Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 21 female Beagle dogs an experimental pancreatitis was induced by injection of bile into the pancreatic duct system. Beside controls, dogs received 62.5 micrograms/h cyclic somatostatin (SRIF) a continuous i.v. infusion starting with a bolus of 250 micrograms 15 minutes before or 2 hours after bile injection. Following blood parameters were determined: lipase, amylase, blood count, minerals, glucose, insulin, gastrin, secretin and CCK. Two controls died within 24 hours, the others were sacrificed after 48 hours. All pancreata were examined morephologically. The controls developed all clinical signs of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, whereas all SRIF-treated dogs were in much better general condition. Lipase and amylase increased in all groups. In the controls insulin, gastrin and secretin remained unchanged and CCK rose slightly. SRIF-treatment diminished insulin, CCK and the test meal-induced increase of secretin. At autopsy the pancreata of the controls were nearly entirely apoplectic. The SRIF-treated dogs showed less damage of the pancreas and no severe hemorrhagic necrosis was noted. The beneficial effect of SRIF cannot only be due to an interaction with intestinal hormones. An additional direct protective effect on the exocrine parenchyma is proposed to exist.
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PMID:Effect of somatostatin on bile-induced acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the dog. 39 59

Effects of various forms of gastric surgery on gut hormones and pancreatic secretions were examined using canine models. These operative procedures included simple laparotomy (group A; n = 13), truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty (B; n = 17), selective proximal vagotomy (C; n = 17), proximal gastrectomy with pyloroplasty (D; n = 6), proximal gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (E; n = 7), and distal gastrectomy (F; n = 19). The mean fasting serum gastrin and secretin levels (pg/ml) were 71.0, 82.5 in A, 94.0, 97.7 in B, 62.1, 108.1 in C, 58.2, 123.0 in D, 91.2, 138.6 in E, and 50.9, 74.5 in F, respectively. The mean value of plasma pancreatic glucagon (pg/ml) showed 73.6, 109.9, 106.8, 47.2, 37.8, and 74.5 in each of the six groups. Significant correlations were observed between values of serum lipase and those of serum gastrin as well as between the amount of pancreatic secretions and serum secretin levels. Pancreatic secretions were decreased markedly in group F and moderately in B. Basal tissue blood flow measured by hydrogen clearance method was low in D, E, and F when compared with that in A.
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PMID:[Effects of various forms of gastric surgery on gut hormones and pancreatic secretions]. 194 82

The effect of intraduodenally administered cattle bile (CB) and Na-taurodeoxycholate (TDC) on basal pancreatic secretion and plasma levels of secretin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and gastrin were investigated on two separate days in 10 fasting volunteers. Doses of 2-6 g CB and 200-600 mg TDC were given intraduodenally at 65-min intervals. Volume, bicarbonate, lipase, trypsin, amylase, and bilirubin were measured in 10-min fractions of duodenal juice, and GI peptides determined by radioimmunoassay. CB and TDC enhanced significantly and dose-dependently volume, bicarbonate and enzyme secretion, and plasma secretin and PP levels. In contrast, plasma gastrin showed only a marginal increase. We conclude that the hydrokinetic effect of intraduodenal CB and TDC is at least partially mediated by secretin. Gastrin could be ruled out as a mediator of the ecbolic effect, whereas other GI peptides, primarily CCK, and/or neural mechanisms must be considered possible mediators. Both pathways may also play a role in the PP release observed.
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PMID:Effect of intraduodenal bile and Na- taurodeoxycholate on exocrine pancreatic secretion and on plasma levels of secretin, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastrin in man. 230 5

