Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with metastatic VIP-producing pancreatic tumor was successfully treated with subcutaneous octreotide, an analogue of somatostatin, for more than 4 years. The profuse diarrhea was rapidly controlled and the plasma concentrations of the hormones (VIP, neurotensin, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide) fell to nearly normal within 2 months. Because of asymptomatic increase in tumor size, we added chemotherapy 2 years later. Since the drug is rapidly effective and well tolerated, it will probably become the therapy of choice in this syndrome.
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PMID:[Long-term therapy of a metastasizing pancreatic vipoma using the somatostatin derivative octreotide]. 132 86

Using immunocytochemical techniques we have demonstrated that Calbindin D28K (CaBP) is present in the gastrointestinal tract of ovine fetuses early in development (by day 45). At day 45, CaBP was limited to neuronal elements in the developing intestine. By day 100, CaBP immunoreactivity was abundant in both epithelial endocrine cells and nerves of the submucous and myenteric ganglia. The location of CaBP containing cells and fibers was similar in duodenal sections taken from day 100 and term (145 days), as well as those taken from 24-48 h postnatal lambs. CaBP is colocalized in endocrine cells containing gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin and neurotensin, but not glucose dependent insulinotrophic peptide (GIP). Furthermore, it is extensively colocalized in nerve fibers and cells containing neurotensin but not somatostatin or vasoactive intestinal peptide. The colocalization of CaBP within various endocrine and nerve cells does not change in fetal sheep over the last one-third of gestation and there is no difference between fetal and neonatal sheep.
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PMID:Ontogeny of the distribution and colocalization of calbindin D28K within neural and endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract of fetal and neonatal sheep. 134 79

Plasma concentrations of regulatory peptides were monitored in groups of obese and normal-weight subjects following modified sham feeding and a liquid fatty meal. Following modified sham feeding a significant increase in immunoreactive cholecystokinin (CCK) in plasma was recorded in both groups. In the obese subjects, however, the concentrations following sham feeding were significantly lower than in normal-weight subjects, and the initial part of the response was negative. Basal and modified sham feeding stimulated immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations in plasma did not differ between the groups. After the liquid fatty meal plasma CCK concentrations increased similarly in both groups. In contrast immunoreactive neurotensin and somatostatin concentrations following the meal were lower in the obese group, and a changed concentration-time pattern for somatostatin was observed in the obese group. Postprandial concentrations of PP and immunoreactive gastrin were not different in the groups. The results indicate that the plasma concentration patterns of CCK, somatostatin and NT are disarranged in obesity. The changes may promote rapid propulsion and absorption of ingested food, and facilitate deposition of fat in adipose tissue in obesity and thus may be of pathophysiological importance.
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PMID:Plasma concentrations of regulatory peptides in obesity following modified sham feeding (MSF) and a liquid test meal. 134 61

The presence and distribution of gastrin-, gastrin-releasing peptide-, neurotensin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the Harderian gland of Rana esculenta were studied at different times of the annual cycle. Gastrin-releasing peptide, neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like substances were found either in the glandular cells, or in the nerve fibers surrounding the glandular acini. Gastrin-like immunoreactivity was confined to the glandular cells. The immunoreactivity varied during the annual cycle, with the greatest concentration being noted during the recovery phase of glandular secretory activity.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical identification of some regulatory peptides (gastrin, gastrin-releasing peptide, neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) in the Harderian gland of the green frog, Rana esculenta. 148 11

Little is known about peptide-storing endocrine cells in the gut of the Nile crocodile. As in the case of other reptiles, particularly the alligator, a limited range of peptide-storing cells was found in the gut of the crocodile. They were somatostatin, glucagon, gastrin, neurotensin and pancreatic polypeptide. The topographical distribution of cells immunoreactive to somatostatin and gastrin in the gut of the crocodile is comparable to the situation in the alligator. Glucagon and neurotensin immunoreactive cells have a much wider distribution in the gastro-intestinal tract of the crocodile compared to the alligator. Cholecystokinin and bombesin cells previously reported in the small intestine of the alligator were not detected in this study. This is the first report to demonstrate pancreatic polypeptide and serotonin immunoreactivity in the gut of a crocodilian specie.
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PMID:Bioactive peptides and serotonin in the gut endocrine cells of the crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti 1768): an immunocytochemical study. 151 92

To determine the response of the preterm infant's intestine to entire feedings at different postnatal ages, we recorded results of manometry of the gastroduodenum and determined fasting plasma concentrations of gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, neurotensin, and peptide YY three times in each of two groups: 27 preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive hypocaloric enteral nutrition on postnatal days 3 to 5 (early feeding) or on days 10 to 14 (late feeding). Initial observations (study 1) were performed by the fifth postnatal day; study 2 was performed on days 10 to 14, and study 3 on days 24 to 28. Early-fed infants received hypocaloric feedings immediately after study 1; late-fed infants did not receive enteral feedings until the completion of study 2. Although motor activity and fasting gastrointestinal peptide concentrations did not differ between groups at study 1, at study 2 early-fed infants had significantly more mature motor patterns than did babies not being fed. Early-fed infants also had significantly higher plasma concentrations of gastrin and gastric inhibitory peptide than did late-fed infants; neurotensin and peptide YY values were similar in both groups. By the time of study 3, when late-fed infants had also received enteral feedings, gut development was not different in the two groups. However, early-fed infants were able to tolerate full oral nutrition sooner, had fewer days of feeding intolerance, and had shorter hospital stays. Thus the provision of early hypocaloric nutrition was associated with earlier nutrition of preterm infants' intestinal function and resulted in improved feeding tolerance. These findings support the use of early feedings in preterm infants.
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PMID:Effect of early feeding on maturation of the preterm infant's small intestine. 159 57

