Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A recent clinical case afforded an opportunity to study the effects of duodenal stimulation on plasma human pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentrations, independent of gastric stimulation. A distension stimulus was provided by rapid injection of 100 ml of water and saline via a T-tube into an isolated duodenal afferent limb. In a third experiment, the saline contained 200 pg/ml of heptadecapeptide human gastrin. Within 2 min after each injection, a rapid rise in circulating human pancreatic polypeptide levels appeared that fell promptly towards basal thereafter. Injections of 100 ml of Flexical, a supplemental tube feeding, resulted in a biphasic human pancreatic polypeptide response, the initial peak comparable to that seen following distension with water, saline, or saline containing gastrin, and a second peak of much greater magnitude and duration followed the initial peak. Plasma gastrin concentrations were not influenced following any of the stimuli. Duodenal distension alone may induce an early transient increase in plasma human pancreatic polypeptide concentrations, while intraduodenal nutrients per se may induce a later increment of greater magnitude and duration.
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PMID:Release of human pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin in response to intraduodenal stimuli: a case report. 44 86

Twenty-five years ago we described an extraction procedure for porcine secretin in which the intestinal tissue is briefly boiled in water and then extracted with dilute acid at low temperature. Boiling in water, which inactivates proteolytic enzymes, does not extract secretin, and extraction with acid in the cold will minimize cleavage of acid labile peptide structures. This extraction procedure has formed the basis for the isolation not only of secretin but also of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK) and, in collaboration with other laboratories, of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), the gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and motilin. Recently it has been used for the isolation of an N-terminally extended somatostatin from intestinal tissue, and of a peptide, from both nonantral gastric and intestinal tissues, with gastrin-releasing and probably cholecystokinin-releasing properties. A technique has been worked out permitting the chemical analysis, in certain cases, of polypeptide hormones in the presence of other polypeptides, the polypeptide mixture being exposed to fragmentation conditions known to result in characteristic hormone fragments, which are then extracted and quantitated. The technique can also be useful for the isolation of previously unknown peptides by identifying fragments of such and tracing them back to their peptides of origin.
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PMID:Some contributions to the chemistry of the gastrointestinal hormones. 45 17

To examine the relative importance of calcium and gastrin in regulation of calcitonin secretion, we administered graded oral doses of calcium to 10 normal men, ages 23-29 yr. Each subject had previously shown an appropriate increase in calcitonin secretion in response to a pharmacologic (0.5 mug/kg) pentagastrin injection. On separate days and in random order, each man drank 250 ml of distilled water containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 g of elemental calcium as the gluconate salt. Blood samples were drawn before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after the oral calcium dose. The samples were analyzed for calcium by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and for gastrin and calcitonin by radioimmunoassays of established sensitivity and specificity. Ingestion of water (control) caused no change in any of the three variables. Calcium ingestion resulted in dose-related increases, within the normal range, of all three variables. Immunoreactive gastrin rose promptly, peaking at 30 min, and returning to basal levels or below by 120 min. In contrast, calcium and immunoreactive calcitonin levels rose slowly and in parallel, peaking at 120-240 min. Changes in calcitonin and changes in calcium were strongly and positively correlated, r = 0.73, when all data were pooled. Furthermore, individual linear regressions for changes in calcitonin and calcium levels (calculated separately for the three oral calcium doses in each subject) had positive slopes in 28 out of 30 sets (P < 0.01). The changes in calcitonin concentrations were much more poorly correlated with the corresponding changes in serum gastrin levels; in fact, the regression coefficient was weakly negative, r = -0.20. These results show that, at least in young adult men, changes of ambient calcium concentration within the normal range may be of major importance in physiologic regulation of calcitonin secretion. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that calcitonin functions to prevent excessive postprandial hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Regulation of calcitonin secretion in normal man by changes of serum calcium within the physiologic range. 50 Aug 34

The ingestion of 2 different water loads (7.5 and 15 ml/kg) by healthy subjects stimulated the release of plasma motilin, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and VIP. Atropine was found to block the release of PP but not the other hormones.
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PMID:Release of gastrointestinal hormones following an oral water load. 51 May 7