The effect of a milk substitute diet containing concentrated soya protein on secretory functions of the abomasum and pancreas and on plasma concentrations of gut hormones and soya antibodies was studied. Sixteen calves aged 12-19 weeks were given a milk substitute in which a major part of the protein source was either soya concentrate (soya diet) or skim milk (control diet). The soya diet was prepared by hot aqueous ethanol extraction of soya bean meal to remove oligosaccharides and inactivate antigenic constituents. Circulatory IgG antibodies against soya proteins were found in all of the calves when they were 16 weeks of age. Their titres increased slightly between 16 and 19 weeks, irrespective of the diet. It seems unlikely that the presence of these antibodies was related specifically to the feeding of the soya concentrate. At slaughter the weight of the gastric mucosa and pancreas and quantities of pancreatic protein together with specific activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were significantly lower (17, 20, 16, 30 and 36%, respectively) with the soya diet. The quantities of enzymes in the gastric mucosa or the specific activity of pancreatic amylase were not affected, whereas that of lipase increased by 26%. Total enzyme activities as well as units per kg live weight gave significant differences only for trypsin and chymotrypsin which were reduced by 43 and 38%, respectively. With the soya diet, fasting concentrations of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and secretin in plasma samples were significantly lower (49 and 34%, respectively). Values of GIP were also lower (54%) 1 h after feeding. In contrast, postprandial values of cholecystokinin (CCK) were 1.4 times greater. No significant differences were found between the two diets for gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), somatostatine and motilin. In general these observations could be explained, in part, by the more rapid passage of protein and fat from the abomasum to the duodenum following feeds containing soya concentrate. However, these differences in concentrations of gut hormones did not seem to be related to variations in the weights of gastric mucosa and pancreas or activities of pancreatic enzymes.
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PMID:Effect of soya protein on digestive enzymes, gut hormone and anti-soya antibody plasma levels in the preruminant calf. 242 2

Obstructive jaundice was produced in rats by ligation and transection of bile duct outside the liver; the control group underwent laparotomy alone. Pancreatic wet weight, amylase, lipase, protein, DNA, RNA, RNA/DNA ratio, and weight/100 micrograms DNA were significantly increased in jaundiced rats when compared to control rats. Histologic evaluation of pancreatic tissue obtained from jaundiced rats revealed the appearance of large or multiple nuclei in pancreatic acinar cells. Basal plasma levels of immunoreactive CCK were significantly increased in jaundiced rats at two weeks and four weeks but, when compared to the levels obtained in laparotomized controls at those time intervals, CCK levels were not significantly different. In jaundiced rats, plasma immunoreactive gastrin was found to be significantly decreased at two and four weeks. Plasma gastrin levels were also found significantly decreased when the jaundiced group was compared with laparotomized control group. The results suggest that obstructive jaundice induced enlargement of the pancreas, probably due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pancreatic cells. Whether or not this phenomenon is related to changes in gastrin and CCK is not known.
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PMID:Influence of obstructive jaundice on pancreatic growth and on basal plasma levels of cholecystokinin and gastrin in rats. 242 6

This study was performed to investigate adaptive changes of the exocrine pancreas occurring after distal gastric resection by different procedures: Billroth I (BI) and Billroth II (BII). Sixty-four male Wistar rats were used and divided into four groups: controls (n = 16), sham-operated (n = 16), BI (n = 16) and BII (n = 16) subtotal gastric resection. Both procedures of subtotal gastric resection showed an organotrophic effect on the pancreas after 2 weeks: pancreatic weight in BI- and BII-operated rats increased by 23 and 35% and DNA content by 36 and 27%, respectively, compared to controls (p less than 0.001). After 4 weeks a further increase in pancreatic weight (46%), DNA content (52%) and protein content (58%) was found in BII rats. Trypsin and amylase content were increased in BI rats after 2 weeks (p less than 0.01). No parallel changes were observed in the enzyme content of BII rats as trypsin increased by over 200%, amylase by over 100% and lipase remained unaffected. Hormonal studies were carried out in 36 rats divided into groups as above. Basal and stimulated plasma levels of gastrin were reduced (p less than 0.01) following both types of subtotal gastric resection (p less than 0.01). Basal cholecystokinin (CCK) plasma levels did not differ between operated and control rats. Following the test meal CCK plasma levels were significantly increased after BII gastric resection (p less than 0.001) and BI gastric resection (p less than 0.01) compared to controls.
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PMID:Adaptive changes of the exocrine pancreas and plasma cholecystokinin release following subtotal gastric resection in rats. 245 Jul 98

