Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four female and five male patients (mean age 26 years) with hyperlipoproteinaemia type II A were treated with an anion exchange gel (Secholex) 9 g/day for 3 months and 15 g/day for 9 months. After these 12 months clofibrate 1.5 g/day was added to the therapy in 6 patients, whereas 2 patients continued with the resin alone for another 6 months, and one was withdrawn from the trial because of pregnancy. During the first year plasma cholesterol decreased averagely 18% from a mean pretreatment value of 461 mg/100 ml. Dosis of 9 g/day seemed to be as efficient as 15 g/day. When clofibrate was added, a further decrease of plasma cholesterol by 6% was observed, and the levels of triglycerides were reduced. Significantly increased concentrations of bile acids and a rise in the glycine/taurine ratio in duodenal aspirate were caused by the resin. On combined treatment the concentration of bile acids decreased to the pretreatment values, whereas the glycine/taurine ratio remained unchanged. During the trial slight transient changes in serum folic acid, fasting insulin, calcium, alkaline phosphatases, and vitamin B 12-absorption occurred. No changes in serum vitamin A, vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors, serum gastrin, gastric acid output, the absorption of glucose and iron, and faecal excretion of fat were observed. Serum insulin 30 and 60 minutes after an oral glucose loading decreased in the patients on combined treatment, whereas the insulin response remained normal in patients taking Secholex alone. Liver function tests and creatinine were unchanged during the trial. Apart from transient abdominal discomfort in two patients, no side-effects were discovered. The patients found the gel palatable.
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PMID:Effect of treatment with a bile-sequestering agent (Secholex) on intestinal absorption, duodenal bile acids, and plasma lipids. 17 15

A 73 year old woman was hospitalized for recurrent occult gastrointestinal bleeding. She had been treated with iron replacement for a microcytic anemia at the age of 67 years remaining on iron and was well until 1989, when she again was hospitalized with symptomatic anemia (hemoglobin 5.4 9um/dl). Urea, electrolytes, liver function, serum vitamin B12 and red cell folate tests were normal. The gastrointestinal blood loss continued, and she became dependent on transfusions, receiving 60 unites of blood over the course of a year. Investigation confirmed iron deficiency with occult blood loss, and showed antibodies to gastric parietal cells, with a title of 1:160. At gastroscopy a series of longitudinally arrayed red streaks were seen radiating to the pylorus, the typical appearances of antral vascular ectasia or watermelon stomach. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically. Prednisolone therapy, initially at a dose of 30 mg, successfully stopped the bleeding and other drugs were withdrawn except from carbimazole and tolbutamide. Prednisolone also restored the gastric acid secretion to normal (basal acid output 2.7 mEq/hour, peak acid output 14 mEq/hour) with a corresponding fall in gastrin to 70 pg/ml. However, prednisolone caused hyperglycemia even at a reduced dose of 10 mg/day. It was replaced by a standard estrogen-progesterone pill (loestrin 30) containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 1.5 mg of norethisterone taken daily for 3 weeks each month. After an endoscopic antral biopsy she received 4 units of blood, but otherwise maintained her hemoglobin concentration on iron alone over this period with a considerable reduction in gastrointestinal bleeding.
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PMID:Gastric antral vascular ectasia: maintenance treatment with oestrogen-progesterone. 161 93

After proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole) became available, discussions about safety aspects of (particularly long-term) inhibition of gastric acid secretion have been renewed. In contrast to animals, hypergastrinaemia does not seem to be a relevant problem in man: marginal increases of serum gastrin during proton pump inhibition may induce proliferation of gastric endocrine ("enterochromaffin-like"; ECL-) cells in some cases which are without clinical importance, the risk for development of gastric carcinoids seems negligible if existent at all. Other aspects of acid inhibition (e.g. protein malabsorption, diminished iron and cobalamin absorption, bacterial overgrowth of the stomach, risk of gastric cancer) do also not appear to be of clinical relevance. However, data from larger numbers of patients on long-term therapy with proton pump inhibitors should be available until such treatment can be generally recommended.
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PMID:[Reduction of gastric acid secretion: pathophysiologic and clinically relevant sequelae]. 168 86

