Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastrin is a hormone regulating gastric acid secretion and the growth of the gastrointestinal epithelium. It is expressed by endocrine tumors and by adenocarcinomas of the gastroenteropancreatic region and may represent an autocrine tumor growth factor. Gastrin is also implicated in the genesis of peptic ulcer disease both in conjunction with H. pylori infections and with gastrin-producing tumors. The secretion and expression of gastrin are under the paracrine control of somatostatin, produced by D cells situated in close contact with gastrin-producing G cells. D cells also contain neuronal nitric oxide synthase and appear to regulate apoptosis of G cells by paracrine release of nitric oxide. Both G and D cells are derived from a common multihormonal precursor cell present in the regenerative (isthmus) region of the gastric units. The precursor cells have been suggested to undergo asymmetrical divisions resulting in gastrin- and somatostatin-producing daughter cells that remain in paracrine contact during their migration into the glands. The precursor cells also give rise to the third main antropyloric endocrine cell type; the serotonin-producing EC cell. The maturation of all of these cell types is regulated by a number of transcription factors containing homeobox motifs (Pdx-1, Pax 4 and 6, Isl-1, Nkx6.1). Many of these also regulate the development of the central nervous system and the pancreas. The use of different combinations of these factors for regulating the expression of different hormones may explain the phenomenon of abberant hormone expression during development and carcinogenesis and the occurrence of multihormonal cells.
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PMID:Developmental biology of gastrin and somatostatin cells in the antropyloric mucosa of the stomach. 1070 44

The gastric epithelium is renewed from stem cells in the isthmus of the gastric glands. We describe that the two neuroendocrine peptides gastrin and somatostatin are coexpressed by isthmic stem cells. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling indicates that the coexpressing cells divide and differentiate into gastrin and somatostatin cells, which remain in paracrine contact during most of their migration down into the gland. The coexpressing cells display nuclear immunoreactivity for the transcription factors Isl-1 and CREB, which have been implicated in somatostatin gene expression. Differentiated gastrin cells lack Isl-1 reactivity and show variable staining for CREB while differentiated somatostatin cells display Isl-1 and CREB reactivity.
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PMID:The LIM-homeodomain protein Isl-1 segregates with somatostatin but not with gastrin expression during differentiation of somatostatin/gastrin precursor cells. 2115 8