Oral pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy generally benefits patients with severe pancreatic deficiency. However, the fate of oral pancreatic supplements in the digestive lumen and their possible effects on circulating gut hormones are only partially known. The purpose of this article is to validate an experimental model that produces total pancreatic insufficiency in pigs, and to study the fate of orally administered Eurobiol, a whole pancreas lyophilized preparation, and its effects on circulating plasma levels of five digestive hormones. Pancreatic insufficiency was created by pancreatic duct ligation, and the duodenal, jejunal and ileal contents were sampled through cannulas before a normal meal and 0.5-24 h later. Blood samples were taken at the same times, and plasma neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and gastrin were measured. In pigs with pancreatic insufficiency, Eurobiol, given during the meal, induced a significant increase in all enzyme activities in the duodenum and the jejunum, and in the levels of amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in the ileum, relative to placebo. In the duodenum, the peak concentrations of enzyme activities were 19, 11, 17, and 29% (p less than 0.001) of the postprandial peak activities measured in control pigs with an intact pancreas for lipase, amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin, respectively. In the jejunum, the same activities were, respectively, 30, 11, 25, and 36% (p less than 0.01-0.001) of normal peaks. In pigs with pancreatic insufficiency, basal and integrated meal-stimulated neurotensin levels were increased; basal, peak, and integrated meal-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide and secretin levels were increased, whereas gastrin and CCK were not different from controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Total pancreatic insufficiency in pigs: a model to study intestinal enzymes and plasma levels of digestive hormones after pancreatic supplementation by a whole pancreas preparation. 247 98

In rats, total gastrectomy (TG) has been shown to induce pancreatic hyperplasia and increased tissue concentrations of pancreatic trypsin and amylase, whereas lipase concentration was decreased. We performed total gastrectomy with the additional insertion of a duodenal tube in 17 rats. A central venous catheter was placed after 3 wk. The control groups consisted of sham-operated rats with a gastrotomy plus duodenal tube and a group of rats with only a duodenal tube. The rats received meal stimulation with a 6 mL liquid diet (3 mL oil, 2 mL amino acid solution, and 1 mL glucose) via duodenal tube upon recuperation. Blood samples were taken before as well as 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the meal and analyzed for insulin, pancreatic glucagon, gastrin, and CCK by specific RIA techniques. Glucose tolerance was found to be impaired after total gastrectomy. Though insulin release was delayed compared to the controls, the integrated postprandial output was unchanged. The pancreatic glucagon release after the meal increased 83% in TG rats, compared to control rats. The baseline and postprandial gastrin values diminished 70% compared to control animals. Neither group exhibited a postprandial increase in gastrin levels. TG led to an increased postprandial CCK output of 72% compared to controls. The trophic changes of rat exocrine pancreas following total gastrectomy, therefore, could be based on an elevated postprandial release of CCK.
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PMID:Cholecystokinin influences pancreatic trophism following total gastrectomy in rats. 266 36

The effect of three concentrations of high-methoxy apple pectin (5, 10, and 15 g), on solid-liquid meal digestion was studied in 12 healthy men by the gastrointestinal intubation technique. The gastric emptying of water and carbohydrates is significantly reduced only after 10 and 15 g pectin. The changes in gastric pH are similar for pectin-free and pectin-containing meals. Cumulative lipase and trypsin outputs are not significantly different with and without pectin. When gastric uronic acid concentration is above 6 g/l, the duodenal absorption of carbohydrates is significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). The mean blood glucose levels with 10 and 15 g pectin are significantly higher than the control values at 180 min (p less than 0.05). Pectin does not modify serum concentrations of secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and somatostatin but serum motilin and gastrin levels are below the control values after high fiber meal.
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PMID:Effect of increased amounts of pectin on a solid-liquid meal digestion in healthy man. 286 75

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study therapeutic doses of synthetic secretin (0.5 CU/kg/h) and somatostatin (3.5 micrograms/kg/h) given an intravenous infusion suppressed significantly peptone-stimulated gastric acid output per 3 h in nine male healthy subjects from 59.2 +/- 7.4 mmol H+ (placebo) to 16.9 +/- 3.1 and 6.6 +/- 1.5 mmol H+, respectively. Peptone-stimulated gastrin release was reduced to basal concentrations by both hormones. In five subjects secretin raised serum lipase to pathological concentrations. Somatostatin diminished significantly mean blood glucose concentrations. Both had opposite renal effects; secretin showed diuretic and somatostatin antidiuretic properties. Secretin and somatostatin were well tolerated. It is concluded from these data that therapeutic doses of secretin and somatostatin are comparably effective on exocrine and endocrine gastric functions, but have opposite effects on renal functions in man.
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PMID:Pharmacological effects of secretin and somatostatin on gastric and renal function in man. 289 48


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