Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The gastric secretion of IF, acid, and pepsin during basal conditions and stimulation by pentagastrin decreased significantly in 8 unoperated duodenal ulcer patients following administration of atropine. The basal concentrations of acid and pepsin decreased, whereas that of IF remained unchanged. An increase of plasma gastrin concentration from the basal value was observed after injection of atropine alone. The secretions of IF and acid decreased significantly from the pre-operative values after proximal gastric vagotomy in 7 duodenal ulcer patients. The basal IF output decreased by 19.8 per cent and the stimulated output by 41.4 per cent. The basal and stimulated secretions of acid decreased by 50.0 and 44.1 per cent, respectively. It is suggested that the smaller reduction of IF than of acid may be of importance for the vitamin B12 absorption after vagotomy. The decreased secretion of IF was secondary to the reduction of volume both after'medical' and surgical vagotomy.
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PMID:The effect of atropine and vagotomy on the secretion of gastric intrinsic factor (IF) in man. 23 85

The renewal of the digestive mucosa is the most efficient process assuming the maintenance of the gastrointestinal barrier. The mucous and absorptive cells, born in the proliferative zone, are migrating to the surface and they extrude duirng meals, living 4 to 6 days. Hyperphagia, pregnancy, lactation and intestinal resection induce a hypertrophic state. Fasting, ageing, germ free status provoke a hypoplasia. The ulcerogenic and antimitotic drugs decrease the proliferative activity. The gastrointestinal cell renewal is controlled by hormonal, vitaminic and nervous agents. Gastrin and growth hormone are the major trophic factors, secretom amd cprtocpsteroids act as antitrophic agents. The vitamins A, D and B12, and the nervous transmittors participate in the feed back control assuming a steady state between proliferation and extrusion. Chalones and immunologic factors are probably the most important but unknown inhibitors. The pathological events concerned with abnormal renewal are peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis, intestinal villous atrophy and digestive cancer.
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PMID:[Regulation of cell renewal in the gastrointestinal mucosa (author's transl)]. 32 43

The stomachs of 8 healthy volunteers were intubated with a Levine tube under radiological control. In addition, a thin polyethylene tube was placed in the proximal duodenum. After a 1-hour period with no perfusion, the duodenum was perfused for two hours with 15% liver extract (LE) (pH 4.5--5.5; 1027 mosm/kg water) at a rate of 100 ml/hour either alone or in combination with intravenous infusion of different doses of exogenous pentagastrin. All subjects were also tested with the tubes in place for 3 hours, but with no perfusion or pentagastrin. Reflux to the stomach was monitored by addition of radioactive B12 to the perfusates. Plasma gastrin, gastric acid, and pepsin were measured in 15-minute periods. During perfusion of the proximal duodenum, where reflux of the perfusates was less than 4%, only a slight and inconstant change in plasma gastrin was seen. Gastric acid and pepsin outputs were increased to approx. 18% and 25% of the maximal pentagastrin stimulation respectively. Whereas 15% LE was shown to release gastrin by antral perfusion however, such release was not found by duodenal perfusion, except where reflux to the antrum was seen. The results suggest that intestinal stimulation of gastric secretion exists, but has not been found to be gastrin dependent in the present investigation.
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PMID:Plasma gastrin and gastric secretory response to duodenal perfusion with liver extract in healthy human subjects. 33 24

The stomachs of six healthy volunteers were intubated with a Levine tube. In addition, a thin polyethylene tube was placed in the proximal jejunum or in the proximal duodenum. After a 1-h period with no perfusion the intestine was perfused for 2 h with 7% liver extract (LE) (pH 5.5; 380 MOsm/kg water) at a rate of 100 ml/h. In control tests 200 ml of 0.9% physiologic saline solution were used as perfusate. Reflux to the stomach was determined by addition of radioactive B12 to the perfusates. Plasma gastrin, gastric acid, and pepsin levels were measured in 15-min periods. During perfusion of the proximal jejunum only pepsin outputs were increased significantly. During duodenal perfusion of LE, gastric acid and pepsin outputs were increased to 31% and 73% of maximal pentagastrin stimulation, respectively. Controls showed no changes in gastric secretion. Plasma gastrin levels were not elevated after jejunal or duodenal perfusion. These results confirm that the intestinal phase of gastric secretory stimulation does exist in humans. Furthermore, it appears that the major portion of this stimulation originates from the duodenum and is not gastrin-dependent.
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PMID:Comparison of gastric secretory response in man to duodenal and jejunal liver extract perfusion. 38