1. The gastric and intestinal phases of gastric secretions were selectively evoked before and after the removal of the antral mucosa in four dogs provided with a special cannula that allowed complete separation of the stomach and duodenum without interrupting neural connexions between them. 2. The gastric phase induced by 5% liver extract meal administered into the stomach at various distension pressures (ranging from 0 to 15cm H2O) resulted in an increase in acid output to about 56% of the histamine maximum and in a marked rise in serum gastrin. 3. Following resection of the antral mucosa, the gastric acid response to meal of liver extract was reduced by about 50% and serum gastrin response was completely eliminated. Exogenous gastrin (G-17) given during the gastric phase induced by such a meal in dogs with antral mucosectomy failed to restore acid output to pre-resection level. 4. Intestinal perfusion of meal of liver extract in graded amounts stimulated gastric acid secretion to about 30% of histamine maximum acid output and raised significantly serum gastrin level. 5. Antral mucosectomy abolished almost completely both gastric acid and serum gastrin response to intestinal meal of liver extract. 6. Exogenous gastrin given during the intestinal meal of liver extract failed to restore acid output to the pre-resection level, suggesting that this procedure greatly reduced the secretory capacity of the oxyntic glands. 7. We conclude that the antral gland area plays an important role in the gastric phase and that it is a prerequisite for the intestinal phase of gastric secretion.
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PMID:Role of gastric antrum in gastric and intestinal phases of gastric secretion in dogs. 52 27

To elucidate the pathophysiological process of alcoholic pancreatitis, chronic alcohol intoxication was made in Wistar rats on balanced diet giving 20% ethanol freely for 60 weeks. The control rats received water. Histological picture of the pancreas, hormonal activity in the mucosa of upper digestive tract and the nature of pancreatic juice were examined in every 15th week. The results were as follows. 1) No histological changes were noted in the pancreas of control group. In the ethanol group, morphological abnormalities of the pancreas appeared after 30 weeks. Of the histological findings, the changes on the ductal system such as dilatation of pancreatic duct, plug formation in the ductal lumen and periductal fibrosis were significant. 2) The long term ethanol administration tended to decrease the amounts of gastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin contained in the gastrointestinal mucosa. 3) Regardless of the histological changes of the pancreas, almost no changes were noted in the bicarbonate and protein concentration during the experimental period of 60 weeks. From the above results, a mechanism obstructing pancreatic ductal system is considered to be important in the pancreatic lesions by alcohol rather than a mechanism of stimulating pancreatic exocrine secretion.
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PMID:Effect of long term alcohol feeding on the pancreas in rat. 57 18

Twelve patients with duodenal ulcers were each given on separate days and in random order an oral local anaesthetic (oxethazaine), an alkali (aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide), a combination of local anaesthetic and alkali (Mucaine), and a similar volume of water (control) followed one hour later by a solution of meat extract (Oxo). The effect of these treatments on serum gastrin levels was measured. None of the treatments altered the normal basal gastrin levels. The gastrin response to ingestion of protein extract was significantly lower in patients who had been pre-treated with local anaesthetic than those who had received alkali, with or without local anaesthetic, or water.
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PMID:The effect of oral local anaesthetic and alkali on basal and food-stimulated serum gastrin levels in patients with duodenal ulcer. 58 28

Using an in vitro system, the effect of gastrin on the colonic handling of water and electrolytes has been investigated. Gastrin converted the normal mucosal absorption of water and sodium into a net secretion. The colonic response to gastrin was done-related with respect to sodium, and the effects were greater when it was added to the serosal side. The potassium handling of the isolated colonic mucosa was not altered by gastrin. At a concentration of 800pg/ml, gastrin signficantly reduced the normal movement of sodium from mucosa to serosa (absorption) but significantly increased serosal to mucosal movement (secretion). This alteration in the bidirectional flux of ions under the influence of gastrin may be clinically important and could account in partt for the diarrhoea associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
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PMID:In vitro effects of gastrin on the movement of electrolytes across the human colon. 60 60

6 patients who have had a duodeno-pancreatectomy were starved and then given a test meal, to stimulate the serumgastrin which was measured by RIA. The fasting gastrin values were, by all the patients, in the lower range of the normal level (25-50 pg/ml). The stimulation with the meat-extract (25 g with 400 ml of water) did not lead to any significant raising of the fasting serum gastrin.
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PMID:[Serum gastrins after duodeno-pancreatectomy]. 61 86

Suspension of magnesium and aluminum hydroxide (30--60 mEq/24h) or a comparable volme of water was orally administered by gastric intubation to two groups of 20 male Wistar rats each over 60 days. The antacid treatment led to a significant increase in the height (0.464 +/- 0.02 mm v. 0.318 +/- 0.06) and in the volume (472 +/- 32 mm3v.328 +/- 45) of the fundic mucosa of the stomach, in the average count of parietal cells per unit area of the mucosa (32.37 +/- 1.8 v. 22.3 +/- 1.6), and in the total parietal cell population of the stomach (53.6 +/- 3.5 x 10(6) v. 43.2 +/- 3.7 x 10(6)). Furthermore fasting serum gastrin concentration was significantly higher in the antacid treated rats (81.2 +/- 7.4 pg/ml) than in control animals (56.9 +/- 6.9 pg/ml).
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PMID:Parietal cell hyperplasia induced by long-term administration of antacids to rats. 71 Sep 69


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