Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At least 16 types of endocrine-paracrine cells have been identified ultrastructurally in the gastrointestinal mucosa. The production of hormones and local messengers such as 5-hydroxytryptamine, gastrin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), enteroglucagon (glicentin, GLI), motilin, neurotensin, substance P and the enkephalins, by these cells, has been established. Progress has also been made in cytological studies of gut and pancreatic endocrine tumours. Argentaffin EC cell carcinoids, gastrinomas (of several ultrastructurally different varieties of gastrin cells), L-cell tumours and D-cell tumours are among those cytologically and functionally defined in the gut. Functionally undefined tumours include the so-called non-argentaffin carcinoids arising in various parts of the gut, some of which have been characterised cytologically as gastric ECL cell tumours and gastroduodenal P-D1-cell tumours. Gastrinomas, vipomas and rare argentaffin carcinoids are among gut-related pancreatic endocrine tumours. Non-functional paragangliomas, usually with some neuromatous component, occur in the duodenal wall. Extrapancreatic vipomas display ultrastructural features of ganglioneuroblastomas with peptidergic granules.
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PMID:The diffuse endocrine-paracrine system of the gut in health and disease: ultrastructural features. 611 45

Ten dogs were used to investigate the changes in gut hormones; gastrin, secretin, GIP, and gut-GLI, as well as gastric acid secretion after a test-meal loading following a cholecystoduodenostomy interposing a portion of the jejunum or the ileum. Although the changes in the response of plasma gut hormones to the test-meal were observed, the amount of acid output after the biliary tract reconstruction did not differ from that before the operations in either the jejunal interposition cholecystoduodenostomy or the ileal interposition cholecystoduodenostomy. Therefore, from the standpoint of gastric acid secretion, they are both recommendable procedures for biliary tract reconstruction. It was difficult, however, to interpret the change of gut hormone release in relation to gastric acid secretion. It is presumed that the release of gut hormones after the reconstructive procedure is mainly affected by the part of the small intestine which is used for the reconstruction.
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PMID:Response of gastric acid and gut hormones in biliary tract reconstruction using an interposed jejunum or ileum in dogs. 652 9

A great variety of peptide hormones have been demonstrated by immunocytochemical means in endocrine cells of the digestive system. Usually the specificity immunostaining in these cells is checked by antigen-adsorption of the antisera. This kind of specificity control, however, examines only antibody non-specificity but not staining non-specificity. Indeed staining non-specificities caused by ionic binding mechanisms are of considerable significance, at least for the immunostaining of some endocrine cell types (e.g. pancreatic glucagon- and PP-cells, pyloric gastrin-cells, intestinal GLI-cells). Therefore immunoreactivities of these cell types should be investigated under various experimental conditions. According to our present findings the following investigations should be performed to exclude staining non-specificities in immunostained endocrine cells of the digestive system: 1. Running of ascending dilutions of primary and secondary antisera. 2. Comparative investigations using crude antisera and purified antibodies against the peptide in question. 3. Use of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with a relatively high salt content as a dilution agent for the antisera.
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PMID:[Specificity control in the immunohistochemistry of enteral peptide hormones]. 678 35

The plasma concentrations of gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gut glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (gut GLI), insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were studied following the ingestion of a protein rich meal in late pregnancy and postpartum in 11 normal women. In pregnancy, the fasting plasma concentrations of glucose (mean +/- SEM in pregnancy: 4.1 +/- 0.1 mmol l-1, postpartum: 4.7 +/- 0.1 mmol l-1, P less than 0.01), gut GLI (25 +/- 3 v. 33 +/- 2 pmol-eqv l-1, P less than 0.01), and PP (7.9 +/- 1.0 v. 13.0 +/- 1.2 pmol l-1, P less than 0.01) were decreased, gastrin and GIP unaltered, and insulin (90 +/- 9 v. 72 +/- 5 pmol l-1, P less than 0.05) and glucagon (17 +/- 1 v. 13 +/- 1 pmol l-1, P less than 0.01) increased. The gastrin, GIP and glucagon responses to the meal were unaffected by pregnancy, whereas the responses of gut GLI (integrated responses in pregnancy: 1217 +/- 325 pmol-eqv l-1, postpartum 2223 +/- 404 pmol-eqv l-1, P less than 0.05) and PP (9801 +/- 1440 v. 14,078 +/- 1543 pmol l-1, P less than 0.01) were impaired and the insulin response enhanced (27,973 +/- 6814 v. 11,409 +/- 3102 pmol l-1, P less than 0.01) in pregnancy. The physiological implications of these findings are at present not known in detail. They may, however, be important for the altered carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy and also for the changes occurring during gestation in gastrointestinal physiology.
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PMID:Gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones in normal pregnancy: response to a protein rich meal. 680 Aug 4