In order to evaluate the incidence and aetiology of hypergastrinaemia 53 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis were examined for gastric acid secretion, fasting serum gastrin concentration, circulating parietal cell antibodies, and some parameters of the activity of inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. The basal and maximum acid output was found to be subnormal in this group (P less than 0.01), and in 11 of these patients (23%) the fasting serum gastrin levels were raised (P less than 0.05). This hypergastrinaemia correlated strongly with maximum acid output. Only in cases of achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria (maximum acid output less than 2 mmol/l) was the serum gastrin level markedly raised. Two out of 5 patients with achlorhydria were found to have circulating parietal cell antibodies, and 1 had decreased absorption of vitamin B12. No relationship was found between serum gastrin and duration or activity of rheumatoid arthritis; nor was there a relationship between basal serum gastrin and the various antirheumatic drugs administered.
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PMID:Hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinaemia in rheumatoid arthritis. 43 40

Gastric acid secretion in nineteen children with celiac disease remained almost unchanged and the level of fasting serum gastrin was comparable with that of a control group of the same age. The absorption of vitamin B12 was significantly decreased, most clearly in the infants with celiac disease as compared with their controls. The serum B12 level, however, was decreased only in the oldest children. The results suggest that the mucosal lesion in the small intestine is most extensive in the youngest children, but the absorption defect of vitamin B12 becomes clinically significant only after a long duration of the disease and not in childhood.
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PMID:Gastric function and absorption of vitamin B12 in children with celiac disease. 49 61

A Levine tube was placed under radiological control in the stomach, and a thin polyethylene tube in the proximal jejunum of 6 healthy volunteers. The stomach and proximal part of jejunum were perfused for 2 hours with 1% acetylcholine, 20% meat extract (Bovril), and 15% liver extract (LE) alone and in combination with simultaneous infusion of different doses of exogenous pentagastrin intravenously. A significant increase in serum gastrin concentration was found with antral perfusion of LE only, whereas perfusion of the proximal jejunum did not change the basal level of the serum gastrin concentration. No change from control values was observed in gastric acid, and pepsin output on perfusing proximal jejunum with LE alone, or in combination with pentagastrin. Reflux to the stomach varied between 0-1.4%, as determined by addition of radioactive B12 to the perfusates. The experiments showed that gastrin was released from the antrum of the stomach by perfusion with 15 per cent LE, but not from the jejunum under the present experimental conditions. In the present experiments Bovril and acetylcholine perfusions did not cause significant responses from the antrum or from the proximal jejunum.
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PMID:The intestinal phase of gastric secretion. Response to liver extract infusion into the proximal jejunum of healthy human subjects. 93 4

Several haematological findings (especially the values of serum LDH and its isoenzymes) were compared with changes in the gastrin level in pernicious anaemia. While vitamin B12 substitution therapy led to normalization of the anaemia and of the enzyme levels, gastric atrophy and, hence, the elevation in serum gastrin levels remained unchanged. Determination of serum gastrin, therefore, provides a valuable tool for the verification of the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia in treated cases.
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PMID:[LDH isoenzymes and gastrin in achlorhydri (author's transl)]. 96 Jul 4

Elevation in fasting serum gastrin levels was found in three patients being evaluated for persistent upper abdominal pain without radiographic evidence of peptic ulcer disease. Fiberoptic endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract in each patient revealed characteristic changes of chronic atrophic gastritis. Gastric biopsies showed diffuse chronic inflammation in the lamina propria, a decrease in the number of parietal cells, and "intestinalization" of gastric mucosa. Total achlorhydria was demonstrated after a maximal histalog stimulus; however, serum levels of vitamin B12 and Schilling test values were normal in all three patients. Parietal cell antibodies were found in the serum in all patients in a dilution of 1:20 to 1:80. These cases represent autoimmune (type A) chronic atrophic gastritis and should be distinguished from chronic simple (type B) gastritis, in which serum gastrin levels are normal and no parietal cell antibodies are found in the serum. Patients with autoimmune gastritis should be observed at frequent intervals for the occurrence of pernicious anemia or gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Autoimmune atrophic gastritis with hypergastrinemia. 101 70

In many patients with low serum levels of vitamin B12, the absorption of the free vitamin has been normal. The present study, using a total body counter 57CoB12 absorption method that clearly separated those with intrinsic factor deficiency from controls, found that of 94 patients with low B12 levels and intact stomachs in whom the absorption of free and bound B12 was determined, 44 (47%) had normal absorption of both. However, 20 of the 94 (21%) with normal absorption of free B12 had low absorption of bound B12. The remainder (32%) had low absorption of both free and bound B12. All patients with high serum gastrin levels had low bound B12 absorption, but so did 21% of those patients with normal serum gastrin levels.
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PMID:Bound vitamin B12 absorption in patients with low serum B12 levels. 160 68


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