Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastrin is trophic for rodent gut mucosa. Proglumide, a competitive inhibitor of gastrin, can exert an antitrophic effect and can block pentagastrin-stimulated DNA synthesis. We have examined the influence of the circadian system on pentagastrin-stimulated DNA synthesis in the murine stomach (glandular and nonglandular stomach) and colon. We studied 224 male CD2F1 mice divided into four groups. Group A was ad lib fed (controls). Groups B, C, and D received 6-9 intraperitoneal injections of either NaCl, pentagastrin or pentagastrin + proglumide, at 8-h intervals prior to sacrifice. Mice from each group (A-D) were killed (by cervical dislocation) at 3-h intervals for 24 h. Incorporation of tritiated thymidine (DNA synthesis) was measured, and significant (p less than 0.001) circadian rhythms were found, which were not eliminated after treatment with either pentagastrin or pentagastrin + proglumide. DNA synthesis in the glandular stomach increased significantly after treatment with pentagastrin , but only during the span of time when DNA synthesis was increasing also in control mice; it had no effect at other times. Proglumide blocked the effect of pentagastrin only during the time of increasing DNA synthesis; it had no effect at other times. The identical regimen given at different times in the circadian cycle yielded significantly different results. In the intact animal, studies on the effects of various stimulators or inhibitors of DNA synthesis should be time-qualified.
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PMID:Pentagastrin-stimulated DNA synthesis in mouse gut is influenced by the circadian system. 192 22

Effects of various forms of gastric surgery on gut hormones and pancreatic secretions were examined using canine models. These operative procedures included simple laparotomy (group A; n = 13), truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty (B; n = 17), selective proximal vagotomy (C; n = 17), proximal gastrectomy with pyloroplasty (D; n = 6), proximal gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (E; n = 7), and distal gastrectomy (F; n = 19). The mean fasting serum gastrin and secretin levels (pg/ml) were 71.0, 82.5 in A, 94.0, 97.7 in B, 62.1, 108.1 in C, 58.2, 123.0 in D, 91.2, 138.6 in E, and 50.9, 74.5 in F, respectively. The mean value of plasma pancreatic glucagon (pg/ml) showed 73.6, 109.9, 106.8, 47.2, 37.8, and 74.5 in each of the six groups. Significant correlations were observed between values of serum lipase and those of serum gastrin as well as between the amount of pancreatic secretions and serum secretin levels. Pancreatic secretions were decreased markedly in group F and moderately in B. Basal tissue blood flow measured by hydrogen clearance method was low in D, E, and F when compared with that in A.
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PMID:[Effects of various forms of gastric surgery on gut hormones and pancreatic secretions]. 194 82

To elucidate the role of bile and pancreatic juice in regulation of gut hormone secretion, an experimental study was performed creating models of biliary and pancreatic juice diversion in conscious dogs with reference to gastric acid and pancreatic exocrine secretions. The results were obtained as follows. 1) Diversion of bile from the duodenum to the jejunum, the ileum and urinary bladder (UB) did not affect the postprandial gastric acid and gastrin secretion, except slight suppression of gastric acid in model of bile diversion to the ileum and UB. 2) Postprandial GIP secretion was completely diminished and total-GLI secretion was significantly increased after bile diversion to the ileum and UB, whereas the jejunal diversion did not affect both GIP and total-GLI secretion. 3) A marked hypertrophy of pancreatic acinar cells was seen in conventional histopathological investigation and hyperfunction indicated by microelectroscopical findings was observed after bile diversion to UB with significant hypersecretion of CCK. 4) In the model of bile diversion to UB, hypersecretion of insulin was observed after intravenous glucose infusion test. 5) Diversion of pancreatic juice from the duodenum to the jejunum induced significant postprandial hypersecretion of gastric acid and hyposecretion of GIP.
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PMID:[Role of bile and pancreatic juice in regulation of gut hormone secretion]. 194 85

