Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution and the frequency of occurrence of nine types of gut endocrine cells were revealed using immunohistochemical methods in eight portions from the gastrointestinal tract of the chicken (Gallus gallus var domestica). In the proventriculus, somatostatin- and gastrin-releasing polypeptide (GRP)-immunoreactive cells were commonly found. Serotonin-, pancreatic glucagon-, and enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells were uncommon. Avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-immunoreactive cells were rare. In the gizzard, numerous GRP-, and a small number of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed. The pyloric region was characterized by the presence of abundant gastrin-, somatostatin-, and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells. Numerous serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected in all portions of the intestine. Moderate numbers of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were detected in all portions of the intestine except for the cecum. A few gastrin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the duodenum and jejunum. A small number of pancreatic glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected in the jejunum and ileum. Enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected in the small intestine in increasing numbers forwards the ileum. Motilin-immunoreactive cells were rare in the small intestine.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical study on the distribution of endocrine cells in the chicken gastrointestinal tract. 280 Jun 74

The distribution and relative frequency of occurrence of gastrointestinal endocrine cells exhibiting immunoreactivity to eleven peptides and one amine were examined immunohistochemically in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the adult honey possum which feeds almost exclusively on nectar and pollen. Seven types of endocrine cells, immunoreactive for serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, motilin, enteroglucagon, neurotensin and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), were detected in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the honey possum. In the cardiac gland region, including the diverticulum, endocrine cells were very scarce, and few serotonin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were identified in 4 out of 8 honey possums. Moderate numbers of serotonin- and a few somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were found in the fundic glands. In the pyloric glands, moderate numbers of gastrin-immunoreactive cells and a few serotonin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected. Along the length of the small intestine, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were the dominant endocrine cell type but small numbers of somatostatin-, gastrin-, motilin-, enteroglucagon-, neurotensin- and GIP-immunoreactive cells, all with different distribution patterns and relative frequencies of occurrences, were also found. In the large intestine, a small number of serotonin- and enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in all animals, but a few somatostatin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were detected in some animals.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical study of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in a nectarivorous marsupial, the honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus). 280 13

Enteroendocrine cells immunoreactive for gastrin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), glucagon (glicentin), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), somatostatin, secretin, motilin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) are scattered throughout the small intestinal epithelium of the newborn opossum and in all later postnatal stages examined. The number of BPP- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells is relatively high in the newborn and rapidly decreases until only occasional cells are present after the first postnatal week. Cells immunoreactive for GIP, CCK, 5-HT, motilin, gastrin and secretin increase in number with development. Secretin-, motilin-, CCK- and GIP-immunoreactive cells generally are concentrated proximally in the small intestine and as they increase in number, differentiate in more distal regions. The number of gastrin-immunoreactive cells actually decreases just prior to weaning but then increases at and after, weaning. Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells are unusual in that they do not appear until about the 74th postnatal day and then are first encountered in the distal small intestine. As development progresses they increase in number and appear in the more proximal regions. Cells immunoreactive for 5-HT at first increase but then decrease sharply at weaning only to increase markedly again after this time. In contrast, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells gradually decrease in number until weaning then dramatically increase. If the total number of enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine is considered, there is a gradual decrease from birth until weaning when a dramatic increase occurs. Cells immunoreactive for neurotensin, 5-HT and somatostatin are also found in the intestinal epithelium of the developing colon and caecum. Somatostatin- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells are found throughout the colon in the newborn whereas neurotensin-immunoreactive cells, although observed initially in the proximal colon, do not form a significant population until weaning and then are concentrated distally.
 ...
PMID:Enteroendocrine cells in the developing opossum small intestine and colon. 280 25

A large number of antisera to regulatory vertebrate peptides was tested immunocytochemically on the nervous system of the Colorado potato beetle to further characterize the peptidergic cells of the neuro-endocrine system and to reveal cells participating in endocrine control mechanisms. Neurons, neurosecretory cells, axons and axon terminals were revealed by antisera to ACTH, gastrin, CCK, alpha-endorphin, beta-endorphin, gamma 1-MSH, insulin, motilin, human calcitonin, growth hormone, somatostatin, CRF, ovine prolactin and rat prolactin. Together with previously described results these findings demonstrate that at least 19 different peptidergic cell types are present in the Colorado potato beetle. Several of these cell types are identical with the known neurosecretory cells, while others have not been identified before. The functions of the immunoreactive neurons are as yet unclear, although in two cases the localization of these cells gives some clues. Thus the lateral neurosecretory cells, which are immunoreactive with antisera to beta-endorphin and ovine prolactin, may regulate corpus allatum activity, whereas a CRF immunoreactive substance seems to be used as neurotransmitter by antennal receptors. These immunocytochemical findings do not imply that the immunoreactive substances are evolutionarily related to the vertebrate peptides to which the antisera were raised. It is postulated that if the part of the substance recognized by a certain antiserum is functionally important for the insect, which should be so if the insect peptide is evolutionarily related to its vertebrate homologue, the antiserum should reveal homologous cells in different insect species. The consequence of this hypothesis is, that if an antiserum does not reveal homologous neurons in different insect species, the immunologically demonstrated substance is probably of little physiological importance, and will not be related evolutionarily to the vertebrate analogue. The positive immunocytochemical results in the Colorado potato beetle are discussed in relation to these considerations.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of peptidergic neurons and neurosecretory cells in the neuro-endocrine system of the Colorado potato beetle with antisera to vertebrate regulatory peptides. 285 60

