Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lys-beta-urogastrone, an analogue of human beta-urogastrone with an additional N-terminal lysine, was shown to have similar effects in mice and sheep to mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF). Lys-beta-urogastrone in doses of 0.18-3.24 micrograms g-1 body weight caused both precocious separation of eyelids and eruption of incisors in neonatal mice. In 17 sheep, intravenous infusion of the urogastrone analogue over c. 24 h led, towards the end of infusion, to erythema of the muzzle, caused reductions in voluntary food intake (with doses greater than or equal to 50 micrograms kg-1) and generally easier manual harvesting of the fleece (with infusions greater than or equal to 81 micrograms kg-1), with spontaneous shedding of the fleece (c. 14 days after infusions of greater than or equal to 116 micrograms kg-1). In five sheep infusions of 25, 38, 50, 83 and 118 micrograms kg-1 fleece-free body weight, plasma concentrations of lys-beta-urogastrone were near maximal 20 h after the infusions started and were, respectively, 1.1, 1.7, 5.5, 18 and 79 micrograms l-1 plasma. Plasma concentrations of gastrin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide were determined in these five sheep. Plasma gastrin rose sixfold by the end of infusions of 25 micrograms kg-1 of the urogastrone analogue, and tenfold with the higher doses of infusion. Although plasma somatostatin concentrations were variable, a consistent trend was observed; lower levels were apparent during the lys-beta-urogastrone infusions. There was no discernible trend in pancreatic polypeptide concentrations.
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PMID:Effects of lys-beta-urogastrone in vivo. 290 24

Twelve partially gastrectomized subjects who have consecutively undergone total biliary diversion for severe bilious vomiting were studied before and after operation in order to assess the effects of surgery on gastric histology and enterogastric reflux. Before and six months after operation, the following protocol was performed: (1) blood examinations including serum basal gastrin; (2) endoscopy with multiple gastric biopsies; and (3) quantitation of bile acids in the gastric aspirate. Of the preoperative symptoms, bilious vomiting and heartburn completely disappeared postoperatively in all the subjects. Fasting bile reflux was significantly reduced (bile reflux was annulled in six and considerably lowered in the remaining six subjects), and erythema of the gastric mucosa completely disappeared in all the subjects after diversion. Among histological findings, while a significant regression of foveolar hyperplasia was found both in the perianastomotic area and in the body of gastric remnant, none of the other aspects identifiable in postgastrectomy gastric mucosa (chronic gastritis changes included) were affected by diversion. These results show that biliary diversion is effective in correcting reflux, bilious vomiting, erythema, and foveolar hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa and confirm the suggested relationship between bile reflux and gastric foveolar hyperplasia.
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PMID:Short-term effects of bile diversion on postgastrectomy gastric histology. 316

Renal failure is said to be a risk factor for peptic ulceration, although most previous studies were small and utilized radiology rather than endoscopy for diagnosis. We endoscoped 114 of 126 patients with end-stage renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis and found peptic ulcer in two (2%); one other patient not endoscoped had previously undergone ulcer surgery. Erythema, petechial spots, or erosions were found in another 58 patients (51%). The ranges of gastric acid output and serum gastrin were wide and were inversely correlated. The prevalence of peptic ulcer among patients on hemodialysis therefore appeared to be no higher than that in the general population. Elevated serum gastrin levels may be a response to hypochlorhydria.
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PMID:Prevalence of peptic ulcer in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. 325 19

The authors report a case of glucagonoma in a 52 years old man presenting a migratory necrolytic erythema. By conjugated means of arteriography and splenoportography with plasma glucagon assays the tumour was localized in the tail of the pancreas. Surgical excision was easy but hepatic metastases revealed the malignant nature of the tumor. This glucagonoma has been investigated by several approaches including electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and radioimmunological techniques. The tumor contained scattered glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactive cells; insuline, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin and VIP antisera gave negative results. Ultrastructurally, these cells showed atypical secretory granules different from A granules of the normal glucagon cell. Radio immunological determinations carried out after gel permeation chromatography of plasma revealed high molecular weight (4 000, 9 000, 14 000) immunoreactive glucagon peptides. They have been thought to be proglucagon forms which did not react with specific antiglucagon sera used in cytological studies. Reported data are consistent with the classification of this tumor in the category of glucagonoma with the "glucagonoma syndrome".
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PMID:[A human pancreatic glucagonoma, ultrastructural, immunocytochemical and radioimmunological investigations (author's transl)]. 627 65

