Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

L-asparaginase (140,000 units) infused into the hepatic artery resulted in a remission from disabling hypoglycaemia for nine months in a man with islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas and hepatic metastases. The tumour produced insulin and gastrin with resulting hypoglycaemia and recurrent peptic ulceration which were unresponsive to other drugs. Following L-asparaginase there was a fall in both plasma and insulin and gastrin.
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PMID:Prolonged control of hypoglycaemia by L-asparaginase in islet cell carcinoma producing insulin and gastrin. 17 39

Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed for two subsequent days in 4 patients with active acromegaly, 2 patients with prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas and one insulinoma patient. Thirty minutes before the second OGTT 250 mug of somatostatin were injected intravenously as a bolus followed by a somatostatin infusion (500 mug) over 21/2 hours. The OGTTs were pathologic due to the hGH- and hPRL-induced insulin antagonism; they could not be normalized or improved by somatostatin. Only the peak of the blood sugar curve was shifted from one to two and a half hours after glucose administration; insulin and hGH levels were regularly suppressed after somatostatin whereas hPRL remained unchanged in most instances. Gastrin levels increased in all patients during the OGTT, the increase was suppressed in 4 patients. These findings show that the pathologic glucose tolerance due to insulin antagonism could not be improved by somatostatin in contrast to the deteriorated glucose tolerance in insulinopenic states.
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PMID:[Influence of somatastatin on oral glucose tolerance in autonomous hypersecretion of growth hormone, prolactin or insulin (author's transl)]. 17 8

The parathyrin receptor in renal cortex has been investigated by studying the binding of 125I-labelled parathyrin, or of unlabelled parathyrin detected with 125I-labelled antibodies, to a partially purified plasma membrane fraction. The kinetics of hormone uptake demonstrated a biphasic response in both systems at 22 degrees C but this phenomenon was not detectable at 37 degrees C. Specific displacement of lactoperoxidase labelled 125I-labelled parathyrin occurred with 8 ng unlabelled bovine parathyrin. The apparent affinity constant was 2.3-10(8) M(-1) and the apparent binding capacity of the membranes 1.25 pmol/mg protein. Using the labelled antibody technique the receptor showed maximal binding at pH 7.0-7.5. As little as 80 pg bovine parathyrin produced a significant increase in binding of labelled anti-bovine parathyrin antibody and saturation of binding sites was demonstrated at 2.5 pmol/mg protein. Oxidized hormone showed undetectable binding. Treatment of membranes with phospholipases A or D, or Trypsin greatly reduced subsequent hormone binding. Prior incubation of membranes with 1-34 synthetic parathyrin decreased the binding of intact hormone whereas gastrin, insulin and glucagon had no effect. Growth hormone and calcitonin slightly increased parathyrin binding.
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PMID:Characterization of the parathyrin receptor in renal plasma membranes by labelled hormone and labelled antibody binding techniques. 17 66

The insulin response to oral glucose, tolbutamide, arginine, pancreozymin and cerulein was studied in a group of subjects with insuloma and a group of normal control subjects. The same parameters were studied in a small number of cases after administration of secretin and gastrin. The glucagon response (IRG) to arginine, pancreozymin and cerulein was also studied. In subjects with insulomas plasma IRI values after oral glucose, tolbutamide and pancreozymin, starting from elevated basal levels, reached high absolute levels though the increase above basal levels did not differ significantly from normal. After cerulein plasma IRI values increased in some insuloma patients but not in normal subjects. After arginine the plasma IRI increase above basal levels was significantly lower than normal in patients with insulomas. The glucagon response to arginine was normal in the patients with insulomas; these patients showed a clearcut glucagon response to cerulein and a very irregular response after pancreozymin.
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PMID:Response of islet cell tumors to enterohormones. 17 27

The presence and development of immunoreactive gastrin (IRGa) in the fetal and neonatal pancreas and pyloric antrum of the rat were studied. IRGa appeared in both organs at least as early as the 16th day of fetal life. Antral IRGa increased rapidly and continuously in the neonatal period, while pancreatic IRGa concentration increased and was maintained at a relatively constant level from days 5 to 35. Monolayer cell cultures of the neonatal rat pancreas were used to evaluate the role of cyclic AMP mediated release of gastrin. The addition of N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (4 mM) or theophylline (4 mM) to the culture medium induced significant release of gastrin. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase with cholera toxin (10 ng/ml) also resulted in significant gastrin release. Long-term cultures (18-24 days) were shown to release gastrin continuously at a relatively constant rate. The cellular localization of pancreatic gastrin in 7-day-old cultures was performed by immunological techniques, using fluorescein-labeled antibodies to gastrin. The gastrin-containing cells were located at the periphery of most of the endocrine cell clusters. Immunofluorescence techniques for insulin and glucagon also showed that the alpha cells had a similar peripheral distribution, although they were more frequent in number. In contrast, insulin-containing cells were numerous and were present in all areas of the endocrine cell clusters. The studies support the following conclusions: a) Gastrin is present in the rat pancreas, even as early as late fetal life; b) Gastrin-producing cells are present and functionally competent in monolayer cell cultures of the neonatal rat pancreas for prolonged periods of time (24 days); c) Gastrin is released from these cells when intracellular levels of cyclic AMP are increased; d) By immunofluorescence methods, the gastrin-producing cells in pancreatic cell cultures are found to be located at the periphery of the endocrine cell clusters.
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PMID:Gastrin in the perinatal rat pancreas and gastric antrum: immunofluorescence localization of pancreatic gastrin cells and gastrin secretion in monolayer cell cultures. 18 64