The effect of proximal and distal small bowel resection on gut hormone release after test meal loading in dogs was studied. Ten beagle dogs were subjected to 50% proximal or distal small bowel resection, and test meal loading was performed after one night fasting to examine gut hormone release. Fasting levels of plasma gastrin were not changed after both proximal and distal resection, but response to test meal was increased at 18 weeks of postoperative period in 50% proximal resection. Postprandial release of plasma GIP was significantly decreased in both proximal and distal resection compared with preoperative period. Postprandial release of enteroglucagon was increased at 4 and 8 weeks in proximal resection. In distal resection, it was increased at 4 weeks but returned to preoperative levels at 8 weeks. Villus height of middle part of the intestine was increased in both proximal and distal resection, and significant change was observed in the duodenal mucosa of proximal resection at 4 weeks. These findings suggest that part of the resection of small bowel influences gut hormone release, and these may play an important role in intestinal adaptation.
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PMID:[Influence of 50% proximal or distal small bowel resection on gut hormone release after test meal loading in dogs]. 196 Nov 84

Part 1 of this review described the three classical gut hormones gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin, with particular emphasis on newly discovered biological effects. Part 2 deals largely with a further aspect of gastrointestinal endocrinology, namely the discovery of numerous new regulatory peptides. The possible physiological effects and pathophysiological significance of which are discussed.
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PMID:[Gastrointestinal hormones--function and clinical significance. 2: Somatostatin, PYY, neurotensin and other regulatory peptides]. 197 Mar 21

The role of vagus nerve for release of gastrin, secretin and somatostatin in dogs was studied. Bilateral cervical vagotomy and electric vagal stimulation (25 V 0.5 msec 10 Hz) were performed and blood levels of gut hormones were measured. After vagotomy, blood levels of gastrin, secretin and somatostatin did not change. The electric vagal stimulation elevated blood level of gastrin. Atropine and hexamethonium inhibited the elevation. The electric vagal stimulation did not change blood levels of secretin and somatostatin. In conclusion, vagal stimulation releases gastrin into blood circulation depending on the cholinergic mechanism.
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PMID:[Role of vagus nerve for release of gut hormones]. 197 45

The administration of the currently available H2-blockers (at a dosage that induces only partial inhibition of the intragastric acidity) is effective in nearly all peptic ulcer patients in the short and long- term treatment. The benefits of more profound gastric acid inhibition (as achieved with omeprazole) in the short-term treatment of acid peptic diseases has been demonstrated in clinical studies. However, gastric acid has an important physiological role and the potential consequences of profound inhibition of gastric acid include intragastric bacterial colonization and hypergastrinaemia. Bacterial overgrowth of the stomach renders the gut more susceptible to enteric infection and another possible sequela of intragastric bacteria is the formation of N-nitroso compounds with carcinogenic potency. Hypergastrinaemia has a trofic effect on the gastric mucosa and gastric endocrine cells and, in animal, ECL cell hyperplasia and carcinoid formation has been observed as a result of high serum gastrin levels. So far, these potential risks have precluded the long-term administration of omeprazole.
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PMID:Inhibition of gastric acid secretion: advantages and risks in short and long-term treatment. 198 19

A sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in saliva and gastric juice. This method was sufficiently sensitive for an accurate measurement of hEGF in these biological fluids. The minimal detectable concentration of EGF was 30 ng/L. The imprecision profile of EGF standard curve had a CV less than 10% in the range of 0.1-3.0 micrograms/L. Serial dilution curves of saliva and gastric juice paralleled that of standard EGF. The antibody to hEGF showed no cross-reactivity with a large excess of growth factors, such as human transforming growth factor alpha, human insulin-like growth factor I, and platelet-derived growth factor (c-sis). No detectable cross-reactivity was observed with some biological gut peptides: somatostatin, gastrin, secretin or pancreatic polypeptide. The intra-assay CV for saliva and gastric juice was less than 10%, and the recoveries were 93.9 +/- 8.7% and 93.7 +/- 11.3%, respectively for saliva and gastric juice. Gel exclusion chromatography revealed hEGF-like substances, heterogeneous in size in saliva and gastric juice, the origins and physiological functions of which are unknown.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of epidermal growth factor in human saliva and gastric juice. 204 84

