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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The inhibitory effects of gamma-oryzanol and atropine on the gastric secretion were studied using insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose as vagal stimulants. Pretreatment with gamma-oryzanol (100 mg/kg, s.c., once daily x 5) depressed the gastric secretion stimulated by insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose, but the potency was less than that with atropine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). gamma-Oryzanol had no effect on decrease in the serum glucose level or on increase in the gastrin level induced by insulin injection, while atropine enhanced these responses. From these results, it is considered that the inhibitory action of gamma-oryzanol on gastric secretion may be due to depression of the vagus system but the mode of action is different from that of atropine.
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PMID:[Effects of gamma-oryzanol and atropine on gastric secretion stimulated by insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (author's transl)]. 70 May 14

The first feed of breast milk given to a group of 12 term infants was previously shown to increase the levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin, growth hormone (GH), gastrin, and enteroglucagon. We have now studied the effects of the first feed of breast milk in two similar groups of preterm infants, to compare the results with those obtained for the term infant. One group of 8 preterm infants received a bolus (2.5 ml/kg) of breast milk via a nasogastric tube; the other group of 5 infants received a continuous intragastric infusion (2.5 ml/kg per hour) of breast milk. No change occurred in the concentrations of blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, or ketone bodies, or in plasma insulin, GH, pancreatic glucagon, or enteroglucagon in either the 'bolus fed' or the 'infusion fed' group of preterm infants. Thus the marked metabolic and endocrine changes in term infants after the first feed do not occur in preterm infants with standard methods of feeding.
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PMID:Metabolic and endocrine events at the time of the first feed of human milk in preterm and term infants. 71 42

The duration of the disruption of the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) by various test meals in dogs was correlated with changes in serum gastrin and insulin levels. The test meals consisted of milk protein, sucrose, arachis oil and medium chain triglycerides (MCT). Intravenous infusions of glucose 20% were also used. Electrical activity of the small intestine was registered by means of electrodes implanted over the entire length of the gut. Hormones were assayed by radioimmunoassay techniques. The insulin level rose significantly after both the glucose infusion and the sucrose meal. The rise was small after the milk protein meal and nothing after arachis oil and MCT. Gastrin level was not changed by arachis oil or MCT and rose slightly after sucrose and milk protein. The MMC was not disrupted by glucose infusions, but was disrupted for 5--7 h by archis oil and for 6--12 h by MCT. We conclude that in dogs neither gastrin nor insulin have an important role in the mechanism of disruption of the MMC after feeding.
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PMID:Role of gastrin and insulin in postprandial disruption of migrating complex in dogs. 73 26

1. In duodenal ulcer patients SPV results in an increase of basal and postprandial serum gastrin levels. There is no decrease of hypergastrinemia even five years after SPV. 2. After SPV there is a significant increase in basal serum GIP levels; postprandial GIP concentrations show a faster increase after food intake. 3. Serum insulin and blood glucose concentrations are not altered by SPV.
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PMID:[The effect of selective proximal vagotomy on gastrin, GIP and insulin blood levels in patients with duodenal ulcer]. 75 95

It is believed that humans anticipate appetizing meals by increasing vagally mediated gastric acid secretion. Studies were conducted on 5 normal male volunteers to characterize further the secretory response to anticipated meals. Plasma gastrin and glucose levels were monitored to assess the possibility that these humoral factors participated in the observed secretory changes. Subjects were not fed for 22 hr and were intubated at 10 AM. Basal gastric collections were begun, and at 1 PM on different days, subjects either (a) selected meals of choice prepared in their presence for 1 hr before nasogastric tube withdrawal and meal ingestion or (b) were not food-teased or fed. Gastric collections were obtained every 10 min during the "test" hour (1-2 PM) during both (a) and (b) studies and titrated for gastric acid. Blood samples for plasma glucose and RIA gastrin were obtained during basal and test hours every 10 min. Pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output studies were conducted on all subjects on separate days. Results showed a progressive and statistically significant rise in gastric acid secretion when an appetizing, self-selected meal was anticipated. The magnitude of this rise was 55% of the mean pentagastrin-induced acid response. This acid response did not correlate with changes in plasma glucose or gastrin. The study demonstrated that pure psychic stimulation may be as effective an acid stimulant as sham feeding.
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PMID:Gastric secretory and humoral responses to anticipated feeding in five men. 75 51

