Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of pseudohypoparathyroidism has been investigated. Indirect evidence allows to eliminate a defect of renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase as the determining factor of this condition. Similarly, the increased size of the mean surface area of the cross-section of periosteocytic lacunae, as determined on decalcified sections of bone obtained by transiliac biopsy, shows the osteocytes to be sensitive to the endogenous PTH, discarding cAMP response to PTH in bone as a prerequisite for PTH action on bone. The authors conclude from these data and from previous experiments that the defect of parathyroid function in this condition probably relates to the existence of an abnormal PTH molecule and/or metabolism and/or interaction with the receptors sites. The endocrine function was studied as well. Prediabetes was demonstrated, as well as primary latent hypothyroidism (TRH test). Prolactin release could not be stimulated by TRH, levodopa, metoclopramide, chlorpromazine and insulin hypoglycemia. The latter produced a normal release of ACTH (as ascertained by plasma cortisol levels) and GH, and possibly a sluggish response of glucagon and gastrin. There was a deficiency of urinary concentration upon restriction of fluid intake. This was only partially corrected by ADH administration.
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PMID:[Physio-pathology of pseudohypoparathyroidism (author's transl)]. 22 97

Somatostatine is the hypothalamic factor which inhibits the secretion of growth hormone. The administration of a synthetic form decreased growth hormone levels by 50 to 75% in 5 acromegalic patients. The action is rapid but the effect is not prolonged. Prolactin was reduced in only case with galactorrhea. Thyreostimulin, as well as gastrin, are unaffected. Plasma insulin levels, and to a lesser extent those of glucagon, are decreased by somatostatine which causes no variation in either cortisol or blood glucose. Somatostatine, by correcting the pathological secretion of hormone, opens the way to medical treatment of acromegaly.
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PMID:[The effects of somatostatin in acromegaly]. 77 91

There is a great variation in body weight loss during lactation among primiparous sows fed a standard diet that is adjusted based on the number of piglets nursed and the maintenance requirements. Energy and protein catabolism is more pronounced during the first 1 to 3 weeks of lactation and sows with low weight loss recover earlier from their negative energy balance during lactation than sows with high weight loss. Using continuous blood collection a decrease in plasma levels of oxytocin, prolactin, and insulin, and an increase in plasma levels and no of LH pulses during lactation were demonstrated. Prolactin levels gradually increased in response to each suckling while only 40-50% of recorded sucklings induced a significant rise in plasma oxytocin. Following a 24-h fast during lactation, levels of prolactin were very low but increased rapidly after refeeding. Even plasma levels of insulin and glucose decreased to very low levels during fasting, but the release of LH was similar before and after refeeding. Weaning resulted in decrease in plasma levels of prolactin and increase in plasma levels and no. of LH pulses. Plasma levels of cortisol showed a diurnal pattern of change which disappeared on the day of weaning. In response to weaning plasma levels of glucagon and gastrin decreased, whereas insulin and somatostatin increased. At weaning sows with low weight loss during lactation had higher plasma insulin and lower plasma cortisol levels than sows with high weight loss, but no differences in levels or no. of LH pulses were observed between the two groups of sows.
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PMID:Metabolic and reproductive hormones during lactation and the post-weaning period in sows. 134 70

The effects of suckling on plasma somatostatin, insulin and gastrin values were evaluated in eight nursing women on the 3rd to 4th day postpartum. Plasma prolactin levels were also determined. Prolactin levels increased in response to suckling, as expected. Insulin levels also rose, whereas somatostatin and gastrin concentrations did not change after suckling. It is possible that the suckling-induced hyperinsulinemia blunts the somatostatin response to suckling in humans.
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PMID:Influence of suckling on plasma concentrations of somatostatin, insulin and gastrin in lactating women. 197 86

A multicentre maintenance trial was conducted in 63 peptic ulcer patients to investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous cimetidine maintenance therapy for up to 5 years. In Amsterdam the male patients were investigated yearly for possible endocrinologic changes and to monitor gastric acid secretory capacity. Patients with healed ulcers entered maintenance treatment with a 400-mg bedtime dose of cimetidine. The yearly relapse rates decreased from 20% to 6% from year 1 to year 4. Adverse reactions observed in this study were not different from those previously reported with cimetidine. Endocrinologic studies in 10 male patients showed a small but consistent increase in basal gastrin in the 3rd and 4th year, stabilizing in the 5th year. Prolactin levels showed a gradual increase during the first 3 years but remained well within the normal range. In the 4th and 5th year they decreased again; however, the changes noted were rather modest. It is concluded from this study that weak nocturnal acid inhibition with cimetidine maintenance treatment not only continues to be effective and safe beyond 1 year but also reduces the risk of relapse over time. No relevant endocrinologic abnormalities are to be expected with this regimen of modest nocturnal acid suppression.
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PMID:Five-year cimetidine maintenance trial for peptic ulcer disease. A clinical and endocrinologic approach. 226 84

