Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of pancreatic tumor in a six-year-old girl is presented. The tumor had histologic characteristics of acinar cell carcinoma with endocrine component. Grossly, it was encapsulated and attached to the tail of the pancreas, measuring 8 cm in the greatest diameter. Histologically, the tumor was composed of medium-sized tumor cells, with mild pleomorphism showing mainly acinar structures. Many of these tumor cell contained fine granules that were periodic acid-Schiff positive, diastase resistant, and positive with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde nitrite strain for tryptophan, and some contained granules that were positive with Grimelius stain and positive with peroxidase-antiperoxidase technic for gastrin. Electron microscopy revealed two types of membrane-bound granules in the tumor cells. The larger granules measured 400-700 nm in diameter and appeared to be zymogen granules, while the smaller ones measured 100-200 nm in diameter and appeared to be neuroendocrine granules. Some cells contained both granules. The postoperative course of the patient was excellent, and she was alive and well 13 years after operation. This may be the second reported case of acinar-endocrine cell tumor of the pancreas.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the pancreas with endocrine component in childhood. A case report. 396 47

A technique for the identification of gastrin-producing cells (G cells) is described. This is applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. It is based on an immunohistochemical method using peroxidase-labelled antibodies.
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PMID:An immunoperoxidase technique for the identification of gastrin-producing cells. 413 72

Paired staining with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) differentiated distinctly between gastrin- and somatostatin-producing cells in the human gastric antrum. Similar paired staining of complexed lambda and alpha chains in immunoglobulin (Ig)A myeloma cells, of kappa and free J chains in IgG myeloma cells, and of secretory IgA and its epithelial transport protein, the free secretory component (SC), in colonic crypt cells, demonstrated that PAP staining inhibits subsequent DIF staining of an antigenic determinant present on the same molecule as the antigen revealed by the brown color of diaminobenzidine (DAB) or present or an unassociated molecule in the same cell. A quenching effect of the DAB reaction product was noted for both fluorescein (green) and rhodamine (red) emissions. In addition, a blocking effect of the DAB deposits has been demonstrated and is assumed to be the principal methodological basis for the paired PAP-DIF staining approach omitting intermediate antibody elution, as well as for the more time-consuming sequential PAP staining with DAB substrate for the first and 4-chloro-1-naphthol (CN) for the second antigen. The quenching and blocking effects limit in practice the paired PAP-DIF method to the localization of antigens present in separate cells.
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PMID:Unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method combined with direct immunofluorescence. 611 18

Three types of endocrine cells (G cells producing gastrin-17, D cells producing somatostatin, and GER cells containing endorphine) in the mucous membrane of the stomach antrum from 14 patients with duodenal ulcer and 10 healthy persons were studied. Biopsies were fixed in a modified Bowen solution and imbedded into paraffin. The slides were stained by Grimelins' method and immunohistochemically with the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The number of cells per 1 mm2 of the mucous membrane was counted. Patients with ulcer have shown the increased number of G and GER cells and decreased number of D cells. Besides, pronounced G cell hyperplasia with a relative decrease of GER cells and a marked decrease of Grimelins-positive cells (as compared to other patients with duodenal ulcer) were observed in 3 out of 14 ulcer patients. The authors conclude that the alteration of the balance between antagonistic hormone effects results in the hypersecretory syndrome that plays the main role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:[Gastric endocrine cells containing endorphin, gastrin and somatostatin in duodenal ulcer]. 614 55

We have developed a model to allow study of the release of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLI) from gastric mucosal cells. Collagenase-dispersed canine fundic mucosal cells were separated by counterflow elutriation. SLI-containing cells were identified in the fractions with small cells (9-11 microns), and these fractions were plated onto collagen. After 2 days in culture, SLI content of the cells was maintained; SLI-positive cells, detected by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry, comprised 70 +/- 6% (mean +/- SE, n = 6) of these cultured cells. Release of SLI from these cultures into the medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. Epinephrine, dibutyryl cAMP, and gastrin each stimulated SLI release in a time-dependent manner, with a steady rate of secretion maintained for 120 min of incubation. Both epinephrine and dibutyryl cAMP markedly potentiated the release of SLI stimulated by gastrin but were not themselves mutually potentiating. Upon Sephadex G-50 column chromatography of incubation medium and extracts of cultured cells, SLI eluted primarily in a single peak that cochromatographed with synthetic somatostatin tetradecapeptide. Our data suggest that gastrin and adrenergic stimuli act directly on canine fundic somatostatin cells and that potentiating interactions between secretagogues may be important modulating elements in somatostatin cell secretory function.
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PMID:Release of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity from canine fundic mucosal cells in primary culture. 614 97

