Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three to 5% of breast carcinomas are argyrophilic, including some which are mucinous and thus "composite", whereas there are no argyrophilic cells in normal breast nor in benign breast pathology. This raises the problem of the origin and type of these argyrophilic cells. We carried out a histologic and immunohistochemical study in 4 such cases of mucoid tumors containing at least 50% argyrophilic cells. Two of these tumors presenting node involvement were also studied immunohistochemically. The histologic study showed colloid and intragalactophoric proliferation areas in cell cases and some endocrine areas in 2 out of 4 cases. Argyrophilic cells were present in all of these areas. True mucoargyrophilic amphicrine cells were found primarily in colloid areas. None of these tumors were argentaffin. Immunohistochemical study was performed by the PAP method using antibody directed against VIP, ACTH, PP, somatostatin, bombesin, calcitonin, gastrin, prolactin and GH. Three out of four tumors were positive with VIP. Moreover one of them contained ACTH cells and a metastasis of this tumor contained bombesin cells. No tumor was positive with the other anti-sera tested. This study is related to the rare series in the literature which report secretion of ACTH, catecholamins, bombesin, gastrin, VIP, PP, somatostatin, prolactin, etc. The number of cases reported to date remains too low to show a significant prognostic difference between amphicrine tumors and other mammary carcinomas.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of 4 cases of mucoid and argyrophilic carcinoma of the breast]. 282 35

Cells with argyrophil granules were searched for in 131 consecutive specimens obtained from endometrial curettage. Particular care was taken with the fixation methods to avoid a false positivity to the silver impregnation according to Grimelius. We did not consider the grossly argyrophilic positivity on the cellular apex or of the whole cytoplasm, which was partially reduced by diastase digestion and probably due to the presence of glycogen and secretory mucoproteins. Cells with thin argyrophilic granules similar to those observed in endocrine APUD cells were present among glandular cells and/or among stromal cells in 15 of 131 examined specimens. They concerned 5 cases of proliferative endometrium, 3 of secretive endometrium, 5 of hyperplasia, and 2 of carcinoma. In 8 of the 15 cases with argyrophilic cells, immunohistochemical studies with the PAP method showed cells with the presence of FSH, S-100 protein, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The significance and origin of these cells in normal and neoplastic endometrium are discussed.
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PMID:Presence of cells with argyrophil granules in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrium. 288 Apr 17

One hundred patients with gastric carcinoma resected surgically were studied by PAP immunoperoxidase and ultrastructural method. It was found that the tumor cells were positive for gastrin, serotonin, somatostatin as well as argyrophil particles in 19 patients. In these 19 patients, the quantity of endocrine tumor cells surpassed half of its total cancer cells in 4, leading to a separate entity of neuroendocrine gastric carcinoma. The authors hope to introduce this new subtype into the classification of gastric carcinoma. Among the 100 cases, 50 patients with undifferentiated carcinomas contained the NE cells in 16 (32%), the remains for high differentiated adenocarcinomas had the NE cells in 3 (6%) only. It was suggested that the appearance of NE tumor cells was closely correlated to differentiation of gastric carcinoma. This study theoretically demonstrated the heterogenicity of gastric carcinoma and supported the theory that different kinds of tumor cells (endocrine and nonendocrine) may have a common origin and are derived from the endoembryogenetic immature precursor cells.
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PMID:[Study on neuro-endocrine type of gastric carcinoma]. 290 76

A case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma in an unusual location, the liver, is reported. The neoplasm was composed of small, uniform cells that had distinct borders and grew in strands, ribbons and nests; its appearance resembled that of a carcinoid. Electron microscopy and special staining of the neoplastic cells confirmed the neuroendocrine nature of the tumor, and the cells showed immunoreactivity for gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide by the PAP. The recent literature is reviewed, and the possible histogenesis of hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma is discussed.
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PMID:Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver. 373 44

Pancreatic endocrine cells were stained immunocytochemically for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide by the PAP technique or sequentially for two hormones by the PAP followed by an indirect immunogold procedure. Pancreatic endocrine cells of Chrysemys are found scattered as single cells or small aggregates throughout the exocrine parenchyma; only the splenic region shows islets consisting of a B cell core surrounded by a loose mantle of A cells and occasional D cells. PP cells were not found in this splenic portion but were found scattered throughout the remainder of the pancreas. In contrast to the typical vertebrate islet, Chrysemys pancreatic endocrine cells are characterized by a lack of preferential association of one cell type with another and suggests that paracrine regulatory mechanisms may not be operable in this species. Insulin secretion from pieces of Chrysemys pancreas has been measured in incubation and perifusion systems employing a heterologous radioimmunoassay. Insulin release by Chrysemys B cells is enhanced by elevated levels of glucose (300 mg/dl), however, response appears to be somewhat slower compared to other vertebrate B cells. Gastrin, secretin, neurotensin, motilin, serotonin, PYY, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, somatostatin and insulin were demonstrated immunocytochemically in open-type GEP cells of the mucosal epithelium of the Chrysemys intestine. Of these cells, gastrin, neurotensin and insulin cells appear to be the most numerous while the other types appear less frequently. Cells containing PP, bombesin, cholecystokinin and substance P could not be demonstrated. The localization of insulin to GEP cells of the turtle intestine is an unusual finding but has been confirmed by radioimmunoassay of extracts of the intestinal mucosa.
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PMID:The gastro-entero-pancreatic system of the turtle, Chrysemys picta. 391 12