The objective was to evaluate the effects of suckling within 30 min after birth when skin-to-skin body contact for mothers and infants was held constant in both cases (n = 32) and control groups (n = 25). Mother-infant interaction during breast-feeding, infants' time spent in nursery and different aspects of breast-feeding were evaluated. Prolactin and gastrin were measured in maternal serum before and after breast-feeding on day 4 post partum. The aim to evaluate effects of early post delivery suckling failed since only six of the 32 case infants did suck at this time. In spite of this, we found three significant differences among cases and controls. In the case group where all infants had touched or licked the areola and nipple, the mothers left the infants in the nursery for a significantly shorter time and significantly more mothers talked to their infants during the short breast-feeding observation. Median gastrin levels were significantly lower in cases than in controls both before (P less than 0.01) and after (P less than 0.03) breast-feeding. In conclusion, the infant's early touch of the mother's areola and nipple seemed to have positively influenced the mother/infant relationship during the first four days after birth. It was also associated with lower maternal gastrin levels which suggests that maternal neuroendocrine functions were also influenced. Ten months after birth, we found no differences between cases and controls.
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PMID:Short-term effects of early suckling and touch of the nipple on maternal behaviour. 231 52

The levels of growth hormone, vasopressin, prolactin, calcitonin, gastrin, insulin, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine were measured in six lactating women during breast feeding. Prolactin levels increased in response to suckling as expected. In addition, insulin levels rose two-fold. No consistent changes were observed in the levels of the other hormones. It is suggested that the suckling related insulin release is either secondary to a reflexly induced activation of the vagal nerves or to the increased circulating levels of prolactin. Furthermore, it is suggested that the insulin release in response to suckling participates in the stimulation of milk production.
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PMID:Suckling in lactating women stimulates the secretion of insulin and prolactin without concomitant effects on gastrin, growth hormone, calcitonin, vasopressin or catecholamines. 638 80

The effect of porcine gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), a heptacosapeptide with potent gastrin releasing activity which has recently been isolated from porcine non-antral gastric tissue, on pituitary function was investigated in the rat. Graded doses of synthetic porcine GRP were injected intravenously and the animals were killed at various intervals after injection. Prolactin, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in serum by specific radioimmunoassays. GRP had no significant effect on prolactin, growth hormone or FSH serum concentrations at any dose or sampling time studied. In contrast, the heptacosapeptide significantly stimulated LH release and suppressed TSH secretion with injection of low doses. There are striking structural and some functional similarities between GRP and bombesin, an amphibian skin tetradecapeptide which shows amino acid homology with the C-terminal region of GRP. This suggests that the endocrine effects of GRP may be mediated by its bombesin-like residue.
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PMID:Gastrin releasing peptide: endocrine functions in the rat. 685 57

Ostertagia spp. affect their hosts in several complex interactions involving structural, biochemical, hormonal, nutritional and immunological mechanisms. Following infection with Ostertagia spp. the specialised secretory function and junctional integrity of gastric epithelial cells is lost. The pH of the abomasal contents is elevated and pepsinogen concentration in the plasma increases. There is a concurrent elevation in the concentration of blood gastrin. The effects may be a response to the physical interaction of parasite with epithelial cells, may be mediated through parasite excretory/secretory products, or by neural mechanisms. There may also be interactions between the responses since elevated abomasal pH stimulates secretion of gastrin. Hormonal changes may also have a role in the increased susceptibility of host to parasite during the periparturient period. Prolactin was considered the most likely hormone candidate although there is now a body of evidence to suggest that elevated prolactin concentrations are not solely responsible. Infection with Ostertagia spp. causes a marked inappetance, negative nitrogen balance and reduction in apparent gross energy digestion. The level of nutrition may also affect the response of the host to the parasites and establishment of O. circumcincta is lower in animals on a low plane of nutrition than those on a high plane. Immunity of Ostertagia spp. develops slowly and once established is manifest following challenge by an initial hypersensitivity response, followed by a cell mediated response and then an antibody response. Parasites may fail to establish or may be expelled from immune animals and if they do establish may be stunted with small vulval flaps and lower biotic potential and may become inhibited at the early fourth stage of development.
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PMID:Interactions of Ostertagia species with their bovine and ovine hosts. 835 96