Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dispersed mucosal cells (approx. 70% parietal cells) prepared from guinea pig stomach maintained their cellular concentration of potassium (65--80 nmol potassium/10(6) cells) for at least 5 h in vitro. Uptake of 42K by dispersed gastric mucosal cells depended on temperature, H+ concentration and oxidative metabolism. Carbachol and, in some instances, gastrin caused a 40--50% increase in cellular uptake of 42K as a consequence of the ability of these agents to increase 42K influx. Ouabain reduced uptake of 42K by 70% but did not alter the effect of carbachol. Cellular uptake of 42K was not altered by histamine, prostaglandin, E1, glucagon, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide or C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin. Uptake of 42K was also increased by dibutyryl cyclic AMP or dibutyryl cyclic GMP but not by cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP or their 8-bromo derivatives. Theophylline caused a small (10--15%) increase in 42K uptake and potentiated the increase caused by submaximal concentrations of carbachol. The increase in 42K uptake caused by either dibutyryl cyclic nucleotide and carbachol was additive.
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PMID:Potassium transport in dispersed mucosal cells from guinea pig stomach. 63 44

In medical practice, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of gastrointestinal hormones attract interest. Gastrin--in the form of pentagastrin--can be used for gastric secretory analysis and, in the analysis of exocrine pancreatic function, secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin can be employed as stimulants. Diagnosis of hormone-producing tumors is possible by radioimmunological determination of serum levels of the hormone in question: so, dramatically high gastrin levels can be found in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome while in the Verner-Morrison syndrome, VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) values are significantly elevated.--The therapeutic use of gastrointestinal hormones (gastrin, secretin) is waiting in the wings.
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PMID:[The significance of gastrointestinal hormones in gastroenterological practice]. 64 May 56

To determine whether gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK), recently found in the central nervous sytem, were present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we studied human specimens by sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays for the two related polypeptide hormones. The concentration of gastrin in cerebrospinal fluid from 10 neurologically normal persons ranged from 1.5 to 8.0 pM (mean 3.4 pM), whereas the concentration of CCK ranged from 4 to 55 pM (mean 14 pM). The molecular heterogeneity of gastrin and CCK in CSF was determined by gel chromatography of concentrated fluid monitored by 3 gastrin radioimmunoassays specific for different sequences of gastrin17 and 3 CCK radioimmunoassays specific for different sequences of CCK33. Chromatography revealed that gastrin was present in molecular forms corresponding to gastrin34 ('big gastrin') and gastrin17. CCK was present in molecular forms corresponding to the COOH-terminal octapeptide amide of CCK33 and a fragment corresponding to sequence 25-29 of CCK33. Also, a peptide corresponding to COOH-terminal tetrapeptide amide common to both gastrin and CCK was found. The results indicate that true gastrin as well as CCK are present in CSF, and that both hormones display a molecular heterogeneity similar to that found in extracts of brain tissue.
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PMID:Gastrin and cholecystokinin in human cerebrospinal fluid. Immunochemical determination of concentrations and molecular heterogeneity. 68 12

A patient with atrophic gastritis and excessively raised serum gastrin concentrations (4000 to 5000 pg/ml) was found to have multiple polypous tumors of the gastric corpus mucosa. Following gastrectomy, serum gastrin concentrations decreased to undetectable levels. The tumors consisted of a mixed population of endocrine cells. The majority of tumor cells were of the ECL type, but, in addition, enterochromaffin cells of various subtypes as well as agranular cells were found. The tumors were locally invasive and invaded the walls of submucosal blood vessels. The surrounding mucosa showed a severe atrophic gastritis with intestinalization and contained numerous goblet cells, enterochromaffin cells, and cholecystokinin cells. Cholecystokinin cells do not occur in the normal oxyntic mucosa. Hence, the observation of this cell type in intestinalized gastric epithelium suggests that "intestinalization also is associated with changes in endocrine cell populations. Gastrin has been shown to affect the function of the ECL cells. Indications for a trophic action of gastrin on these cells have been obtained. It is discussed whether greatly raised serum gastrin levels in patients with atrophic gastritis may be associated with increased risks for the development of certain types of gastric tumors.
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PMID:Mixed endocrine gastric tumors associated with hypergastrinemia of antral origin. 69 7