The effects of indomethacin and carprofen on gastric secretion, serum gastrin level, electropotential difference, gastric microbleeding, DNA loss, mucosal blood flow and the production of mucosal prostaglandins (PGs) were investigated in a double-blind cross-over study in 18 healthy volunteers after one week of treatment. We did not observe any significant changes in basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretory parameters, serum gastrin level and electro-potential difference before and after treatment with these drugs. Mucosal blood flow was significantly reduced following indomethacin treatment. The most pronounced differences were found in endoscopic score studies of gastric mucosa. After indomethacin all subjects developed multiple erosions, submucosal haemorrhages, and half of them showed diffuse antral erythema. These effects were accompanied by a significant increase in both gastric microbleeding and DNA loss, and significant decrease in the production of PGE2. We concluded that carprofen, in contrast to indomethacin, did not alter gastric mucosal integrity and production of PGE2. This study indicates that the gastric mucosal damage by non-steroid anti-inflammatory compounds (NOSAC) depends upon the suppression of PGE2 biosynthesis, and that endogenous PGE2 is involved in the control of mucosal blood flow and mucosal integrity.
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PMID:Effect of carprofen and indomethacin on gastric function, mucosal integrity and generation of prostaglandins in men. 675 46

The glucagonoma syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by weight loss, necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), diabetes, stomatitis, and diarrhea. We identified 21 patients with the glucagonoma syndrome evaluated at the Mayo Clinic from 1975 to 1991. Although NME and diabetes help identify patients with glucagonomas, other manifestations of malignant disease often lead to the diagnosis. If the diagnosis is made after the tumor is metastatic, the potential for cure is limited. The most common presenting symptoms of the glucagonoma syndrome were weight loss (71%), NME (67%), diabetes mellitus (38%), cheilosis or stomatitis (29%), and diarrhea (29%). Although only 8 of the 21 patients had diabetes at presentation, diabetes eventually developed in 16 patients, 75% of whom required insulin therapy. Symptoms other than NME or diabetes mellitus led to the diagnosis of an islet cell tumor in 7 patients. The combination of NME and diabetes mellitus led to a more rapid diagnosis (7 months) than either symptom alone (4 years). Ten patients had diabetes mellitus before the onset of NME. No patients had NME clearly preceding diabetes mellitus. Increased levels of secondary hormones, such as gastrin (4 patients), vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 patient), serotonin (5 patients), insulin (6 patients, clinically significant in 1 only), human pancreatic polypeptide (2 patients), calcitonin (2 patients) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (2 patients), contributed to clinical symptoms leading to the diagnosis of an islet cell tumor before the onset of the full glucagonoma syndrome in 2 patients. All patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Surgical debulking, chemotherapy, somatostatin, and hepatic artery embolization offered palliation of NME, diabetes, weight loss, and diarrhea. Despite the malignant potential of the glucagonomas, only 9 of 21 patients had tumor-related deaths, occurring an average of 4.91 years after diagnosis. Twelve patients were still alive, with an average age follow-up of 3.67 years.
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PMID:The glucagonoma syndrome. Clinical and pathologic features in 21 patients. 860 27

A relationship between allergic diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection has recently been noted. We report a case of atopic dermatitis and H. pylori infection in a 14-year-old girl. She had had widespread diffuse skin erythema with erosions and pigmentation since the age of 3 years. Endoscopically, there was chronic antral gastritis with H. pylori infection and histological eosinophilic infiltration. A high titer of H. pylori-specific IgG was present in serum. She was treated with a proton pump inhibitor (lansoprazole 60 mg), an antibiotic (clarithromycin 800 mg), and plaunotol (a mucosal protective agent, 480 mg) for 2 weeks to eliminate the infection. After 10 days of treatment, erythema and itching were more widespread and vesicle formation was seen on the foot. Generalized skin lesions abated a few days later. After eradication of the bacterium by the treatment, eosinophils decreased from 38.8% to 19.0%, and the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis almost disappeared. Serum gastrin level and the pepsinogen I/II ratio were normalized and histological findings of gastric mucosa showed improvement. H. pylori-specific IgE antibody, analyzed by the Western blot method, gradually decreased with the eradication treatment.
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PMID:Atopic dermatitis successfully treated by eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 895 27