SMS 201 995 is a new long acting analogue of somatostatin. We have investigated its effect on basal and meal stimulated secretion of gut hormones and have shown that after a single s.c. injection of 50 micrograms it lowers significantly the basal plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, motilin, pancreatic glucagon and insulin, it also effectively suppresses the postprandial release of pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, pancreatic glucagon and insulin. Except for the usual brief discomfort of an injection, no symptoms or untoward effects were observed.
 ...
PMID:Effect of long acting somatostatin-analogue, SMS 201 995, on gut hormone secretion in normal subjects. 286 Nov 6

Barrett's epithelium refers to the presence of ectopic mucosal types in the squamous-lined oesophagus. Previous studies have documented argentaffin and argyrophil-positive cells as well as gastrin-like immunoreactivity in oesophageal tissue extracts from patients with Barrett's mucosa. In the present study, 125 oesophageal biopsies obtained under direct vision at endoscopy from 22 patients with Barrett's oesophagus were systematically studied using fluorescence and peroxidase antiperoxidase single and double-staining immunocytochemical methods employing highly specific antibodies to localize the following peptide-containing cell types in Barrett's mucosa: gastrin, somatostatin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, motilin, neurotensin and pancreatic glucagon. In addition, EC cells were localized using a cytochemical silver staining method. The results of this study indicate that EC cells and gastrin- and somatostatin-containing endocrine cells are detectable in Barrett's epithelium.
 ...
PMID:Regulatory peptides in Barrett's oesophagus. 286 40

The effect of three concentrations of high-methoxy apple pectin (5, 10, and 15 g), on solid-liquid meal digestion was studied in 12 healthy men by the gastrointestinal intubation technique. The gastric emptying of water and carbohydrates is significantly reduced only after 10 and 15 g pectin. The changes in gastric pH are similar for pectin-free and pectin-containing meals. Cumulative lipase and trypsin outputs are not significantly different with and without pectin. When gastric uronic acid concentration is above 6 g/l, the duodenal absorption of carbohydrates is significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). The mean blood glucose levels with 10 and 15 g pectin are significantly higher than the control values at 180 min (p less than 0.05). Pectin does not modify serum concentrations of secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and somatostatin but serum motilin and gastrin levels are below the control values after high fiber meal.
 ...
PMID:Effect of increased amounts of pectin on a solid-liquid meal digestion in healthy man. 286 75

Four monoclonal antibodies specific for somatostatin have been produced and characterized. These antibodies were used to assess the anatomical relationship of somatostatin-containing cells in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract of man, baboon and rat with ten other peptide-containing endocrine cells. The peptides investigated were gastrin, cholecystokinin, motilin, secretin, neurotensin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, gut-glucagon, pancreatic glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and insulin. The only regions in which somatostatin cells were seen in close contact with another endocrine cell were in the pancreas and the gastric antrum. In the pancreas somatostatin cells were commonly seen in close contact with insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide cells and infrequent contact was demonstrable with the gastrin-immunoreactive cells in the antrum of both rat and man. In all other cases no evidence was obtained for a close anatomical relationship between somatostatin cells and the other enteroendocrine cells.
 ...
PMID:An immunocytochemical investigation with monoclonal antibodies to somatostatin. 286 26

Plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin (GH-RIH), gastrin and motilin were measured during 6-7 h after oral infection with 25 000 infective (3rd stage) larvae of H. contortus in lambs or after intravenous injection of larvae or worm antigenic (Ag) extracts. A 3-fold increase in plasma gastrin was observed during the first 60 min after infection and GH-RIH increased significantly (P less than 0.01) 180 min later whereas both PP and motilin remained unchanged. An early (60 to 120 min) increase in GH-RIH and a late (5 to 7 h) increase in PP plasma levels were observed after both worm and larvae antigenic extracts whereas plasma motilin was unaffected. Plasma gastrin was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased during 3-4 h following the injection of worm but not of larvae antigenic extract. It was concluded that the immediate hypergastrinemia following H. contortus infection is not the consequence of a general immune response of the host and is probably related to the release of unknown substance(s) by the infective larvae into the abomasum or to mucosal inflammation due to a local immune response; in contrast, the increase in plasma GH-RIH levels appeared to be the result of antigenic reactions. The other hormonal changes observed after Ag injections may be the consequence rather than the reason of changes in abomasal secretory pattern.
 ...
PMID:Early changes in plasma pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, gastrin and motilin levels induced by H. contortus infection in lamb. 286 25

Segi's cap, a large aggregation of endocrine cells on the top of intestinal villi, was studied in porcine fetuses and neonates by histological and immunohistochemical methods. The following observations were made: 1) Segi's caps were found in the proximal small intestine in all fetuses larger than 17 cm (beyond 10 weeks of gestation), in neonates before suckling and in 1-4 day-old piglets (suckling neonates); they were not found in a 1 week-old animal. 2) Segi's caps were seen more frequently in the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum than in the proximal and middle duodenum. 3) The Segi's cap consisted mainly of numerous argyrophil cells as demonstrated by Grimelius' method and a few argentaffin cells as identified by a modified Masson-Hamperl's method. 4) Immunohistochemically, ten kinds of immunoreactive cells were dispersed in the mucosal epithelium, outside of Segi's caps, in the proximal small intestine of fetuses: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-, gastrin-, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)-, secretin-, somatostatin-, cholecystokinin-, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)-, motilin-, leucine-enkephalin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells. Except for neurotensin-immunoreactive cells, all of these cells were detected also in the caps. 5) Regional differences were noted in the distribution of cells in the caps; gastrin-, BPP- and secretin-immunoreactive cells were dominant in the caps in the proximal duodenum, while 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were most numerous in those in the proximal jejunum.
 ...
PMID:Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the Segi's cap, a large aggregation of endocrine cells on the intestinal villi of porcine fetuses and neonates. 286 50


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>