Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult rats were rendered diabetic by a single iv injection of streptozotocin (70 or 75 mg/kg). In these rats, serum insulin fell to minimal levels during the 48 h following drug treatment, and this was roughly paralleled by a progressive decrease in the ability of the lung to oxidize glucose. The addition of insulin to diabetic rat lung slices in vitro had no restorative effect on the depressed glucose oxidative rate during a 2 h incubation period; however, two daily treatments of the rats with 1 unit of protamine, zinc insulin completely restored lung glucose oxidation rate to normal, without significantly reducing the hyperglycemic state of the rats. An examination of the temporal changes in glucose utilization by the rat lung after acute insulin treatment revealed that the diabetic lung responded directly to serum levels of insulin, whereas the normal lung appeared to be unaffected by serum insulin levels as hihg as 87 ng/ml. The reduced rate of glucose oxidation in the diabetic lung was apparent after perfusion of the lung with glucose-free medium, and was characterized by a significant reduction in Vmax without an alteration in Km. This was attended by a depressed ability of the lung to incorporate [3H]leucine into protein and an increased ability to produce lactate, but hexose monophosphate shunt activity was normal. Specific receptors for insulin have been identified and partially characterized in crude membrane preparations of normal rat lung. The interaction of insulin with these receptors was rapid, reversible, saturable, and was dependent upon time and temperature. The binding of labeled insulin was inhibited by low concentrations of unlabeled insulin and by high concentrations of proinsulin, whereas it was unaffected by the presence of glucagon, gastrin, prolactin, ACTH, or growth hormone in microgram amounts. These observations suggest that insulin regulates the transport and utilization of glucose in the rat lung, and that this tissue contains specific receptors for insulin.
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PMID:Pulmonary insulin responsivitiy: in vivo effects of insulin on the diabetic rat lung and specific insulin binding to lung receptors in normal rats. 14 46

In cultures of Escherichia coli W4597(K) and G34 under various nutritional conditions the rates of glucose utilization and cellular levels of fructose-1,6-P2 are quantitatively related by the Hill equation where the value of the Hill coefficient is approximately equal to 2. This is the first evidence that fructose-P2, or any metabolite which covaries with fructose-P2, modulates glucose utilization in E. coli. In light of previous observations from our laboratory this new observation and those in the succeeding report provide the first evidence that in E. coli glycolysis, glycogen synthesis and glucose utilization are coordinately regulated, thus providing for the coupling of ATP utilization and production under various metabolic circumstances. Alterations in the level of ATP apparently affect the velocity of phosphofructokinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, altering the cellular levels of glucose-6-P or fructose-P2. Changes in the levels of these hexose phosphates are quantitatively related to alterations in the rates of glucose utilization and glycogen synthesis in the intact E. coli cell.
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PMID:Evidence for the coordinate control of glycogen synthesis, glucose utilization, and glycolysis in Escherichia coli. I. Quantitative covariance of the rate of glucose utilization and the cellular level of fructose 1,6-diphosphate during exponential growth and nutrient limitation. 110 Jun 22

In cultures of Escherichia coli W4597(K) and G34 under various nutritional conditions the rates of glucose utilization and cellular levels of fructose-1,6-P2 are quantitatively related by the Hill equation where the value of the Hill coefficient is approximately equal to 2. This is the first evidence that fructose-P2, or any metabolite which covaries with fructose-P2, modulates glucose utilization in E. coli. In light of previous observations from our laboratory this new observation and those in the succeeding report provide the first evidence that in E. coli glycolsis, glycogen synthesis and glucose utilization are coordinately regulated, thus providing for the coupling of ATP utilization and production under various metabolic circumstances. Alterations in the level of ATP apparently affect the velocity of phosphofructokinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolsis, altering the cellular levels of glucose-6-P or fructose-P2. Changes in the levels of these hexose phosphates are quantitatively related to alterations in the rates of glucose utilization and glycogen synthesis in the intact E. coli cell.
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PMID:Evidence for the coordinate control of glycogen synthesis, glucose utilization, and glycolysis in Escherichia coli. II. Quantitative correlation of the inhibition of glycogen synthesis and the stimulation of glucose utilization by 2,4-dinitrophenol with the effects on the cellular levels of glucose 6-phosphate, fructose, 1,6-diphosphate, and total adenylates. 110 Jun 23

Bombesin, gastrin-related peptide (GRP), and related peptides sharing the common carboxyterminal sequence stimulate lactoferrin (serous cell marker) and glycoconjugate (mucous cell and goblet cell marker) release from human nasal mucosal explants in vitro. In vivo, GRP released from trigeminal sensory nerves may act upon GRP-bombesin binding sites on respiratory epithelial cells and submucosal glands. To determine whether GRP-bombesin can stimulate nasal secretion in vivo, bombesin was administered to eight normal subjects by unilateral, topical administration. Secretions from both nostrils were collected for measurement of total protein, lysozyme, hexose-containing glycoconjugates, and albumin (marker of vascular permeability). Baseline secretions contained 72.0 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml of total protein, 14 +/- 2 micrograms/ml of lysozyme, 113 +/- 44 micrograms/ml of hexose-containing glycoconjugates, and 7.8 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml of albumin. Hexose-containing glycoconjugate secretion was significantly increased after 1 nmol (385 +/- 63 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.001 by analysis of variance), 10, 100, and 1,000 nmol of bombesin, but the secretion was not dose dependent. Significant lysozyme (24 +/- 3 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.05) and total protein (155 +/- 23 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.01) secretion occurred after 1,000 nmol. No statistically significant changes in albumin secretion occurred at any dose. Saline had no significant effects on secretion. Therefore, bombesin stimulated secretion from submucosal glands and possibly epithelial cells in the human nose without affecting vascular permeability.
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PMID:Bombesin stimulates human nasal mucous and serous cell secretion in vivo. 173 81

We have previously developed a rapid, simple endoscopic method for evaluating gastrin-stimulated maximal acid output (the endoscopic gastrin test, EGT). In EGT, gastric fluid newly secreted over 10 min after gastrin stimulation is collected under direct endoscopic visualization. In this study, employing the EGT, we evaluated the effect of rebamipide, a cytoprotective anti-ulcer drug, on gastric mucus secretion. In ten Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy volunteers, gastric juice was collected by EGT prior to and after 4-week administration of rebamipide. The collected gastric juice was subjected to analysis for gastric mucus output. Total gastric mucin output was significantly increased by 53% by rebamipide administration from 3.2 +/- 1.2 mg hexose/10 min to 4.9 +/- 2.2 mg hexose/10 min (P < 0.01). Further analysis by ion-exchange chromatography revealed that rebamipide administration induced a specific increase in acidic mucin rich in sialic acid. Applying EGT, this study demonstrated that rebamipide administration increased gastric mucus secretion in human.
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PMID:Rebamipide, a cytoprotective drug, increases gastric mucus secretion in human: evaluations with endoscopic gastrin test. 1897 81