Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The endopeptidase, post-proline cleaving enzyme, has been purified 10,500-fold in an overall yield of 18% from lamb kidney. The enzyme possesses a specific activity of 45 mumol/mg/min as tested with the substrate Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly (Km = 6.0 X 10(-5)), has a molecular weight of 115,000, is comprised of two subunits with a molecular weight of 57,000, and exhibits maximal activity at pH 7.5 to 8.0. With the exception of the -Pro-Pro linkage, the -Pro-X-peptide bond (X equals L- and D-amino acid residues) located internally in the peptide sequence can be hydrolyzed (cleavage occurs faster when X = lipophilic side chain as compared to X = acidic side chain). The appropriate -Pro-X- bonds in zinc-free porcine insulin, oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II, bradykinin-potentiating factor were cleaved. Human gastrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, denatured guinea pig skin collagen, and ascaris cuticle collagen were not degraded. Dipeptides with the structure Z-Pro-LD-X competitively inhibit post-proline cleaving enzyme.
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PMID:Post-proline cleaving enzyme. Purification of this endopeptidase by affinity chromatography. 1 73

Intraruminal administration of zinc sulphate at 100 and 200 mg Zn/kg bodyweight resulted in central and peripheral effects in sheep. Feed intake was reduced, pH of the duodenal contents elevated and the secretion of acid from isolated pouches of the abomasum doubled. Suggested explanations include a local inhibitory effect of zinc on abomasal acid secretion elevating duodenal pH and a resultant increased release of gastrin stimulating secretion from the pouches.
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PMID:Effects of intraruminal administration of zinc on gastric acid secretion in sheep. 2 16

Adult rats were rendered diabetic by a single iv injection of streptozotocin (70 or 75 mg/kg). In these rats, serum insulin fell to minimal levels during the 48 h following drug treatment, and this was roughly paralleled by a progressive decrease in the ability of the lung to oxidize glucose. The addition of insulin to diabetic rat lung slices in vitro had no restorative effect on the depressed glucose oxidative rate during a 2 h incubation period; however, two daily treatments of the rats with 1 unit of protamine, zinc insulin completely restored lung glucose oxidation rate to normal, without significantly reducing the hyperglycemic state of the rats. An examination of the temporal changes in glucose utilization by the rat lung after acute insulin treatment revealed that the diabetic lung responded directly to serum levels of insulin, whereas the normal lung appeared to be unaffected by serum insulin levels as hihg as 87 ng/ml. The reduced rate of glucose oxidation in the diabetic lung was apparent after perfusion of the lung with glucose-free medium, and was characterized by a significant reduction in Vmax without an alteration in Km. This was attended by a depressed ability of the lung to incorporate [3H]leucine into protein and an increased ability to produce lactate, but hexose monophosphate shunt activity was normal. Specific receptors for insulin have been identified and partially characterized in crude membrane preparations of normal rat lung. The interaction of insulin with these receptors was rapid, reversible, saturable, and was dependent upon time and temperature. The binding of labeled insulin was inhibited by low concentrations of unlabeled insulin and by high concentrations of proinsulin, whereas it was unaffected by the presence of glucagon, gastrin, prolactin, ACTH, or growth hormone in microgram amounts. These observations suggest that insulin regulates the transport and utilization of glucose in the rat lung, and that this tissue contains specific receptors for insulin.
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PMID:Pulmonary insulin responsivitiy: in vivo effects of insulin on the diabetic rat lung and specific insulin binding to lung receptors in normal rats. 14 46

Binding of 125I-[Nle15]gastrin to albumin purified from porcine serum, from porcine gastric mucosal cytosol, and from bovine serum has been demonstrated by covalent cross-linking and ultracentrifugation. Binding was enhanced in the presence of Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, and Cd2+, but not Ca2+, Mg2+, or Mn2+. The best fit to the binding data for bovine serum albumin was obtained with a model assuming two nonequivalent binding sites. The affinity of both sites for gastrin was increased in the presence of 100 microM Zn2+ or Ni2+ ions. The highest association constant observed was 2.3 X 10(5) M-1 in the presence of 100 microM Zn2+ ions. The similarity of the Zn(2+)-dependence of binding for bovine and porcine serum albumins, despite the replacement of His3 by Tyr, suggested that the N-terminal metal ion-binding site was not involved. Although all gastrin affinities were reduced by 50% in the presence of 150 mM NaCl, the Zn(2+)-dependence of binding was retained. We therefore propose that the ternary complex of gastrin, Zn2+ ions, and albumin may play a physiological role in the serum transport of Zn2+ ions and in the uptake of Zn2+ ions from the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Metal ion-dependent binding of gastrin to albumin. 195 45

