Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, the authors studied 7 malignant choroidal melanomas, 7 conjunctival nevi and 1 malignant conjunctival melanoma with the aim to detect the presence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gastrin, estradiol and testosterone. Positive staining reaction for VIP, estradiol and testosterone was observed in both malignant melanomas of the choroid and conjunctival nevi. The case of conjunctival melanoma was positive for VIP and ACTH but not for estradiol and gastrin.
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PMID:Steroids and neuroendocrine hormones detected by the immunoperoxidase technique from malignant melanomas and nevi of the choroid and conjunctiva. 301 Feb 9

The aim of this retrospective study was to correlate the results of hormonal immunocytochemistry of 46 endocrine tumors to the corresponding clinical syndromes in 24 patients. They were divided as following: 14 cases of insulinoma, 3 cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 1 case of glucagonoma, 1 case of carcinoid syndrome and 5 cases without any obvious endocrine manifestations. Each tumor was tested with anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, anti-pancreatic polypeptide, anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide, anti-gastrin immune sera according to the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The presence of insulin was proved in 13 of 14 cases of insulinomas and the presence of gastrin in 2 of 3 cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Among the 5 asymptomatic cases, a somatostatinoma and a vipoma were individualized. More than 50 p. 100 of the tumors showed plurihormonal secretion with one predominantly secreted hormone responsible for the clinical syndrome. This study demonstrated the diversity of the hormonal secretion by some tumors and their metastasis in the same patient. Malignant insulinomas correspond either to poorly secreting tumors or to plurihormonal tumors secreting gastrin and glucagon as well.
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PMID:[Hormone immunocytochemical studies of 46 endocrine tumors of the pancreas in 24 patients]. 301 9

The localization of immunoreactive calcitonin (IR-CT) in the human gastric mucosa and tumor tissues was studied using an immunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. A small number of IR-CT-containing cells were observed in both infant and adult gastric antral mucosa and the ratio of IR-CT-containing cells to G cells was about 1:50-100. Moreover, tissue content of IR-CT in normal antral mucosa was 2.37 +/- 0.35 ng/g wet weight. IR-CT-containing cells and G cells decreased with the progress of chronic atrophic gastritis and were totally absent in intestinal metaplastic glands. IR-CT was detected in G cells, suggesting a paracrine relation between gastrin and CT. IR-CT was not found in tumor cells of 35 gastric adenomas and 40 well differentiated adenocarcinomas. On the other hand, it was demonstrated in a very small number of tumor cells in 4 of 46 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and in a good number in 3 of 7 scirrhous argyrophil cell carcinomas. IR-CT in plasma could serve, therefore, as a tumor marker of scirrhous endocrine cell carcinoma, and its production in cancer cells was considered to be eutopic rather than ectopic.
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PMID:Calcitonin in human gastric mucosa and carcinoma. 301 79

A life span study of 900 female virgin Han:NMRI mice (300 outbred controls, 300 of a fat subline, and 300 of a lean subline) was done to determine the occurrence of spontaneous disease with ad libitum or restricted feeding. Major nonneoplastic lesions in the glandular stomach were erosions, ulcers and adenomatous hyperplasia of the fundus. Ulcers, ranging in incidence with ad libitum feeding from 5 to 9% and with food restriction from 13 to 34%, either occurred secondary to other diseases or were due to stress associated with food restriction, causing death mainly in the lean subline. Adenomatous hyperplasia was most common in the control group (41%); the frequency increased with age and was significantly reduced by food restriction. The etiology of adenomatous gastric hyperplasia is yet unknown. However, a lack of antiparietal cell antibodies, as determined by an immunofluorescent technique, indicates that an autoimmune disorder is not involved and an increase in antral gastrin cells, as determined by avidin-biotin peroxidase immunocytochemistry, suggests a hormonal involvement in pathogenesis.
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PMID:Spontaneous nonneoplastic gastric lesions in female Han:NMRI mice, and influence of food restriction throughout life. 330 4

We have shown that structurally well-defined homogeneous maleoyl-peptides are synthetically accessible. These anchor-modified peptide derivatives allow their selective covalent linkage to thiol-containing proteins via the maleimide-thiol procedure. Correspondingly mercaptosuccinylated horseradish peroxidase was reacted with N alpha-maleoyl-beta-alanyl-human-little gastrin-I-[2-17] to produce the gastrin/peroxidase conjugate in good yields at 1:1 stoichiometry. The conjugate exhibited full enzymatic activity and identical binding affinity to antigastrin antisera as the parent gastrin. This approach proved to be well suited for the preparation of enzyme labeled peptide factors as tracers for immunoassays.
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PMID:Studies on immunoassays of peptide factors. IV. New synthesis of a gastrin/peroxidase conjugate. 330 43

Studies indicating evidence for the presence of the amphibian octapeptide xenopsin in gastric mucosa of mammals prompted us to investigate the cellular localization of this peptide. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and a specific antiserum to xenopsin (Xen-7) on paraffin and adjacent semithin sections of gastric antral mucosa from man, dog, and Tupaia belangeri, we found numerous epithelial cells showing a specific positive immunoreaction. These cells were of typical pyramidal shape and could be classified as of the "open" type. Cell quantification in serial sections processed for xenopsin and gastrin immunoreactivity, respectively, revealed an identical number of cells per section and an identical distribution of these cells in the middle zone of the antral mucosa. Furthermore, adjacent semithin sections demonstrated the colocalization of xenopsin and gastrin immunoreactivity within the same G-cell. The xenopsin antiserum could be completely absorbed with synthetic xenopsin but not with gastrin. Preabsorption tests with neurotensin, a xenopsin related peptide, or with somatostatin, glucagon, and enkephalins gave no evidence for crossreactivity of the xenopsin antiserum with these peptides. It is concluded that gastric antral G-cells in addition to gastrin also contain the amphibian peptide xenopsin.
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PMID:Co-localization of xenopsin and gastrin immunoreactivity in gastric antral G-cells. 352 76