The serum or plasma concentrations of gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gut glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (gut GLI), secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were recorded simultaneously following the ingestion of a normal, mixed meal in seven healthy, normal weight men. The concentrations of PP and gastrin increased within 10 min. Subsequently GIP, insulin, glucagon, and gut GLI increased in the order mentioned. The mean concentrations of secretin and VIP were not affected by the meal, athough transient decreases in secretion concentrations could be detected in all subjects. The concentrations of the other hormones remained elevated for 4 hr or more. Perhaps the period of observation following food stimulation of gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones should be extended.
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PMID:Simultaneous recording of the gastro-entero-pancreatic hormonal peptide response to food in man. 699 94

The gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) hormone response to glucose ingestion is considerably altered in pregnancy in normal women and gestational diabetics. In normal women, also the GEP hormone response to protein is changed in pregnancy. In the present investigation, the gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gut glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (gut GLI), insulin, pancreatic glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) responses to a protein rich meal in pregnancy and postpartum were studied in 10 women with gestational diabetes. Five of the women were overweight and five were normal weight. Fasting and postprandial gut GLI and PP levels were reduced and insulin levels enhanced in pregnancy. No effect of pregnancy on fasting or postprandial gastrin, GIP, or glucagon levels was found. In pregnancy as well as postpartum, insulin levels were higher in the overweight than in the normal weight patients, whereas the concentrations of the other hormones were similar in the two subgroups of gestational diabetics. It is concluded that the GEP hormone response to a protein rich meal is influenced by late pregnancy in gestational diabetics in the same way as in normal women. The physiological consequences of the findings are not known in detail as yet but they may be important to carbohydrate metabolism and gastrointestinal physiology in pregnancy.
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PMID:Gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones in gestational diabetes: response to a protein rich meal. 711 58

The frequency and distribution of 11 endocrine cell populations were studied in the intestine of differently aged buffalo, grouped on the basis of diet: 2-d-olds (suckling), 5-mo-olds (weaning) and 5-y-olds (ruminant adult diet). The endocrine cell populations were identified immunocytochemically using antisera against 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), somatostatin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), COOH-terminal octapeptide of gastrin/CCK, neurotensin, motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), secretin, glucagon/glicentin (GLU/GLI) and polypeptide YY (PYY). In adult buffalos the regional distribution of endocrine cells is similar to that of other adult ruminants. During postnatal development, these cell types showed the following changes in their frequency and distribution: (1) 5-HT, neurotensin and gastrin/CCK immunoreactive cells (i.c.) showed a decrease in frequency with age; (2) somatostatin i.c. frequency remained stable with age; (3) motilin, GIP, secretin and CCK i.c. showed a slight increase in frequency with age; (4) GLU/GLI and PYY i.c. decreased in frequency with age in the small intestine, caecum and proximal colon and an increase in frequency in the rectum. It was hypothesised that the endocrine cell types, whose presence and localisation is substantially stable in all examined ages, probably contain substances that are strictly necessary for intestinal function. In contrast the hormones contained in the cell populations that decreased with age, are probably involved in physiological needs during the milk and weaning diet or play a role in intestinal growth.
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PMID:Postnatal development of intestinal endocrine cell populations in the water buffalo. 1058 Aug 59


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