Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Willmen gastric bubble has been used as an adjunct to weight loss in morbidly obese patients. 35 patients with morbid obesity were studied with routine manometry, esophageal 24-h-pH-measurement, and gastric emptying studies before and 4 weeks after bubble placement. During emptying studies blood samples were taken to measure gastrin, PP, CCK, VIP, neurotensin and insulin. No patient developed heartburn or regurgitation after bubble placement. Esophageal motility and LES function remained unchanged. There was no important pathological gastroesophageal reflux before and after gastric bubble. The gastric emptying time of solid food was unchanged by gastric bubble placement and the emptying time of liquids was accelerated up to normal. In patients with fasting gastrin levels less than 20 pg/ml at the beginning of the first test we found no differences in gastrin release before and after bubble insertion. In patients with primary high fasting values gastrin release was significantly increased. CCK, VIP, neurotensin and insulin levels were unchanged. With PP we measured significantly raised fasting levels after gastric bubble. We conclude that esophageal and LES functions are not altered by Willmen gastric bubble placement and that primary retardation of fluids is changed to normal. Bubble induced gastric tension increases fasting PP. In case of high fasting gastrin the bubble leads to an extremely high food response without any clinical signs.
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PMID:[Does the stomach balloon modify the function of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter, stomach emptying and release of gastrointestinal peptides?]. 266 61

Twelve partially gastrectomized subjects who have consecutively undergone total biliary diversion for severe bilious vomiting were studied before and after operation in order to assess the effects of surgery on gastric histology and enterogastric reflux. Before and six months after operation, the following protocol was performed: (1) blood examinations including serum basal gastrin; (2) endoscopy with multiple gastric biopsies; and (3) quantitation of bile acids in the gastric aspirate. Of the preoperative symptoms, bilious vomiting and heartburn completely disappeared postoperatively in all the subjects. Fasting bile reflux was significantly reduced (bile reflux was annulled in six and considerably lowered in the remaining six subjects), and erythema of the gastric mucosa completely disappeared in all the subjects after diversion. Among histological findings, while a significant regression of foveolar hyperplasia was found both in the perianastomotic area and in the body of gastric remnant, none of the other aspects identifiable in postgastrectomy gastric mucosa (chronic gastritis changes included) were affected by diversion. These results show that biliary diversion is effective in correcting reflux, bilious vomiting, erythema, and foveolar hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa and confirm the suggested relationship between bile reflux and gastric foveolar hyperplasia.
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PMID:Short-term effects of bile diversion on postgastrectomy gastric histology. 316

It has been thought that upper intestinal symptoms of heartburn, regurgitation, belching, and chest pain experienced during exercise may represent esophageal dysfunction. The aim of this study is to examine esophageal function during moderate exercise in asymptomatic healthy athletes. Six healthy male athletes were exercised for 2 h on a treadmill set at a workload of 50% of their maximum oxygen uptake. Esophageal motility studies were performed immediately before, immediately after, and 1 h after the exercise. The mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure increased from a base line of 24 to 32 mm Hg immediately postexercise (p less than .01), reducing to 27 mm Hg after 1 hour rest. The mean amplitude and duration of esophageal peristalsis remained unchanged throughout the study. The significance of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure increase with moderate exercise is unknown but may relate to the observed exercise-induced increase in serum motilin, gastrin, and catecholamines.
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PMID:Effect of moderate exercise on esophageal function in asymptomatic athletes. 377 51

As a model of pseudopregnancy, the lower esophageal sphincter pressure and plasma gastrin and basal gastric pH levels were determined before and after diuresis in 10 men with tense ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver. Prior to diuresis, when abdominal pressure was increased, sphincter pressure was increased. After diuresis, when ascites was no longer a clinical problem, sphincter pressure was normal. None of the men had heartburn or demonstrable acid reflux either before or after diuresis. In addition, no differences in basal fasting levels of gastrin or gastric pH were noticed before and after diuresis. This study refutes a role for increased abdominal pressure due to an enlarging uterus in the pathogenesis of the heartburn of pregnancy. Moreover, it is consistent with those studies which suggest that increasing progesterone levels seen during pregnancy induce a loss of basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure and thereby allow the occurrence of acid reflux which produces symptomatic heartburn.
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PMID:Evidence refuting a role for increased abdominal pressure in the pathogenesis of the heartburn associated with pregnancy. 724 57

Gastroesophageal reflux has rarely been reported in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, presumably due to elevation in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure. We have evaluated 15 patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome for evidence of esophageal disease. Five presented initially with esophageal disease: one, reflux symptoms; two, severe esophagitis; and two, strictures. Six of 15 had heartburn and nine of 15, objective evidence for reflux disease. Mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure was higher in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome than in controls but was unrelated to serum gastrin levels. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients without heartburn had a higher mean sphincter pressure than did patients with heartburn (who had a mean sphincter pressure similar to that of controls but greater than that in patients with idiopathic gastroesophageal reflux). Four patients had biopsy evidence of esophagitis, one in association with Barrett's epithelium. Gastroesophageal reflux and its complications appear to be common in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
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PMID:Gastroesophageal reflux disease in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. 724 25

