Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of neuroendocrine lung tumor located beneath the pleura in a 71-year-old woman is reported. At autopsy, the tumor was found to have metastasized to the bones and liver without involving the hilar lymph nodes. Histologically, the tumor cells at the primary site and in the liver metastasis exhibited a carcinoid-like organoid structure, whereas pleomorphic giant cells were noted in the bone metastasis. The argyrophilic tumor cells were immunoreactive for neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, serotonin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, neuropeptide Y, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, glicentin, the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, Leu M1 and carcinoembryonic antigen. Electron microscopy revealed abundant neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm. This was considered to be a rare case of neuroendocrine lung tumor showing carcinoid-like histology at the primary site and large-cell transformation in bone metastasis.
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PMID:Atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung, associated with giant-cell transformation in bone metastasis. 170 May 76

7 gastrinomes and 1 gastrin-producer complex carcinoma-carcinoid tumor were examined by light and electron microscopical-method and by immunohistochemical method. In six cases, the tumor was in the pancreas or in the wall of duodenum; in two cases its localisation was of extra-gastroenteropancreatic (liver, lymph node). All patients developed Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, three patients bled and one had diarrhea. One patient had other tumors, besides gastrinome, which were characteristic of MEN-I syndrome. By immunohistochemical methods all tumors proved to be gastrin and neuron-specific-enolase positive. In four cases somatostatin positivity, in some cases glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, S-100 protein, keratin and carcinoembryonal antigen positivity were detected. Relation could not be detected between other polypeptide hormones, produced besides gastrin, and biological behaviour of tumor and clinical symptoms.
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PMID:[Gastrinoma and carcinoma-carcinoid tumor causing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. 238 29

Twenty medullary carcinomas of the thyroid gland were examined for the presence of immunoreactive calcitonin, thyroglobulin, glucagon, keratin, gastrin/CCK, carcinoembryonic antibody (CEA), insulin, serotonin, adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH), prostatic acid phosphatase, and somatostatin using the immunoperoxidase peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. In addition, they were stained with mucicarmine, alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Grimelius, Congo red, crystal violet, and Fontana-Masson stains. Calcitonin-immunoreactive cells were absent in one tumor and present in 19 tumors (95%). Thyroglobulin was present in seven tumors (35%). Twenty tumors contained CEA-immunoreactive cells (100%). Fourteen cases were immunoreactive to serotonin (70%) and 12 were positive for somatostatin (60%). Glucagon- and gastrin/CCK-immunoreactive cells were found in two cases each (10%). Four tumors (20%) contained ACTH-immunoreactive cells and three cases (15%) were positive for prostatic acid phosphatase. Five cases (25%) contained keratin-immunoreactive cells. One case was immunoreactive to insulin (5%). Grimelius-positive cells were present in 19 of the cases (95%). Mucin-containing cells were present in 65% of the cases. The validity of the immunocytochemical localizations was tested by specific absorption of each antibody with the corresponding antigen. The demonstration of immunoreactivity for multiple antigens in each of the 20 cases suggests that the origin of medullary thyroid carcinomas is from a neuroendocrine cell potentially capable of producing numerous hormone substances. In addition, as the neoplastic cells in 35% of the tumors contained hormonal substances as well as thyroglobulin, it is suggested that papillary or follicular tumors mixed with a neuroendocrine component exist more commonly than previously suspected. Finally, psammoma bodies might be present in pure medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
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PMID:Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features with review of the literature. 241 97

Skin biopsy specimens from 12 elderly patients with Merkel cell tumors were investigated. Conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques were used. All of the tumors had similar morphologic features. Immunoreactivity for neuronspecific enolase, gastrin, calcitonin, and epithelial membrane-like antigen was demonstrated, and both neurofilaments and keratin filaments were observed. The immunohistochemical findings supported a Merkel cell origin for these Merkel cell tumors. The co-expression of neuroendocrine and epithelial markers in Merkel cell carcinomas is suggestive of neuroendocrine differentiation in a neoplasm of epithelial origin. Merkel cell carcinomas share many characteristics with neuroendocrine tumors of the bronchopulmonary and gastrointestinal tracts. All of these neoplasms may originate from cells of similar types that are present in several organs.
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PMID:Merkel cell tumor of the skin: an immunohistochemical study. 241 38

Fifteen neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin (Merkel cell tumors) were stained within the constraints of tissue availability by the Grimelius method and immunohistochemically for keratin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), S-100, common leukocyte antigen (CLA), met-enkephalin, bombesin, calcitonin, ACTH, gastrin, and somatostatin. Focal argyrophilia was present in 5 of 12 tumors. All tumors tested demonstrated immunoreactivity for NSE and 5 tumors were positive for keratin. One tumors appeared to demonstrate focal ACTH-like immunoreactivity, but otherwise no immunoreactivity for the above mentioned polypeptide hormones was noted in 11 completely studied tumors. One tumor contained histologically obvious areas of squamous differentiation in addition to areas of Merkel cell tumor. In various tumors, keratin immunoreactivity was present either in areas of histologically obvious squamous differentiation, in randomly scattered single cells not histologically identifiable as squamous, or in a paranuclear dot-like distribution. Immunoreactivity for CEA, S-100 and CLA was not present in any tumors. The lack of met-enkephalin and the presence of squamous differentiation in these tumors indicates multidirectional differentiation in a fashion not phenotypically typical of Merkel cells.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin: an immunohistochemical study of tumor markers and neuroendocrine products. 243 2