The islet cell tumors of the pancreas are now known to produce a variety of polypeptides in addition to insulin. These include glucagon, serotonin, corticotropin, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, gastrin and a secretinlike hormone that may be VIP or a combination of such polypeptides. The development and wide availability of the newer immunoassays for the various recognized hormones as well as candidate hormones of the gut will simplify the diagnosis of these challenging tumors, which up until this time have produced symptoms that were bizarre and often fatal to the patient.
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PMID:Tumors of the islets of Langerhans. 18 90

Up to seven endocrine cell types have been identified ultrastructurally in the pancreas, including glucagon A cells, insulin B cells, somatostatin D cells, pancreatic peptide F cells and 5-hydroxytryptamine EC cells. In addition, D1 cells, which have been proposed as the cell type producing VIP and possible P cells of unknown function are seen. Various patterns of endocrine cell differentiation have been found in 20 endocrine pancreatic tumours. Well and poorly differentiated B cells have been identified in 6 insulinomas, diagnostic G cells in 3 out of 7 gastrinomas, D1 and/or F cells in 7 diarrheogenic tumours. Moreover, cells apparently unrelated to the prevalent clinical syndrome have been noted in 8 of the 20 tumours. Granular non diagnostic cells (poorly diagnostic gastrin cells? D1 cells?) were particularly frequent in gastrinomas; agranular or poorly granular cells, either by "active" or "Stem cell" type, were present in nearly all tumours, particularly in diarrheogenic tumours, gastrinomas and malignant insulinomas. A cytological classification of pancreatic endocrine tumours is proposed.
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PMID:The endocrine cells of the pancreas and related tumours. Ultrastructural study and classification. 19 45

In female rats aspirin-induced gastrin mucosal damage was increased and glycoprotein synthesis decreased by fasting and by insulin administration. Glucose added to the drinking water during the fasting period reduced mucosal damage and increased glycoprotein synthesis to control levels. Alloxan diabetes did not affect mucosal damage or glycoprotein synthesis. Alloxan diabetes plus insulin restored blood glucose levels to normal, and susceptibility to aspirin damage and glycoprotein synthesis were also normal. Alloxan diabetes plus fasting restored blood glucose levels to normal but increased aspirin-induced mucosal damage and reduced glycoprotein synthesis. In vitro incubation of gastric mucosal homogenates showed that diburyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline inhibited glycoprotein synthesis but dibutyryl cyclic GMP had no significant effects. The importance of an adequate supply of glucose to the gastric mucosa and the effects of cyclic nucleotides on glycoprotein synthesis are discussed.
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PMID:Effects of blood glucose levels on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage. 20 Jan 38

Immunocytochemistry reveals ACTH-like immunoreactivity to reside not only in the pituitary but also in central nerves and in central nerves and in antral gastrin cells. In all probability, the central nerves store a peptide identical with or closely resembling true ACTH. Their pattern of distribution is, in some regions, similar to that of enkephalin-immunoreactive nerves. The antiserum demonstrating ACTH-like immunoreactivity in central nerves and in antral gastrin cells is directed towards the COOH-terminal part of the hormone. A peptide corresponding to this part, the corticotrophin-like intermediate peptide (CLIP) is manufactured by the pars intermedia of the pituitary. CLIP is devoid of adrenocortical activity, but has recently been shown to possess insulin-releasing activity. The occurrence of CLIP-like peptides in antral gastrin cells may indicate a role for such peptides in the gastrointestinal regulation of insulin release. The simultaneous occurrence of enkephalin-like and ACTH-like immunoreactivity in the antral gastrin cells is of particular interest since a large precursor molecule, containing both the enkephalin and the ACTH sequence has recently been identified.
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PMID:Distribution of ACTH-like immunoreactivity in rat brain and gastrointestinal tract. 20 25

Stimulation of the beta-adrenergic terminations was employed to determine whether calcitonin-secreting thyroid C cells are derived from the neural crest. Calcitonin secretion was increased, whereas parathormone, insulin and gastrin values were not significantly changed. In addition, administration of a beta-blocking drug before ethanol led to a marked fall in calcitonin with respect to the baseline. Once again, other hormone levels were not affected.
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PMID:[Calcitonin, gastrin, parathyroid hormone and the autonomic nervous system]. 20 23


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