The authors report here the results of prospective clinic study on 108 cases of the early stage of Gan-Zheng (infantile malnutrition) in children. It was proved that professor Zhan Qisun's tested recipe Sheng-Zhang-Ling(SZL) had an obvious effect in treating children with early stage of Gan-Zheng. The total effective rate was 90.2%, and the significantly effective rate was 60.79%. Various symptoms of patients using this prescription disappeared or improved. The increase of body weight, height and subcutaneous fat of these patients was faster than those of the blank control group and the group using zinc sulfate. The difference was statistically significant among those three groups. It was indicated that effects of the SZL group were not caused by children's natural growth and development. There was an obvious advantage over the zinc sulfate group with regard to clinical effects, side effects and total synthetic effects. It was concluded SZL is an effective prescription for curing patients with early stage of Gan-Zheng and stimulating children's growth and development. Hemoglobin, D-xylose in urine, serum gastrin, serum zinc ion were detected before and after the treatment. It was suggested that SZL had the effects to stimulate gastrointestinal secretion and absorption, to improve digestive function, to increase serum zinc ion and to cure anemia.
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PMID:[Early stage of gan-zheng in children treated with sheng-zhang-Ling]. 239 42

Experimental studies located carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the parietal cells close to secretory canaliculi, in superficial epithelial cells and gastric microvasculature. The role of CA is CO2 hydration resulting H+ for acid secretion and conversion of OH into HCO3-. Our studies showed that the physiological secretagogue histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin are all CA activators, achieving potentiating interactions. Catecholamines are also strong enzymatic activators. Beside sulfonamides, other CA inhibitors are anticholinergics, PGE and PGI2, some calcium channel blockers, alpha 2- and beta 1-adrenoceptor blockers and Zn2+. Cytoprotective properties of CA inhibitors gained experimental evidence in the past years. These effects could be based on increase of gastric mucosal blood flow, proved experimentally, which might be mediated by increase of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis and sulfhydryls and, respectively, motility changes. The unique combination of strong antisecretory effect with the cytoprotective action explain the outstanding clinical efficacy of CA inhibitors in the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
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PMID:Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: antisecretory and cytoprotective properties. 251 64

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three common divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+) on the release of cholecystokinin (CCK-33), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and gastrin. Five dogs with pancreatic and gastric fistulas were given 1-h intraduodenal infusions of calcium (5 mmol X kg-1 X h-1), magnesium (4 mmol X kg-1 X h-1), or zinc (1 mmol X kg-1h-1). At another time the same dogs were given an intravenous bolus followed immediately by a 1-h infusion of calcium (0.36 mmol/kg [bolus], 0.36 mmol X kg-1 X h-1), magnesium (0.25 mmol/kg [bolus], 0.25 mmol X kg-1 X h-1), or zinc (0.03 mmol/kg [bolus], 0.03 mmol X kg-1 X h-1). Intraduodenal infusions of calcium, magnesium, and zinc significantly stimulated CCK-33, PP, and gastrin release. Intravenous calcium stimulated CCK-33, PP, and gastrin release to 245, 193, and 155% of basal levels, respectively. Intravenous magnesium increased CCK-33 to 123% of basal levels but did not stimulate PP and gastrin levels. Intravenous zinc stimulated release of CCK-33, PP, and gastrin to 126, 185, and 124%, respectively. This study shows that calcium, magnesium, and zinc can stimulate release of CCK-33, PP, and gastrin in much the same manner. We suggest that these cations may have a nonspecific electrical action that results in an alteration of membrane permeability, which leads to release of gastrointestinal hormones.
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PMID:Effect of divalent cations on gastrointestinal hormone release and exocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs. 396 59