The sedimentation behavior of 125I-labeled gastrin has been studied as a function of Fe3+ ion concentration and pH. Both sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium experiments indicated that high-molecular-weight Fe3+-gastrin complexes were formed at pH 5.0 and pH 7.4. Self-association of gastrin alone was observed at pH values below 5.0. 125I-labeled gastrin bound to human serum apotransferrin at pH 7.4. Scatchard analysis of the gastrin-apotransferrin complex gave a Kd of approximately 6.4 microM at 37 degrees C, with two binding sites per molecule of apotransferrin. No significant binding of gastrin to diferric transferrin was observed under the same conditions. The binding of gastrin to apotransferrin was inhibited by NaCl. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that gastrin and transferrin act synergistically in the uptake of dietary iron by the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Interaction of gastrin with transferrin: effects of ferric ions. 337 11

Binding of 125I-gastrin to porcine gastric transferrin has been demonstrated by covalent cross-linking with disuccinimidyl suberate. The concentration of gastrin required to reduce cross-linking by 50% was approx. 100 microM. The occurrence of both gastrin and gastric transferrin in porcine gastric mucosa and lumen suggests a novel synergistic role for the observed interaction in the uptake of dietary iron.
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PMID:Binding of gastrin to gastric transferrin. 374 68

The ratio of pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II in the circulation decreases progressively with increasing severity of atrophic gastritis of the fundic gland mucosa. Fasting blood was obtained from 359 free-living and institutionalized elderly people (age range, 60 to 99 years). A pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio less than 2.9, indicating atrophic gastritis, was found in 113 (31.5%) subjects. The prevalence of atrophic gastritis increased significantly with advancing age (P less than .05). Within the atrophic gastritis group, 84 had a pepsinogen I level greater than or equal to 20 micrograms/L, indicating mild to moderate atrophic gastritis, and 29 had a pepsinogen I level less than 20 micrograms/L, indicating severe atrophic gastritis or gastric atrophy. A significant increase in the prevalences of elevated serum gastrin levels (P less than .005), low serum vitamin B12 levels (P less than .005), circulating intrinsic factor antibody (P less than .005), and anemia (P less than .025) was observed with stepwise increases in severity of atrophic gastritis. Subjects with atrophic gastritis exhibited a lower mean serum vitamin B12 level (P less than .05) and a higher mean folate level (P less than .05), but no difference was detected in mean hemoglobin levels or serum levels of iron, ferritin, retinol or alpha-tocopherol. It is concluded that serum pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II levels can be used to determine the prevalence and severity of atrophic gastritis, that atrophic gastritis is common in an elderly population, and that atrophic gastritis is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia. Further, higher folate levels in atrophic gastritis may be related to an accumulation of 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate in serum due to vitamin B12 deficiency and/or greater folate synthesis by the intestinal flora resulting from bacterial overgrowth secondary to hypo- or achlorhydria.
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PMID:Fundic atrophic gastritis in an elderly population. Effect on hemoglobin and several serum nutritional indicators. 377 80

In this study we have investigated the mucin profile and the endocrine cell population in gastric endoscopic biopsies from 22 patients affected by chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia and in five surgical specimens of stomachs removed because of intestinal-type carcinoma (4) or peptic ulcer (1). High iron diamine-Alcian blue (HID-Ab) staining and peptide immunocytochemistry (peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique) were used. Forty-one foci of intestinal metaplasia were detected, 15 produced sulphomucins and 26 sialomucins. Of the endocrine cells investigated, gastrin and somatostatin cells were the most frequently observed, while cholecystokinin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide-, secretin- and enteroglucagon-containing cells were also found in the metaplastic areas, but less frequently. No significant correlation was found between the type of mucin and the types of endocrine cells present, the latter usually resembling those normally found in the small intestine. On the basis of these results we conclude that intestinal metaplasia involves mucin- and peptide-producing cells of the stomach in a variable manner, with no correlation between the two.
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PMID:Endocrine cells in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. 615 74