A study was carried out to measure gastro-oesophageal reflux in 6 asymptomatic and 9 heartburn subjects using a perfusion technique. Subjects swallowed a multi-lumen tube and the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was measured. A phenol red solution was then infused through it into the stomach for 90 minutes whilst the oesophagus was aspirated continuously. The quantity of phenol red in oesophageal and gastric aspirates over 10-minutes periods was measured. In the heartburn subjects reflux was 1.27 +/- 0.37 ml/min and in the control subjects 0.23 +/- 0.07 ml/min, (p = 0.02). After 10 ml of an antacid combination, reflux in heartburn subjects was reduced to 0.59 +/- 0.18 ml/min and 0.68 +/- 0.16 ml/min in the second and third 30-minute period. Sphincter pressures increased from 8.9 to 11.8 mmHg. Control subjects showed little change in sphincter pressure or reflux after the antacid. Serum gastrin and secretin levels did not change in either group. This technique enables gastro-oesophageal flow rates to be easily measured. The results suggest that antacid administration tends to normalize lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and gastro-oesophageal reflux in patients with heartburn.
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PMID:Measurement of gastro-oesophageal reflux after antacid administration using a perfusion technique. 726 62

Many patients with acid-peptic disease have idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion defined as a basal acid output > 10.0 meq/hr; however, a significant proportion have basal acid outputs > 15.0 meq/hr, which is within the range found in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Although idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion is more common than Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, it is important that these two disorders be differentiated because of differences in treatment and natural history. In the present study, we compared 124 patients with idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion and 137 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. There were no significant differences with regard to age at diagnosis, history of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, and family history of duodenal ulcer and other acid-peptic disease. However, significant differences were observed between patients with idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion and patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with regard to percentage of males: 77% compared to 64% (P = 0.008), mean serum gastrin: 60 pg/ml compared to 3679 pg/ml (normal < 100 pg/ml) (P < 0.001), mean basal acid output: 15.4 meq/hr compared to 47.0 meq/hr (P < 0.001), mean age at onset of symptoms: 33 years compared to 41 years (P < 0.001), mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis: 11 years compared to five years (P < 0.001), percentage with abdominal pain: 67% compared to 82% (P = 0.00004), percentage with diarrhea: 12% compared to 75% (P < 0.000001), percentage with pyrosis: 58% compared to 40% (P = 0.003), percentage with duodenal ulcer: 53% compared to 74% (P < 0.000001), and percentage with esophagitis: 31% compared to 42% (P = 0.0004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion. Comparison with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. 802 53

This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, 8-wk study compared the new H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, lansoprazole, 30 mg daily, to ranitidine 150 mg bid for treatment of erosive reflux esophagitis resistant to histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA). Patients were evaluated after 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk of treatment by symptom assessment and endoscopy. Healing rates for lansoprazole were 71%, 80%, 88%, and 89% at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk, respectively, compared to 21%, 33%, 45%, and 38% for ranitidine (p < 0.001 at all points). Lansoprazole was significantly more effective than ranitidine for relief of heartburn and reduction of antacid tablet use. Increases in serum gastrin concentrations between the baseline and the 8-wk visit were greater in lansoprazole-treated than in ranitidine-treated patients. Lansoprazole was safe and well tolerated. In patients with erosive reflux esophagitis resistant to standard doses of H2RA, lansoprazole 30 mg/day is more effective than continuation of an H2RA (ranitidine 150 mg bid) for healing of esophagitis and improvement of symptoms.
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PMID:Treatment of reflux esophagitis resistant to H2-receptor antagonists with lansoprazole, a new H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor: a controlled, double-blind study. Lansoprazole Study Group. 810 95

Numerous epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between lung cancer and peptic ulcer disease. Furthermore, various lung cancers synthesize and release a number of peptides such as gastrin and gastrin-releasing peptide that could cause acid hypersecretion; however, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), because of a lung tumor, has never been described. We report such a patient for the first time. A 60-year-old man with a non-small cell lung carcinoma (large cell type) presented with diarrhea, heartburn, abdominal pain, and duodenal ulcers. Evaluation showed ZES was present (fasting hypergastrinemia, hyperchlorhydria) and control of all symptoms by omeprazole. No abdominal or cardiac tumor, the other known locations of gastrinomas causing ZES, was found on detailed tumor imaging studies. Resection of the lung tumor resulted in a decrease in gastrin levels to normal values. Plasma radioimmunoassays showed elevated gastrin, chromogranin A and normal levels of gastrin-releasing peptide, and 9 other hormones. The tumor showed similar immunocytochemical results. The characteristics of this case are compared with 100 cases of sporadic abdominal gastrinomas, and the evidence reviewed suggests why ZES should be considered in patients with lung cancer with peptic symptoms.
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PMID:A new cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: non-small cell lung cancer. 1126 90

The present study was performed in order to evaluate: (1) the influence of a bicarbonate-alkaline mineral water (Uliveto) on digestive symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia; (2) the effects of Uliveto on preclinical models of gastric functions. Selected patients complained of dyspeptic symptoms in the absence of digestive lesions or Helicobacter pylori infection within the previous 3 months. They were treated with Uliveto water (1.5 l day(-1)) for 30 days. Frequency and severity of symptoms were assessed at baseline and day 30 by a score system. Preclinical experiments were carried out on rats, allowed to drink Uliveto or oligomineral water for 30 days. Animals then underwent pylorus ligation to evaluate gastric secretion of acid, pepsinogen, and mucus. In separate experiments, gastric emptying was assessed. Crenotherapy was associated with a relief of epigastric pain, retrosternal pyrosis, postprandial fullness and gastric distention. At preclinical level, Uliveto water increased acid and pepsinogen secretions as well as gastric emptying, without changes in bound mucus. The enhancing actions of Uliveto on gastric secretions and emptying were prevented by L-365,260, an antagonist of gastrin/CCK-2 receptors. These findings indicate that a regular intake of Uliveto favors an improvement of dyspeptic symptoms. The preclinical study suggests that the clinical actions of Uliveto water depend mainly on its ability to enhance gastric motor and secretory functions.
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PMID:Effects of a bicarbonate-alkaline mineral water on gastric functions and functional dyspepsia: a preclinical and clinical study. 1245 26


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