In the brain of adult specimens of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (L), cells immunoreactive for several kinds of neuropeptides were localized by means of the PAP procedure, by use of antisera raised against mammalian hormones or hormonal peptides. In contrast, no such neurosecretory cells were found in the corpora cardiaca and corpora allata (CC/CA); in the CC/CA, however, immunoreactive nerve fibres were observed, reaching these organs from the brain. The neurosecretory cells found in the brain were immunoreactive with at least one of the following mammalian antisera, namely those raised against the insulin B-chain, somatostatin, glucagon C-terminal, glucagon N-terminal, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), gastrin C-terminus, enkephalin, alpha- and beta-endorphin, Substance P, and calcitonin. No cells were immunoreactive with antisera specific for detecting neurons containing the insulin A-chain, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin connecting peptide (C-peptide), polypeptide YY (PYY), gastrin mid-portion (sequence 6-13), cholecystokinin (CCK) mid-portion (sequences 9-20 and 9-25), neurotensin C-terminus, bombesin, motilin, ACTH, or serotonin. All the neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells observed emitted nerve fibers passing through the brain to the CC and in some cases also to the CA. In CC these immunoreactive nerve fibers tended to accumulate near the aorta. It was speculated that neuropeptides are released into the circulating haemolymph and act as neurohormones.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical investigations of neuropeptides in the brain, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata of an adult lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta (L). 613 31

Various gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine cells have been shown to contain concomitantly immunoreactivities against several peptide hormones. In the present study the "immunoreactivities" of gastrin (G-) cells of the rat stomach against 21 specific antisera and 10 control sera were investigated by means of the unlabelled antibody enzyme (PAP) technique using modifications of single steps in the immunocytochemical staining sequence. The results indicate that immunoglobulins can bind to gastrin cell granules obviously by non-specific ionic interactions. This non-specific binding of immunoglobulins occurs even in dilution ranges of the sera commonly used in immunohistochemical investigations of the GEP endocrine system. Since "adsorption controls" (preadsorption of the antisera with their respective antigens) will not discriminate between specific and non-specific binding of immunoglobulins to GEP endocrine cells additional specificity controls are necessary. In contrast to the immunostaining of various GEP endocrine cells by "established" antisera and of G-cells by gastrin antiserum immunoglobulins of sera from non-immunized animals as well as antibodies against corticotropin-lipotropin related peptides could be displaced from their binding sites in G-cells by alterations of the NaCl content of the buffers used as diluents or as rinsing solutions. To exclude immunostaining of GEP endocrine cells by nonspecific binding of immunoglobulins the following working procedures are recommended for immunocytochemical investigations of these cells: 1. Use of high titer antisera at low concentrations (diluted 1:1,500 or more). 2. Elevation of the salt (NaCl) content up to 0.5 M of the buffer used as diluent or as rinsing solution. 3. Adsorption controls will show reliable results only if point 1. and 2. have been taken into account.
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PMID:Immunoreactivities of gastrin (G-) cells. II. Non-specific binding of immunoglobulins to G-cells by ionic interactions. 739 Aug 78

Antral biopsies of 33 duodenal ulcer patients (15 with hypergastrinemia, group 1 and 18 with normal fasting serum gastrin, group 2) and also 13 healthy volunteers were studied for D- and G-cell density and HP-status. Basal acid output (BAO), maximal acid output (MAO) and serum somatostatin were also evaluated. G- and D-cell density was measured by PAP-immunostaining technique. Serum gastrin and somatostatin levels were studied by radioimmunoassay. HP-status was evaluated histologically with the use of semiquantitative enhanced method. Both groups of patients had decreased D-cell density compared with control (p < 0.05). Patients from group 1 had significantly increased BAO, MAO, G-cell density, index of infective load of HP, index of adherence of HP, comparing with group 2 (p < 0.05), and decreased serum somatostatin level and D-cell density compared with group 2. There were no significant differences found in serum somatostatin level, BAO, G-cell density, serum gastrin level between group 2 and control (p > 0.05). Hyperfunction of G-cells arose from impaired paracrine secretion of somatostatin, that strongly associated with increased index of infective load and increased index of adherence of HP to epitheliocytes of gastric antrum.
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PMID:[Helicobacter pylori, endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa, and their function in duodenal ulcer]. 892 36

The aim of the present study was to distinguish and describe the patterns of distribution of pancreatic islets within the pancreas of four species of laboratory animals, including rats, dogs, minipigs and monkeys, and furthermore, to identify immunohistochemically various islet cell types and characterize their content. Histopathological examinations were performed on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunostained using rabbit polyclonal antibodies (pAb) against insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, chromogranin A, keratin, bombesin and gastrin, or mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against synaptophysin, Leu-7 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in three-step rabbit immunoperoxidase (PAP) and streptavidin/peroxidase (StreptABC/HRP) reactions. Positive immunohistochemical reactions were observed in the pancreatic islets of all animal species with all antibodies, except with anti-bombesin and anti-gastrin antibodies. Our results revealed that: 1) there is species specific regional arrangement of islets in the pancreas, 2) each species presents a characteristic distribution of cells producing different hormones. 3) immunoreactivity with immunohistochemical markers varies between species and/or age. The present comparative immunohistochemical study could be helpful for answering questions which are important for understanding some of the intricate mechanisms that govern the integrated function of the endocrine pancreas.
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PMID:A comparative immunohistochemical study of pancreatic islets in laboratory animals (rats, dogs, minipigs, nonhuman primates). 968 46


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