Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An enkephalin analogue [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met(o)-ol] enkephalin (DAMME), given intravenously to normal subjects raised serum prolactin and growth-hormone levels but lowered serum levels of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, cortisol, and corticotrophin. There was also a small fall in total glucagon and gastric inhibitory peptide (G.I.P.) and a rise in thyrotrophin. beta-Lipotrophin, motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, insulin, gastrin, and pancreatic glucagon were unchanged. Blood-glycerol increased, and blood lactate, alanine, and glucose fell. Prior administration of the opiate antagonist, naloxone, attenuated the hormonal responses to DAMME. This enkephalin analogue produces endocrine and metabolic changes in man which may be mediated through opiate-binding receptors both within and outside the brain. The enkephalins and related substances may provide an important link between perception, behaviour, and neuroendocrine regulation of hormone secretion and metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Hormonal and metabolic responses to an enkephalin analogue in normal man. 8 35

The cause of gastroesophageal reflux occurring during pregnancy is not completely understood but may be related to changes in the hormonal environment specifically related to pregnancy. To evaluate the possible role of prolactin, one of the hormones elevated during pregnancy, we studied the effect of endogenously elevated serum prolactin concentrations, induced by I.V. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), on lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) in normal subjects. Elevated prolactin concentrations (P less than 0.0001), did not change LESP over a 60-minute period. Serum gastrin concentration did not change significantly at any time during the study. We conclude: 1. acute elevations of serum prolactin comparable to the concentrations that occur during pregnancy did not change LESP; 2. there is no evidence that the hypothalamic regulating factor TRH affects serum gastrin concentration in man.
 ...
PMID:Effect of endogenous hyperprolactinemia on human lower esophagel sphincter pressure. 10 98

Adult rats were rendered diabetic by a single iv injection of streptozotocin (70 or 75 mg/kg). In these rats, serum insulin fell to minimal levels during the 48 h following drug treatment, and this was roughly paralleled by a progressive decrease in the ability of the lung to oxidize glucose. The addition of insulin to diabetic rat lung slices in vitro had no restorative effect on the depressed glucose oxidative rate during a 2 h incubation period; however, two daily treatments of the rats with 1 unit of protamine, zinc insulin completely restored lung glucose oxidation rate to normal, without significantly reducing the hyperglycemic state of the rats. An examination of the temporal changes in glucose utilization by the rat lung after acute insulin treatment revealed that the diabetic lung responded directly to serum levels of insulin, whereas the normal lung appeared to be unaffected by serum insulin levels as hihg as 87 ng/ml. The reduced rate of glucose oxidation in the diabetic lung was apparent after perfusion of the lung with glucose-free medium, and was characterized by a significant reduction in Vmax without an alteration in Km. This was attended by a depressed ability of the lung to incorporate [3H]leucine into protein and an increased ability to produce lactate, but hexose monophosphate shunt activity was normal. Specific receptors for insulin have been identified and partially characterized in crude membrane preparations of normal rat lung. The interaction of insulin with these receptors was rapid, reversible, saturable, and was dependent upon time and temperature. The binding of labeled insulin was inhibited by low concentrations of unlabeled insulin and by high concentrations of proinsulin, whereas it was unaffected by the presence of glucagon, gastrin, prolactin, ACTH, or growth hormone in microgram amounts. These observations suggest that insulin regulates the transport and utilization of glucose in the rat lung, and that this tissue contains specific receptors for insulin.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary insulin responsivitiy: in vivo effects of insulin on the diabetic rat lung and specific insulin binding to lung receptors in normal rats. 14 46

Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed for two subsequent days in 4 patients with active acromegaly, 2 patients with prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas and one insulinoma patient. Thirty minutes before the second OGTT 250 mug of somatostatin were injected intravenously as a bolus followed by a somatostatin infusion (500 mug) over 21/2 hours. The OGTTs were pathologic due to the hGH- and hPRL-induced insulin antagonism; they could not be normalized or improved by somatostatin. Only the peak of the blood sugar curve was shifted from one to two and a half hours after glucose administration; insulin and hGH levels were regularly suppressed after somatostatin whereas hPRL remained unchanged in most instances. Gastrin levels increased in all patients during the OGTT, the increase was suppressed in 4 patients. These findings show that the pathologic glucose tolerance due to insulin antagonism could not be improved by somatostatin in contrast to the deteriorated glucose tolerance in insulinopenic states.
 ...
PMID:[Influence of somatastatin on oral glucose tolerance in autonomous hypersecretion of growth hormone, prolactin or insulin (author's transl)]. 17 8

Somatostatin, a peptide isolated from ovine hypothalami, prevents growth hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, somatostatin interferes with the secretion of various other hormones: TSH insulin, glucagon, gastrin, VIP and GIP. Under certain conditions a blunting effect on the secretion of prolactin and ACTH can be demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:[Somatostatin -- a review (author's transl)]. 126 5

There is a great variation in body weight loss during lactation among primiparous sows fed a standard diet that is adjusted based on the number of piglets nursed and the maintenance requirements. Energy and protein catabolism is more pronounced during the first 1 to 3 weeks of lactation and sows with low weight loss recover earlier from their negative energy balance during lactation than sows with high weight loss. Using continuous blood collection a decrease in plasma levels of oxytocin, prolactin, and insulin, and an increase in plasma levels and no of LH pulses during lactation were demonstrated. Prolactin levels gradually increased in response to each suckling while only 40-50% of recorded sucklings induced a significant rise in plasma oxytocin. Following a 24-h fast during lactation, levels of prolactin were very low but increased rapidly after refeeding. Even plasma levels of insulin and glucose decreased to very low levels during fasting, but the release of LH was similar before and after refeeding. Weaning resulted in decrease in plasma levels of prolactin and increase in plasma levels and no. of LH pulses. Plasma levels of cortisol showed a diurnal pattern of change which disappeared on the day of weaning. In response to weaning plasma levels of glucagon and gastrin decreased, whereas insulin and somatostatin increased. At weaning sows with low weight loss during lactation had higher plasma insulin and lower plasma cortisol levels than sows with high weight loss, but no differences in levels or no. of LH pulses were observed between the two groups of sows.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic and reproductive hormones during lactation and the post-weaning period in sows. 134 70