Rosacea is a common condition of unknown etiology usually accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms and favorably responding to the treatment with antibiotics. This study was designed to examine the prevalence of gastric Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection verified by 13C-UTB-test, CLO, Hp culture and serology (IgG) in patients with rosacea. Gastroduodenoscopy was combined with pentagastrin secretory test and antral and fundic biopsy samples were taken for histological evaluation (the Sydney system). Blood samples were also taken for the determination of plasma gastrin using RIA and plasma interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) using ELISA. This study was performed in 60 patients, 31-72 year old, with visible papules and pustules associated with erythema and flushing on the face and on 60 age- and gender-matched patients without any skin diseases but with similar as in rosacea gastrointestinal symptoms but without endoscopic changes in gastroduodenal mucosa (non-ulcer dyspepsia - NUD). The Hp prevalence in rosacea patients was about 88 % as compared to 65% in control NUD patients. Among rosacea patients, 67% were cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) positive, while in NUD patients only 32% were CagA positive. Rosacea patients showed gastritis with activity of about 2.1 in antrum and 0.9 in the corpus of the stomach while those with NUD only mild gastritis with activity of approximately 1.0) confined to the antrum only. Following initial examination, typical 1 wk anti-Hp therapy including omeprazole (20 mg bd.), clarithromycin (500 mg bd.) and metronidazol (500 mg bd.) was carried out. After eradication, 51 out of 53 treated rosacea patients became Hp negative. Within 2-4 weeks, the symptoms of rosacea disappeared in 51 patients, markedly declined in 1 and remained unchanged in 1 other subject. A dramatic reduction in activity of gastritis (to 0.3 in antrum and to 0.1 in corpus) was observed. Basal plasma gastrin decreased from 48 +/- 5 pM before to 17+/-3 pM after eradication, while pentagastrin-induced maximal (MAO) declined, respectively, from about 16.6 +/- 4.2 to 8.5 +/- 1.8 mmol/h. Plasma TNFalpha and IL-8 were reduced after the therapy by 72% and 65%, respectively. We conclude that: 1) Rosacea is a disorder with various gastrointestinal symptoms closely related to gastritis, especially involving the antrum mucosa, with Hp expressing cagA in the majority of cases and elevated plasma levels of TNFalpha and IL-8; 2) The eradication of Hp leads to a dramatic improvement of symptoms of rosacea and reduction in related gastrointestinal symptoms, gastritis, hypergastrinemia and gastric acid secretion; and 3) Rosacea could be considered as one of the major extragastric symptoms of Hp infection probably mediated by Hp-related cytotoxins and cytokines.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori and its eradication in rosacea. 1069 58

Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neoplasms originate from any of the various cell types belonging to the neuroendocrine system. A general characteristic of GEP endocrine tumours is that the vast majority produce and secrete a multitude of peptide hormones and amines. Many patients with malignant metastasising tumours present clinical symptoms related to hormone hyperproduction. These include the so-called carcinoid syndrome, characterised by flushing, diarrhoea, wheezing and right heart disease, which is predominantly associated with the serotonin- and tachykinins-producing carcinoids of the midgut. Several types of syndrome associated with GEP endocrine tumors are caused by overproduction of a specific hormone. For instance, the well-known Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is gastrin-mediated. The so-called 'insulinoma syndrome' depends on excessive production of insulin and proinsulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. The 'glucagonoma syndrome' is characterised by necrolytic migratory erythema, diabetes and diarrhoea. The Verner-Morrison syndrome, which is brought about by high circulating levels of vasointestinal peptide (VIP). produces severe secretory diarrhoea. Finally the 'somatostatinoma syndrome' involves gallbladder dysfunction and gallstones, diarrhoea with or without steatorrhea, and impaired glucose tolerance. The biochemical diagnosis of endocrine digestive tumors is based on general and specific markers. The best general markers are chromogranin A (CgA) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Specific markers for endocrine tumors include insulin, gastrin, glucagon, vaso intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin and the primary cathabolic product of serotonin, 5-hydroxyndoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Localisation procedures commonly applied, in the diagnosis of endocrine tumours include ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS).
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PMID:Epidemiology, clinical features and diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours. 1176 60

Glucagonoma of the pancreas is a rare tumor with distinct clinical manifestations, such as necrolytic migratory erythema,weight loss, anemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypoamino-acidemia. We report the case of a 68-year-old Japanese man who underwent curative resection for malignant glucagonoma of the pancreas diagnosed through anemia and diabetes mellitus. The patient had had diabetes mellitus for 20 years. Anemia was diagnosed in 1998. On admission, the hemoglobin level was 8.3g/dl, but the levels of serum iron, vitamin B12, and erythropoietin and, the number of reticulocytes were within normal limits. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9, and DUPAN-2 were also within normal limits, and exocrine function of the pancreas (PFD, 75%) was normal. Ultrasonography (US) revealed a hypoechoic tumor in the distal pancreas. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a high-density area 4 cm in diameter with calcification. The serum glucagon level was very high (2360 pg/ml), but the levels of other hormones such as somatostatin or gastrin were within normal limits, while insulin was low. Glucagonoma of the pancreas was diagnosed, and distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed a malignant endocrine tumor,which was immunohistochemically positive for chromogranin A and glucagon. Two months after the operation, the serum glucagon level had decreased to within normal limits and the hemoglobin level had increased to 10.4 g/dl. The case of glucagonoma reported here was found through diagnostic examinations of anemia and treated by surgical resection, by which the patient's anemia was largely alleviated. Therefore, we recommend checking patients who have diabetes mellitus and anemia in order to diagnose and treat glucagonoma in its early stage.
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PMID:Malignant glucagonoma of the pancreas diagnoses through anemia and diabetes mellitus. 1291 65


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