To investigate the effects of the colonic environment on duodenal G-cell activity and proliferation, thirty white rats underwent antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy (control group) or antrectomy with interposition of a 15 mm segment of transverse colon between the gastric fundus and the first duodenal portion (experimental group). Three to four months after surgery, serum gastrin determinations were carried out by radioimmunoassay either in fasted or freely fed rats. The duodenum was then removed and its proximal third was used for G-cell count (immuno-peroxidase method) and for assessment of G-cell cytoplasmic granule content (electron microscopy examination). The interposition of a colonic segment between the gastric fundus and the first duodenal portion did not affect either serum gastrin levels or the cytoplasmic granule content of duodenal G-cells, while significantly increasing duodenal G-cell density. These results indicate that the colonic environment enhances duodenal G-cell proliferation, but gastrin release from the enlarged duodenal G-cell mass is not stimulated by the interposition of a colonic segment to replace the antrum, either under fasting or feeding conditions.
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PMID:Influence of the colonic environment on duodenal G-cell activity and proliferation. 372 39

The gastrin cells (G cells) in the rat pyloric antrum after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of starvation were investigated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. In the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method for light microscopy, gastrin immunoreactive cells during starvation markedly decreased in number and size. Quantitative electron microscopy revealed that during starvation the number of electron-lucent granules were greatly reduced, but the number of electron-dense granules increased; the number of intermediate granules were not remarkably changed in G cells. These results may suggest that the synthesis of gastrin and granule maturation were greatly inhibited during long-term starvation.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry and morphometry of gastrin cells in the rat pyloric antrum during starvation. 379 93

A morphologic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study of 20 cases of pure gastrointestinal carcinoids, adenocarcinomas, and mixed neoplasms composed of both elements, so-called composite carcinoma-carcinoid tumors (CCC), was undertaken in order to correlate the morphologic patterns with the immunocytochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), serotonin, and a battery of polypeptide hormones (calcitonin, glucagon, insulin, gastrin, somatostatin, and adrenocorticotropin [ACTH]). Paraffin sections from five pure carcinoids, seven pure adenocarcinomas, and eight CCC from the stomach, small bowel, appendix, and colon were studied with mucicarmine, silver impregnation stains, and a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technic. Of the eight CCC, all were mucin positive, four were argyrophilic, and three were argentaffin positive. CEA was present in all eight, serotonin in seven, and calcitonin in one. No other neurohormonal peptides were demonstrated. The distribution of serotonin and CEA generally corresponded to the morphologic pattern, but discordance was observed in two cases, i.e., serotonin was not always localized to areas of carcinoid and CEA not always confined to areas of carcinoma. All five pure carcinoids demonstrated intracytoplasmic localization of serotonin, whereas none contained intracytoplasmic CEA. In two cases, CEA was present within acinar lumens only. The seven colonic adenocarcinomas were argyrophil and argentaffin negative. All contained CEA within the cytoplasm and in gland lumens. None contained serotonin. None of the neurohormonal peptides was localized in either pure adenocarcinomas or carcinoids. This study reveals that among gastrointestinal neoplasms displaying morphologic patterns of adenocarcinoma and carcinoid, immunocytochemical localization of CEA and serotonin confirms their bidirectional differentiation and justifies the designation "composite carcinoma-carcinoid."
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PMID:Composite carcinoma-carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. A morphologic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study. 389 86

Universal, polyclonal and monoclonal immunoperoxidase staining kits from BioGenex, Dako and Ortho were employed for the localization of antigens such as gastrin, prostate specific antigen, IgA, IgG, AFP and CEA in histological sections from formaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded human specimens. The kit components were controlled by immunohistological and serological assays and were also compared with self-prepared reagents. In connection with specific primary antibodies, universal/basic kits gave reliable localization of defined antigens. The optimal concentration of the primary antibodies had to be established by dilution experiments. In the case of polyclonal kits, typical antigen localization was obtained in selected tissue sections with all the respective kits. CEA kits also stained strongly NCA molecules present in organs such as colon, stomach and liver. BioGenex polyclonal kits gave almost stronger stainings than kits from Dako and Ortho. Irrespective of which kit from different commercial sources is used, development of peroxidase activity with AEC/H2O2 often had to be stopped far below the recommended incubation time of 40 min or overstaining with color change from reddish to muddy green occurred. The latter was attributed to insufficiently balanced kit reagents, an interpretation which was supported by quantitative serological studies. Sensitivity of immunohistological reactivity was much enhanced by pretreatment of tissue sections with Pronase. Thus, stronger immunostainings and larger numbers of positive cells were detected than in conventionally rehydrated sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Commercial polyclonal and monoclonal histostaining PAP kits. Immunoperoxidase reagents and performance characteristics in comparison with self-prepared immunoreagents. 389 52


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