Among 284 cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder, 21 were identified as undifferentiated carcinoma (UC), with little glandular or other specific epithelial differentiation. These tumors were classified into three histologic types according to the components: (1) small cell type (eight cases); (2) pleomorphic cell type (eight cases); and (3) spindle cell or pseudosarcomatous type (five cases). Histochemical and immunohistochemical study by the immunoperoxidase technique revealed that most of the tumors (13/21) contained mucosubstances, and that all examples of the UC were immunoreactive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), keratin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), thereby indicating the epithelial nature of the neoplastic cells. Vimentin immunoreactivity was found in nine tumors. In 19, the tumor contained various neoplastic endocrine cells, including somatostatin-immunoreactive (14/19), gastrin-immunoreactive (14/19), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-immunoreactive (9/19), pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive (4/19), and serotonin-immunoreactive cells (4/19). The prognosis of patients with UC of the gallbladder was poorer than that of patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Undifferentiated carcinoma of the gallbladder. A clinicopathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study of 21 patients with a poor prognosis. 245 57

The histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical features of twenty gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours are presented. Histologically, the foregut and hindgut carcinoids showed trabecular pattern and midgut carcinoid tumours usually showed insular type of growth. Histochemically, using the silver stains by the Grimelius and Masson-Fontana techniques, most (18 cases) were argyrophilic and 8 were argentaffin positive. Two appendiceal carcinoids were non-reactive. Mucin positivity was noted in a case of mucin producing carcinoid of the appendix. Immunohistochemistry for wide spectrum keratin, cytokeratin PKK1, carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament and S-100 protein revealed epithelial and neural characteristics of carcinoid tumour cells. Wide spectrum keratin was positive in 12 while cytokeratin PKKI was negative in all. Carcinoembryonic antigen positivity was noted in 8 cases. Neuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity was seen in 18 cases whereas neurofilament was negative. S-100 protein positive cells were observed in close contact with and/or intermingled with tumour cells but the tumour cells themselves were negative. Immunoreactivity for somatostatin was seen in 8 cases, glucagon in three, and corticotrophin, insulin and gastrin in one case each. More than one hormone expression was noted in three cases, one each of gastric, appendiceal and rectal carcinoid tumours. These findings suggest that carcinoid tumours may develop from an uncommitted cell native to the site of tumour and differentiates along one or more directions, and the immunohistochemical findings and secretory profile of these tumour cells depend upon the direction of their differentiation.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours: histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study. 246 Nov 42

The clinical, microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of 7 gastrinomas and 1 combined carcinoma-carcinoid tumor were evaluated. The tumors were located in the pancreas or duodenal wall in 6 cases, and on extragastro-enteropancreatic sites in 2 (liver or peripancreatic lymph node). All patients had the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 3 of them with additional bleeding and 1 with diarrhea. One patient with gastrinoma had additional tumors characteristic of the MEN-I syndrome. Immunohistochemistry showed gastrin and neuron-specific enolase-positivity in all of the tumors. Somatostatin was found in 4 cases, and single cell glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide. S-100 protein, keratin as well as carcino-embryonic antigen positivity in another few. Additional hormone production did not appear to be connected with biological behaviour of the tumors or with the clinical symptoms.
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PMID:Studies into gastrinomas and combined carcinomatous carcinoid tumors. Optical light- and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. 248 34

Selected neoplastic markers (NSE, gastrin, CEA, calcitonin, keratin) were studied in pulmonary specimens from 5 patients with bronchial carcinoid, 20--with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and 2 with solid tumors. In patients with carcinoid and SCLC NSE and gastrin markers were found--characteristic for neuroendocrine neoplasia. The author discuss the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in differential diagnostics of pulmonary malignancy.
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PMID:[Bronchial carcinoid and small cell lung cancer--neuroendocrine tumors. Immunohistochemical studies]. 256 12

A study of gangliocytic paragangliomas (GPs) of the gastrointestinal tract from 51 patients showed characteristic microscopic features: epithelioid cells with an endocrine growth pattern, spindle cells, and ganglion cells. Forty-nine tumors were located in the duodenum, 1 in the jejunum, and 1 in the pylorus. Twenty-one patients were female, 28 male, and for two the sex was unknown. The average age at presentation was 54 years (range, 23-83). No patient had a recurrence. No neuroendocrine syndrome was found in any patient or patient's family. Immunohistochemical stains in 33 cases yielded the following (proportion positive): S-100 protein 94%, synaptophysin 94%, neuron-specific enolase 94%, pancreatic polypeptide 88%, somatostatin 75%, chromogranin 72%, neurofilament protein 64%, keratin 52%, leu-enkephalin 48%, serotonin (one case), and gastrin (one case). Antisera usually stained one or two of the three major cell types. Pancreatic-type tissue was identified in or near 28 tumors, including the pyloric and jejunal lesions and two in the distal duodenum. The authors conclude that GP is benign; is not associated with endocrine syndromes; contains autonomic, neural, and endocrine cell types; and is related to pancreatic development.
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PMID:Gangliocytic paraganglioma. 275 Jul 1


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