In this study we have investigated the mucin profile and the endocrine cell population in gastric endoscopic biopsies from 22 patients affected by chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia and in five surgical specimens of stomachs removed because of intestinal-type carcinoma (4) or peptic ulcer (1). High iron diamine-Alcian blue (HID-Ab) staining and peptide immunocytochemistry (peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique) were used. Forty-one foci of intestinal metaplasia were detected, 15 produced sulphomucins and 26 sialomucins. Of the endocrine cells investigated, gastrin and somatostatin cells were the most frequently observed, while cholecystokinin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide-, secretin- and enteroglucagon-containing cells were also found in the metaplastic areas, but less frequently. No significant correlation was found between the type of mucin and the types of endocrine cells present, the latter usually resembling those normally found in the small intestine. On the basis of these results we conclude that intestinal metaplasia involves mucin- and peptide-producing cells of the stomach in a variable manner, with no correlation between the two.
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PMID:Endocrine cells in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. 615 74

A highly sensitive immunoenzymatic technic is presented. The method involves three sequential steps: (1) primary antibody, (2) biotin-labeled secondary antibody, and (3) avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. Avidin, an egg white protein, has four binding sites for the low-molecular-weight vitamin biotin. Many moieties of biotin can be coupled to the peroxidase molecule. Thus, since a relatively large amount of avidin is incubated with biotin-labeled peroxidase, avidin serves as a link between biotin-peroxidase molecules; in turn, biotin-peroxidase serves as a link between avidin molecules. Consequently, this large lattice-like complex with biotin-binding capability can be attracted to the sites of biotin-labeled antibody, producing a superior staining sensitivity. Several commercially available radioimmunoassay antibodies (e.g., antiglucagon, prolactin, gastrin, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone antibodies) were tested for immunohistochemical staining. The unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method fails to stain gastrin or thyroid-stimulating secretory cells when using these antibodies, and a relatively high antibody concentration is required to produce a positive reaction for glucagon, prolactin, and growth hormone. In contrast, the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method successfully demonstrates polypeptide hormones even when antibodies are diluted 20 to 40 times.
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PMID:A comparative study of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and an avidin-biotin complex method for studying polypeptide hormones with radioimmunoassay antibodies. 616 37

Immunohistochemical staining with the use of peroxidase-antiperoxidase was applied to study cells producing gamma- and alpha-endorphines in the gastric antral mucosa in duodenal ulcer. The cells producing gamma-endorphines were discovered to be mainly located in the epithelium of the cervical and upper third of the pyloric glands and to be alike G-cells producing gastrin. The cells producing alpha-endorphine were found both in the epithelium of the upper third of the gastric pyloric glands and in the gastric mucosa lamina proper. In peptic ulcer, there was an almost two-fold increase in the amount of gamma-endorphine-producing cells and diminution of epithelial endocrine cells producing alpha-endorphine.
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PMID:[Endorphin-containing cells in the gastric antral mucosa in duodenal ulcer]. 619 33

Paired indirect immunoenzyme staining based on primary antisera from the same species was performed sequentially without intermediate antibody elution. The first antigen was labelled brown by an immunoperoxidase procedure (either the two-stage indirect method, the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, or the avidin-biotin bridge method using diaminobenzidine (DAB) and hydrogen peroxide as the substrates. The second antigen was labelled blue by applying a two-stage indirect immuno-alkaline phosphatase procedure using naphthol AS phosphate and Fast Blue BB salt as the substrate. In this way, polyclonal mucosal immunocytes were revealed in distinctly contrasting colours when stained for kappa and lambda light chains. Glucagon and somatostatin (D) cells in human pancreatic islets, and gastrin and D cells in human gastric antral glands, were likewise clearly differentiated. Conversely, a mixed colour appeared in some immunocytes after staining for alpha and kappa chains. However, unbalanced colour mixing was sometimes difficult to interpret, and additional experiments demonstrated that unwanted interactions could take place between the two sequences of reagents if the density of the DAB deposits was insufficient. These pitfalls were incompatible with unequivocal double staining in the same cell. Nevertheless, paired staining could be conveniently applied with the described procedures when prior knowledge had established that the antigens in question were located in separate cells.
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PMID:Paired indirect immunoenzyme staining with primary antibodies from the same species. Application of horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase as sequential labels. 620 74

Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and the unlabelled antibody peroxidase--antiperoxidase (PAP) methods were compared on a quantitative basis with regard to visualization of IgA immunocytes and gastrin cells in human gastric mucosa, and secretin cells in canine duodenal mucosa. With both DIF and PAP, two serial sections from 13 biopsy specimens were evaluated for each cell type--thus keeping tissue preparation the same with both staining methods. The three cell types were well visualized regardless of method, and there was no significant difference between cell numbers recorded with the DIF or PAP. When blind duplicate counts were obtained with an interval of three weeks, comparisons of weighted differences and the Kendall's rank correlation test indicated good precision; the reproducibility of duplicate enumerations with each method was comparable to that between the two methods. It was concluded that DIF and PAP are equally applicable for studies of these three cell types under the conditions used in this investigation.
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PMID:Quantitation of immunoglobulin- and peptide hormone-producing cells in gastrointestinal mucosa. Comparison of direct immunofluorescence and the unlabelled antibody peroxidase--antiperoxidase method. 635 42


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