The effect of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ), caerulein, and the C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin on pancreatic secretion of fluid, electrolyte, amylase, and protein was studied in anaesthetized dogs prepared with pancreatic fistulae. Against background stimulation of fluid secretion with submaximal doses of secretin, all the polypeptides produced a qualitatively similar pancreatic response, causing a highly significant increase in amylase, protein, calcium, and zinc concentrations. Magnesium concentration was significantly increased only when the concentration preceding the administration of the peptide was below 100 mu-equiv/l. Octa-CCK-PZ was 13-35 times and 20-56 times more potent than tetragastrin on weight and molar bases, respectively, as a stimulant of amylase secretion. The threshold doses were largest for amylase, lower for calcium, and lowest for zinc. A significant linear correlation was observed between amylase and calcium concentration, zinc and protein concentration, and magnesium and calcium concentration. The peptides produced some increase in secretin-induced volume flow, whereas bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, and potassium concentrations remained unchanged. The direct relation between bicarbonate concentration and flow rate was limited to rates below 1.5 ml/5 minutes. At higher rates bicarbonate and chloride concentration reached a high and low plateau, respectively, although the first five-min sample of pancreatic juice after secretin stimulation exhibited a relatively low bicarbonate and high chloride concentration compared with its voluminous flow. Chloride concentration varied inversely with bicarbonate concentration, the sum of the two anions being constant.
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PMID:The action of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin and related peptides on pancreatic exocrine secretion. 474 91

Fifteen male Holstein X Frisian calves, weighing 65 +/- 3 kg and fed a milk replacer twice daily were fitted with a return cannula loop, chronically implanted at 10 days of age in the pancreatic duct, were used. In six successive experiments we have observed the influence of an intravenous infusion of secretin, cholecystokinin pancreozymin (CCK-PZ), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), glucagon, gastrin and somatostatin on pancreatic juice flow rate, and on the excretion of proteins, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, zinc and amylase activity of pancreatic juice. In two other experiments, we have studied the interaction of secretin (or CCK-PZ) with somatostatin (SRIF). Each experiment was performed 5 h after calves feeding and no milk was given to the animals during the time of sampling. Our results indicate that the endocrine regulation of the exocrine pancreas in young calves is similar to that described in other mammals. Secretin and CCK-PZ increased significantly excretion of water, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, zinc, proteins and amylase activity. Somatostatin and glucagon inhibited effects observed with two precedent hormones. Gastrin increased pancreatic juice flow rate but excretion of protein and amylase activity do not varied significantly. VIP showed no significant effect on pancreatic excretion of water, minerals, proteins and amylase activity. However, our animals seem to be characterized by a more intense excretion of proteins and amylase in the pancreatic juice following secretin than after CCK-PZ infusion.
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PMID:The endocrine regulation of exocrine pancreas in preruminant milk-fed calves. 610 15

We investigated the effect of the zinc-cimetidine complex on the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. When the effects of test drugs were assessed on the 15th day after acetic acid injection, the zinc-cimetidine complex at oral doses of 15.0 (11.4 mg as cimetidine), 30.0 and 60.0 mg/kg twice daily promoted the ulcer healing in a dose-dependent manner. Cimetidine was effective at oral doses of over 45.4 mg/kg twice daily. ZnCl2 was ineffective on all ulcer parameters. The effect of the combination of cimetidine and ZnCl2 was similar to that of cimetidine alone. The zinc-cimetidine complex had already inhibited the increase in thiobarbituric acid reactants in the ulcerated region before the ulcer-healing effect of this compound was recognized. A single oral administration of the complex at 15 and 30 mg/kg to normal rats was ineffective in inhibiting acid secretion and in increasing serum gastrin levels, although cimetidine was markedly effective on both parameters. These results indicate that the zinc-cimetidine complex at about 1/4 the dose of cimetidine was as effective as cimetidine when the ulcer-healing effects of both compounds were compared with the same dose of cimetidine. In addition, the ulcer-healing effect of this complex may be due, at least in part, to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation but not due to the inhibition of acid secretion or the trophic effect of gastrin.
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PMID:Healing-promoting action of the zinc-cimetidine complex on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. 747 52


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