The disruptive effect of meals of different fat content and caloric value and of sham feeding on the interdigestive migrating motor complex (IDMMC) was studied in eight healthy subjects using an ambulatory recording system that allowed continuous monitoring of small bowel motility for three consecutive days. The durations of fed pattern were not significantly different between meals of 800 kcal/50% fat, 400 kcal/50% fat, and 800 kcal/25% fat, but were significantly longer compared to IDMMC cycle length and sham feeding. The latter two were not significantly different. On a separate day, five subjects consumed a meal of 400 kcal/9% fat and a second one of 800 kcal/50% fat. The duration of the fed pattern following the high fat meal was significantly longer than the low fat one. Sham feeding significantly increased plasma concentrations of gastrin and neurotensin (NT), but did not affect those of cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, and peptide YY (PYY). The various variables of the IDMMC were not different during the two nights of the study, and velocity of migration of phase III during the first day and both nights was similar. We conclude that the duration of the fed pattern depends, in part, on the composition of the meal. Sham feeding, resulting in an increase in both plasma gastrin and NT concentrations, does not disrupt the IDMMC. When using thin probes, IDMMC is stable during prolonged recording.
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PMID:Effect of meal composition and sham feeding on duodenojejunal motility in humans. 161 49

Because duodenal motor activity differs between preterm and term infants during fasting, this study evaluated the responses of motor activity and peptide release in response to feeding. In the first study, fasting concentrations of gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, neurotensin, and peptide YY (PYY) were determined in 53 preterm and 20 term infants. Plasma concentrations of gastrin and neurotensin were significantly lower in preterm infants than in healthy adults reported previously by our lab (p less than 0.01). Plasma concentration of gastric inhibitory peptide and PYY were higher than in healthy adults (p less than 0.01). Gastrin concentrations in preterm and term infants varied directly with gestational age (p less than 0.005); PYY varied inversely with gestational age (p less than 0.005). In a secondary study, intestinal manometry was recorded and serial peptide concentrations were determined in 43 preterm babies who were given their first enteral feeding intraduodenally with formula or sterile water. Although none of the four peptide plasma concentrations changed in response to feeding with water, plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory peptide, neurotensin, and PYY significantly increased with formula feedings (p less than 0.05 or less). In addition, plasma gastrin increased significantly in seven infants fed milk compared with eight fed water by orogastric tube (p less than 0.01). In contrast to the peptide response to feeding, motor activity changed in response to feeding with either water or milk; motility indices increased and periods of motor quiescence decreased significantly during feeding as compared with fasting (p less than 0.02). Responses of both motor activity and peptides to feeding were time related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Responses of gastrointestinal peptides and motor activity to milk and water feedings in preterm and term infants. 163 21

90 primary breast carcinomas and 18 metastases were immunostained for c-erbB-2 protein and neuron specific enolase. 30 tumours were c-erbB-2 negative and NSE positive, 23 tumours were NSE negative and c-erbB-2 positive. 1 tumour expressed focal immunoreactivity for both markers. 54 of the 108 tumours (50%) did not express either marker. Hormone immunoreactivity was present in single cells and in small groups of cells in 18 of the 31 NSE positive tumours. Bombesin, neurotensin and prealbumin were present in 4 cases each, followed by beta-endorphin and VIP in 3 cases each, leu-enkephalin in 2 cases and gastrin, serotonin, substance P, glucagon and somatostatin in 1 case each. None of 10 NSE negative breast carcinomas were comprised of cells expressing immunoreactivity for hormones. By immunoelectron microscopic examination the c-erbB-2 protein was shown to be present on the cell membrane, on smooth areas, microvilli and in coated pits. Immunoreactivity was also expressed in vesicles in cytoplasm and along rough endoplasmic reticulum. The study shows that c-erbB-2 protein expression and neuroendocrine activity are present in different tumour cell populations. This supports the hypothesis that the presence of c-erbB-2 protein, indicating an elevated cellular tyrosine kinase activity with stimulation of growth, intracellular Ca++, and phosphatidylinositol derivates, means that the same cell does not need regulation of the same factors by stimulation of peptide hormone receptors. Thus the production of autocrine and paracrine factors is switched off.
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PMID:C-erbB-2 protein and neuroendocrine expression in breast carcinomas. 167 29

Endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the domestic duck were identified immunocytochemically using antisera specific to bombesin, chromogranin A, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, glucagon, neuron specific enolase (NSE), neurotensin, secretin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), somatostatin, substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Chromogranin A, 5-HT and somatostatin immunoreactive cells were widespread throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Bombesin immunoreactive cells were observed only in the proventriculus and the gizzard. CCK, substance P and neurotensin immunoreactive cells were present in the intestinal tracts from the duodenum to the colorectum. The latter were numerous also in the antrum. Gastrin cells were peculiar to the antrum but present also in the gizzard and small intestine. Glucagon immunoreactive cells were present in the jejunum-ileum and above all in the large intestine. Only few secretin cells were present in the duodenum. The highest frequency of endocrine cells was found in the antrum, while the lowest was observed in the caeca. Antisera to somatostatin and substance P showed numerous nerve cells and fibers besides endocrine cells, whereas NSE and VIP immunopositivity was found in the nervous structures only of the gut wall.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study on the endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of domestic duck. 168 96


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