Nine patients were studied 1.5--3 years after jejuno-ileostomy for obesity by an intravenous glucose infusion technique designed to imitate blood glucose concentrations after glucose ingestion. Whereas serum insulin and gastrin concentrations were normal, blood glucose concentrations were significantly depressed compared to preoperative levels as well as to levels in matched normal subjects. Thus, in the fasting state mean concentrations (+/- S.E.M.) of blood glucose, serum insulin and gastrin in the patients were, respectively, 3.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, 95 +/- 22 pmol/l and 38 +/- 4 pmol/l. The corresponding concentrations in the matched normals were 4.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, 70 +/- 18 pmol/l and 39 +/- 6 pmol/l. The glucose concentrations in the patients were low in all situations, i.e. in the fasting state, after oral glucose ingestion and during the intravenous glucose infusion. The results indicate that jejuno-ileostomy in obesity greatly facilitates peripheral glucose disposal. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is not yet known.
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PMID:Increased glucose disposal after jejuno-ileostomy. 76 35

Somatostatine is the hypothalamic factor which inhibits the secretion of growth hormone. The administration of a synthetic form decreased growth hormone levels by 50 to 75% in 5 acromegalic patients. The action is rapid but the effect is not prolonged. Prolactin was reduced in only case with galactorrhea. Thyreostimulin, as well as gastrin, are unaffected. Plasma insulin levels, and to a lesser extent those of glucagon, are decreased by somatostatine which causes no variation in either cortisol or blood glucose. Somatostatine, by correcting the pathological secretion of hormone, opens the way to medical treatment of acromegaly.
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PMID:[The effects of somatostatin in acromegaly]. 77 91

The insulin and gastrin response to oral glucose, intravenous glucose, or a protein-rich meal were measured in 44 nondiabetic patients with pernicious anemia (PA) and in 44 control subjects. 36 of the PA-patients had hypergastrinemia, while serum gastrin concentrations in the remaining eight patients were below normal. Three hypergastrinemic PA-patients were in addition studied during an oral glucose loading with synchronous intravenous infusion of gastrin-17. During both oral and intravenous glucose tests blood glucose concentrations were similar in patients and in controls. After ingestion of protein blood glucose concentrations in PA-patients with hypergastrinemia were above those of the controls (P less than 0.05). Parenteral infusion of gastrin-17 during oral glucose loading also increased blood glucose concentrations above the levels observed after glucose alone. In PA-patients with hypergastrinemia the insulin response was augmented in all tests. In patients with hypogastrinemia serum insulin concentrations were lower than normal in the fasting state and during stimulation with glucose intravenously (P less than 0.01). In hypergastrinemic patients serum gastrin concentrations decreased after oral as well as intravenous glucose administration. The decrease was larger during the oral test. In hypogastrinemia oral glucose induced, as in controls, a small initial rise followed by a slow fall in serum gastrin concentrations. No variations were seen in these patients during the intravenous glucose infusion. Gel filtration of serum from hypergastrinemic patients disclosed a decrease in the concentrations of all four main components of gastrin during the glucose loadings. Taken together with earlier studies on the effect of exogenous gastrin the results suggest that endogenous hypergastrinemia induces hyperglycemia and potentiates insulin secretion. In contrast hypogastrinemia is associated with hypoinsulinism.
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PMID:Disturbed islet-cell function related to endogenous gastrin release. Studies on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in pernicious anemia. 77 30

Six nephrectomised patients undergoing chronic haemo-dialysis and six patients who have had renal transplantation were studied in comparison with a control group of healthy subjects. Their glucose, insulin, glucagon and gastrin levels were measured during a 50g oral glucose tolerance test which, in the dialysis group, was carried out just prior to a dialysis period. In this group fasting blood samples were obtained also on the morning immediately following dialysis. Glucagon levels were high in the dialysis group and gastrin levels were raised in both the dialysis and transplant groups. These abnormalities may be related to some of the clinical features of renal failure.
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PMID:High circulating levels of glucagon and gastrin in anephric subjects. 78 21

The endocrine function of the pancreas consists of the promotion of storage of nutritive substances after meals through the liberation of insulin and to guarantee the mobilization of this food energy through the secretion of glucagon during fasting. Increased hormone production may result from tumors of the islet cells (insulin: insulinoma; glucagon: glucagonoma; gastrin: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). An absolute or relative insulin deficiency is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus, in which a relative hyperglucagonemia is also of possible pathophysiological significance. This increased secretion of glucagon can be suppressed by somatostatin. While the clinical application of somatostatin in diabetes mellitus seems problematic at present, the use of a glucose-controlled system of insulin infusion ("artificial pancreas") makes possible a metabolic state approaching the healthy condition.
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PMID:[The endocrine pancreas. From the isolated islet to the "artificial pancreas" (author's transl)]. 81 14


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