A 72-year-old female gave a history of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss necessitating transfusion with over 90 units of blood despite continuous oral iron therapy over a period of 24 years. Gastroscopic appearances were very similar to those recently described by Lewis and by Wheeler in patients with submucosal angiomatous lesions and chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. Striking erythematous streaks radiated from the pylorus and were confined to the antrum. In our case complete achlorhydria to pentagastrin was associated with low serum and antral gastrin concentrations. The introduction of oral prednisolone was followed by a marked fall in the rate of gastrointestinal blood loss, removing the need for transfusion during the following year. Complete achlorhydria persisted and endoscopic appearances remained unchanged, but there was a marked rise in antral and serum gastrin concentrations. The possible modes of action of prednisolone in this case are discussed. The patient remains well in November 1979. The dose of prednisolone was reduced to 10 mg on alternate days in May 1979. Iron supplements have been continued but no transfusion has been required since the start of steroid therapy. The hemoglobin has gradually risen to 14.9 g/dl.
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PMID:Antral vascular lesion, achlorhydria, and chronic gastrointestinal blood loss: response to steroids. 696 12

In the past decade, over 1000 continuous human cell lines have been established from lung cancer biopsy specimens. Numerous growth factors and receptors have been identified in the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. SCLC is a neuroendocrine tumor which contains numerous peptides, including bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide (BN/GRP), and receptors. High levels of GRP mRNA and immunoreactivity are present in SCLC cells. The secretion rate of GRP from SCLC cells is increased by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which elevates the intracellular cAMP. GRP binds to cell surface receptors, elevates cytosolic calcium and stimulates the growth of SCLC cells. Additional SCLC growth factors include insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and transferrin. IGF-I mRNA and protein is present in SCLC. IGF-I binds with high affinity to SCLC cells and stimulates tyrosine kinase activity and growth. Transferrin is also present in SCLC cells. Transferrin binds with high affinity to SCLC cells and stimulates iron transport and growth. Synthetic peptide antagonists and monoclonal antibodies have been identified which disrupt autocrine growth pathways and inhibit SCLC growth.
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PMID:Growth factor and peptide receptors in small cell lung cancer. 838 84

Age and close living conditions are known to be risk factors for the acquisition of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. It is unknown whether institutionalization of asymptomatic, elderly subjects is an additional risk factor and whether gastric function and nutritional status are affected by the HP infection. The study sample comprised 102 subjects over 65 years of age: 52 living in a nursing home and 50 at home. No subject had symptoms or previous pathology related to the upper digestive tract. In all subjects, serum levels of specific anti-HP antibodies were determined. Gastric function was evaluated by levels of pepsinogen A (PGA), pepsinogen C (PGC) and gastrin. The nutritional status of the subject was evaluated by measuring: albumin, haemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, vitamin B12, and folic acid in blood, and body mass index and mid-arm muscle area. The prevalence of anti-HP antibodies was 86.5% in institutionalized subjects (men: 100%; women:76.6%, p <0.05) and 82.0% in subjects living at home (men:86.3%; women:76.3%). No differences between the two groups were observed in levels of serum anti-HP antibodies and PGC was identified. In neither group were differences observed between serum positive (HP + ve) and negative (HP - ve) subjects with respect to the biohumoral and anthropometric indices of nutritional status. We conclude: (1) the seroprevalence of the HP infection was high (82-86%) in asymptomatic elderly patients living either at home or in an institution; (2) the presence of specific IgG anti-HP antibodies in asymptomatic elderly individuals, at home or in a nursing home, was not associated with changes in PGA levels in institutionalized subjects; (3) nutritional indices were not influenced by the presence of anti-HP antibodies.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic elderly subjects living at home or in a nursing home: effects on gastric function and nutritional status. 867 May 62


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