Cysteamine, a potent duodenal ulcerogen, stimulates gastric acid and gastrin secretion and decreases immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) from the gut and hypothalamus of the rat. To elucidate the structural requirements for this effect, we tested a series of cysteamine analogs for their IRS decreasing activity in comparison with their nucleophilic and reducing potencies. Adult female rats were sacrificed 4 hr after p.o. administration of the test chemicals given in molar equivalents to 30 mg/100 g of cysteamine-HCl. IRS decreasing activity in gastric mucosa, expressed as percentage of controls is listed in descending order: cystamine (55%), cysteamine (59%), 2-dimethylaminethanethiol (59%), ethylamine (66%), 1,3-propanedithiol (70%), propylamine (75%) and 3-aminothiophenol (79%). The following thiols and amines had no IRS decreasing effect (80% of controls): L-cysteine, ethanethiol, 1-propanethiol, penicillamine, dimercaprol, 1-4-dithiothreitol, ethanolamine, propionitrile, n-butyronitrile, o-, m- or p-aminophenol. The aryl 2-, 3- or 4-aminothiophenols, unlike most of their aminophenol analogs also decreased immunoreactive prolactin in the pituitary by 38 to 78%. IRS decreasing activity was independent of the reducing potency of cysteamine derivatives but was correlated significantly (r = 0.793, P < .01) with electron affinity of -SH, -NH2, -OH and -CN radicals in terminal alkyl chemicals. The structural requirement for decreasing activity is the presence of either -SH and -NH2 on a 2 to 3 carbon alkyl or aryl molecule. Both radicals when present together increase potency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Somatostatin depleting potency of cysteamine-related thiols and amines in the rat: structure-activity relation. 135 14

Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptides (beta-endorphin, substance P, arginine vasopressin, oxytocin), pituitary hormones (adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), gonadal inhibin, gastrin, and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)) was carried out in marmoset testis during development. Both intensity of immunostaining and distribution of these peptides in testicular compartments viz. seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells changed dramatically during development. In vitro biosynthesis of inhibin and FSH was increased by hCG, whereas prolactin (5 micrograms) and prostatic inhibin peptide suppressed the synthesis of these hormones.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of bioregulatory peptides in marmoset testes. 138 Feb 34

Endocrine abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure are well documented. The present study aimed to assess the influence of long-term erythropoietin (EPO) therapy on endocrine abnormalities in haemodialyzed patients. Two groups of haemodialyzed patients, each of which comprised 17 subjects, were examined. The first one treated by EPO (EPO group) while the second one did not receive this hormone (NO-EPO group). A complete biochemical and hormonal check-up was performed before and at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of the study period. Normal values for the estimated parameters were obtained in appropriately selected sex and age-matched healthy subjects. After EPO therapy an increase of the haematocrit value from 21.8 +/- 0.9% to 32.6 +/- 0.9% was observed which was accompanied by a significant decline of plasma ferritin and saturation of transferrin. In patients of the NO-EPO group a significant although less marked rise of the haematocrit value (21.4 +/- 0.4% to 24.2 +/- 0.6%) was also noticed. EPO therapy did not change electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, inorganic phosphate), osteocalcin, creatinine, glucose and alkaline phosphatase plasma levels as well as plasma concentrations of calcium related hormones (PTH, calcitonin, 1.25(OH)2D3) and vasopressin (AVP). EPO treatment induced a significant decline of somatotropin (HGH), prolactin (PRO), follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LH), ACTH, cortisol, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, insulin (IRI), glucagon (IR-G), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin plasma levels and an increase of plasma estradiol, testosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). These EPO induced endocrine alterations were restricted mostly to the first 6 months of EPO administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Influence of long-term erythropoietin therapy on endocrine abnormalities in haemodialyzed patients. 145 6

The effect of total weaning (all piglets were weaned at 35 days of lactation) and fractionated weaning (the heavier half of the litter was weaned on day 33 of lactation and the remainder 2 days later) on plasma levels of prolactin, oxytocin, insulin, glucagon, glucose, gastrin and somatostatin in primiparous sows was studied. Twelve crossbred sows were grouped into six pairs according to farrowing data and litter size. The litter of one sow in each pair was weaned in two stages (treatment), and the other was conventionally weaned (control). Blood samples were collected via a permanent jugular vein catheter every 3 hours from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. from day 31 of lactation until the third day of final weaning. In response to total weaning (studied in the six control sows), plasma prolactin, glucagon and gastrin decreased significantly, whereas plasma insulin and somatostatin significantly increased. Basal concentrations of plasma oxytocin and glucose remained unchanged after weaning. Fractionated weaning did not result in any significant differences in the hormonal and glucose levels as compared with the total weaning. The possible role of prolactin in modulating insulin, glucagon and glucose concentrations as well as the possibility that oxytocin affects gastrin and somatostatin levels following weaning are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Effects of weaning on plasma levels of prolactin, oxytocin, insulin, glucagon, glucose, gastrin and somatostatin in sows. 167 12


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>