Pressure responses to cholecystokinin (CCK-PZ, approximately 500 U/mg) and gastrin (human synthetic gastrin) were investigated in isolated guinea-pig antral and fundal pouches. Both drugs stimulated motor activity, in the antrum mainly by increasing amplitudes and rhythmic activity, in the fundus by increasing basal tension. Antral responses to gastrin were markedly smaller than to CCK-PZ, while the differences were less pronounced in the fundus. Prestimulation with gastrin, being an agonist by itself, significantly reduced the antral responses to submaximal doses of CCK-PZ, while no inhibition was found in the fundus. When pre-exposed to gastrin, the antral dose-response curve to CCK-PZ was flattened, with reduced maximal response, simulating a non-competitive interaction. It seems that gastrin behaves like a partial agonist to CCK-PZ on guinea-pig antral smooth muscle.
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PMID:Interactions of cholecystokinin (CCK-PZ) and gastrin on motor activity of isolated guinea-pig antrum and fundus. 72

In indirect immunofluorescence tests, antibodies against pure porcine cholecystokinin (CCK) have detected specific CCK cells in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa of the dog and man. The CCK cells were scattered in the epithelium of the crypts, although some were in the villi. No CCK cells were found in the stomach, pancreas, terminal ileum, or colon. Some pyloric G cells also showed some reactivity with CCK antiserum, but absorption of CCK antiserum with gastrin C terminal pentapeptide prevented the staining of pyloric cells and provided specific staining of intestinal CCK cells. Anti-human gastrin I serum stained some intestinal cells too. Most of such cells did not react when gastrin antiserum was absorbed with pure CCK (a treatment that did not prevent the staining of pyloric gastrin cells); they were interpreted as cross-reacting CCK cells rather than as intestinal gastrin cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of the cholecystokinin cell in the intestinal mucosa. 76 95

Gastrin- and cholecystokinin (C.C.K.)-containing cells were detected by using anti-gastrin and anti-C.C.K. sera in the gastrointestinal tract of human fetuses and premature infants and in the stomach and duodenum of adult man obtained by biopsy from eight patients with normal gastro-duodenal endoscopy. The specificity of immunocytological reactions was ascertained by studying the inhibition of the reaction by gastrin, C.C.K., secretin, somatostatin, glucagon, insulin, serotonin, histamin, caerulein and octapeptide of C.C.K. In adult man, the gastrin cells are located only in the antrum and juxtapyloric region; C.C.K. was detected in the duodenum. In the human fetus, the first gastrin cells are seen in the antrum at 14 weeks of age and in the duodenum as early as 10 weeks; the C.C.K. cells are seen in the small intestine at 10 weeks of age.
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PMID:Identification of gastrin-secreting cells and cholecystokinin-secreting cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the human fetus and adult man. 79 24

The history of the discovery of gastrointestinal hormones and the modern methods of their isolation are discussed in the first chapter. The origin of structural relationships of gastrointestinal hormones and the possible ways of evolution are analyzed in the second chapter. The methods used for isolation and identification of secretin and cholecystokinin are dealt with in detail; the isolation of vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, "gastric inhibitory peptide" and enteroglucagon is discussed but briefly in the first chapter. The second chapter is of speculative character. It deals with the structural resemblances between gastrin-type (gastrin, cholecystokinin-pancreozyzimin, caerulein) and secretin-type (secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, glucagon, "gastric inhibitory peptide") hormones. The resemblances are explained by different evolutionary mechanisms.
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PMID:Isolation and evolution of the gastrointestinal hormones. 80 95

Procedures for the determination of secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, glucagon and villikinin in various species are reported. The sensitivities of the individual methods are dealt with.
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PMID:Biological determination of gastrointestinal peptide hormones. 80 97

Bovine pancreatic peptide (BPP) is a straight chain peptide containing 36 amino acid residues that has recently been isolated from pancreatic tissue. At a dose of 40 mug/kg-h intravenously, it stimulated gastric acid secretion when given alone but inhibited the submaximal secretion induced by the C-terminal pentapeptide of gastrin. Basal pancreatic secretion of dogs was inhibited by BPP (1-10 mug/kg-h) inhibited pancreatic protein secretion but often showed a biphasic action on water-bicarbonate response, an initial augmentation followed by reduction. BPP (2-5 mug/kg-h) inhibited pancreatic water-bicarbonate and protein secretions induced by an infusion of secretin plus cholecystokinin. Des-tyrosyl-NH2 BPP lacking the C-terminal tyrosyl amide, failed to inhibit gastric acid induced by C-terminal pentapeptide of gastrin or pancreatic secretion induced by secretin. BPP had no hyper- or hypoglycemic, hyperkalemic, or diuretic actions in the dog.
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PMID:Bovine pancreatic peptide: action on gastric and pancreatic secretion in dogs. 84 64


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