Transgenes consisting of segments of the rat liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) gene's 5' non-transcribed domain linked to the human growth hormone (hGH) gene (minus its regulatory elements) have provided useful tools for analyzing the mechanisms that regulate cellular and spatial differentiation of the continuously renewing gut epithelium. We have removed the jejunum from normal and transgenic fetal mice before or coincident with, cytodifferentiation of its epithelium. These segments were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of young adult CBY/B6 nude mouse hosts to determine whether the bipolar, migration-dependent differentiation pathways of gut epithelial cells can be established and maintained in the absence of its normal luminal environment. Immunocytochemical analysis of isografts harvested 4-6 wk after implantation revealed that activation of the intact endogenous mouse L-FABP gene (fabpl) in differentiating enterocytes is perfectly recapitulated as these cells are translocated along the crypt-to-villus axis. Similarly, Paneth and goblet cells appear to appropriately differentiate as they migrate to the crypt base and villus tip, respectively. The enteroendocrine cell subpopulations present in intact 4-6-wk-old jejunum are represented in these isografts. Their precise spatial distribution along the crypt-to-villus axis mimics that seen in the intact gut. A number of complex interrelationships between enteroendocrine subpopulations are also recapitulated. In both "intact" and isografted jejunum, nucleotides -596 to +21 of the rat L-FABP gene were sufficient to direct efficient expression of the hGH reporter to enterocytes although precocious expression of the transgene occurred in cells located in the upper crypt, before their translocation to the villus base. Inappropriate expression of hGH occurred in a high percentage (greater than 80%) of secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, and gastric inhibitory peptide producing enteroendocrine cells present in the intact jejunum of 4-6-wk-old L-FABP-596 to +21/hGH transgenics. Addition of nucleotides -597 to -4,000 reduced the percentage of cells co-expressing this reporter four- to eightfold in several of the subpopulations. Jejunal isografts from each transgenic pedigree studied contained a lower percentage of hGH positive enteroendocrine cells than in the comparably aged intact jejunum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Epithelial cell differentiation in normal and transgenic mouse intestinal isografts. 204 Jun 47

We have investigated the effects of melatonin (Mel) and N-acetylserotonin (NAc-5HT) on the mitotic activity of gastric and colonic mucosa in adult male rats under basal conditions and after an administration of omeprazole (OM) (H+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor). The metaphase-arrest technique was applied in the study. Additionally, serum gastrin levels were measured by RIA method in the OM-treated group and in respective polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-administered controls. We have found that: 1) OM-treatment increased serum gastrin levels in rats; 2) OM enhanced the mitotic activity of the colonic mucosa cells, although, unexpectedly, it did not exert such an effect on the gastric mucosa cells; 3) Mel suppressed the OM-induced increase of the colonic epithelium cell proliferation, while NAc-5HT failed to reveal that action: 4) NAc-5HT decreased the proliferation of gastric mucosa epithelial cells. The value of the mean mitotic activity rate (MMAR) of gastric mucosa after Mel-treatment also decreased, but that change was not statistically significant. The obtained data are in compliance with previous results from our laboratory concerning the inhibitory effect of pineal indoleamines on the jejunal epithelium mitotic activity. The stimulatory effect of OM on the proliferation of colonic epithelium is probably mediated by OM-induced hypergastrinaemia. The possibility of Mel interaction with intestinal gastrin receptors (a structural similarity occurs between Mel and benzotript, a specific gastrin receptor antagonist), as well as of the opposite effects of Mel and gastrin on intracellular cAMP content in the gut, are considered in the discussion of results.
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PMID:Influence of pineal indoleamines on the mitotic activity of gastric and colonic mucosa epithelial cells in the rat: interaction with omeprazole. 205 33


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