Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric acid secretion, pepsin concentration in gastric juice and acetylcholinesterase and histidine decarboxylase activities in gastric mucosa of rats treated with dichlorvos (DDVP) were investigated. The increase of HCl secretion, the decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity and enhanced activity of histidine decarboxylase were observed. It is suggested that a higher gastric acid secretion is secondary to histamine production in gastric mucosa, induced by acetylcholine yields gastrin yields histidine decarboxylase mechanism.
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PMID:Dichlorvos intoxication and gastric secretion. 11 26

The effects of famotidine on human upper gastrointestinal motility were investigated, together with the relationship of gastric alkalinization and serum gastrin levels to changes produced by famotidine. Intravenous famotidine (20 mg), at a dose level in which an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase activity is not recognized, was given to 13 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis but no other disorders. Gastric phasic motor activity was not changed significantly, but the lower esophageal sphincter pressure was elevated significantly in comparison with 15 controls given physiological saline, even when gastric phasic motor activity was taken into consideration. Gastric alkalinization with 7% sodium bicarbonate did not significantly increase the sphincter pressure in all 7 subjects so treated. No significant correlation was recognized between the serum gastrin level, the lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and the gastric motility index in any of the 3 groups. It was, therefore, concluded that intravenous administration of famotidine affected upper gastrointestinal motility, especially the lower esophageal sphincter pressure, through an as yet unknown mechanism other than inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, gastric alkalinization, or elevation of serum gastrin levels.
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PMID:Effects of famotidine on upper gastrointestinal motility in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. 164 84

Addition of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to antral mucosal fragments in short-term incubation results in dose-dependent and bicuculline-sensitive stimulation of gastrin release and inhibition of somatostatin release, respectively. These effects of GABA on antral gastrin and somatostatin release closely resembled the actions of cholinergic agonists on G- and D-cell function. The present study examines the possibility that the effects of GABA on antral peptide release may be mediated, in part, through stimulation of antral cholinergic neurons. Inclusion of either atropine or pirenzepine in incubation medium prevented GABA-induced stimulation of gastrin release and inhibition of somatostatin release. Addition of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine, caused a leftward shift in the GABA dose-response curve and increased by 10-fold the sensitivity of the antral preparation to GABA stimulation. Studies with tetrodotoxin suggest that GABA-stimulated gastrin release is mediated through activation of neurons contained within the antral mucosal/submucosal fragments. Hexamethonium, the ganglionic nicotinic receptor antagonist, did not affect GABA-induced gastrin release. These results indicate that GABA affects antral gastrin and somatostatin release through stimulation of antral postganglionic cholinergic neurons.
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PMID:Cholinergic mediation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-induced gastrin and somatostatin release from rat antrum. 287 17

The detrusor muscle, bladder neck, proximal, middle and distal regions of the urethra of the female pig were studied by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to localize catecholamine-containing, acetylcholinesterase-positive and peptide-containing nerves. The peptides examined included: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, somatostatin, [Met]enkephalin, bombesin and gastrin. The greatest density of nerves was found in the smooth muscle of the distal urethra, followed by the bladder neck, middle urethra, and proximal urethra, with the least in the detrusor muscle. The greatest number of nerve fibres stained for acetylcholinesterase, followed by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and catecholamine-containing fibres. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres were confined to the bladder neck and distal urethral regions. [Met]enkephalin-and gastrin-immunoreactive nerves were most dense in the distal urethra but absent in detrusor muscle, while somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were sparsely distributed throughout the lower urinary tract. No nerve fibres showing immunoreactivity to bombesin were found. Catecholamine-containing, acetylcholinesterase-positive, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, [Met]enkephalin- and gastrin-immunoreactive nerves were also found on the adventitial-medial border of blood vessels in the pig urinary tract. In the intrinsic external urethral sphincter, located in the distal urethra, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and gastrin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found bordering a small number of individual striated muscle fibres, while catecholamine-containing nerves were found predominantly in the connective tissue surrounding the striated muscle fibres. Dense populations of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres were found associated with the striated muscle fibres, with end plates on some of them. Intramural ganglia, composed of two to 30 neurones, were found in the bladder neck and middle and distal regions of the urethra. In the smooth muscle, and in the vicinity of the striated muscle regions of the intrinsic external urethral sphincter, there were small ganglia, containing two to three neurones, which were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, [Met]enkephalin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive. The results are compared to the autonomic innervation of the human bladder and urethra as previously described and it is concluded that the lower urinary tract of the pig is a good model for some features of the lower urinary tract of man, but a poor model for others.
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PMID:A histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the autonomic innervation of the lower urinary tract of the female pig. Is the pig a good model for the human bladder and urethra? 291 69

The innervation of rat antral gastrin-producing cells (G-cells) was studied by light and electron microscopy. Combination of histochemistry for acetylcholinesterase and immunofluorescence for gastrin in the same tissue section showed apparent contact between some of the G-cells and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves. Electron microscopic observation, however, revealed gaps of 200-500 nm or more between the G-cells and the closest nerve axons which often contained large dense-cored vesicles. The latter may represent the storage sites for neuropeptides previously localized by immunohistochemistry in gastric nerves.
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PMID:Innervation of rat antral gastrin-producing cells. 702 79

21 patients with mild type of chronic superficial gastritis were selected in this study. The effect of electroacupuncture in Zhongwan (RM12), Neiguan (P6) and Sanyinjiao (Sp6) on gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin, plasma somatostatin, plasma motilin concentration and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity were observed. The results were as follows: There were significant decreases in gastric acid output, serum gastrin concentration and AchE activity (P < 0.05), but no significant changes in plasma somatostatin and motilin concentration (P > 0.05) after simultaneous electroacupuncture in Zhongwan, Neiguan and Sanyinjiao.
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PMID:[Effect of electroacupuncture on gastric acid secretion and gut hormones]. 771 1

The role of the autonomic nervous system in cell proliferation of the gastric mucosa during restraint water immersion stress was investigated utilizing the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and its progenitor, the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). Three hours of water-immersion restraint induced gastric lesions more frequently in WKY than in SHR, although there were few visual lesions in either strain in two hours of stress. The number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) positive cells in the corpus ventriculi mucosa markedly decreased in the WKY, but did not change in the SHR after two hours of water-immersion restraint stress. The acetylcholine content in the mucosa significantly decreased and the density of acetylcholinesterase (ACh-E) containing fiber of mucosa remarkably increased in only WKY after two hours stress exposure. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in either the responsiveness or the content of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which indicates sympathetic nervous function, after stress exposure in WKY and SHR. Similarly, the response of serum gastrin was not significantly different between the two strains. These results strongly suggest that the parasympathetic nerve plays an essential role in cell proliferation of the gastric mucosa in the pathogenesis of stress ulcer.
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PMID:The effect of the autonomic nervous system on cell proliferation of the gastric mucosa in stress ulcer formation. 832 98

The distribution of four neuroactive substances was studied in the telencephalon of the collared dove using enzyme- and immunohistochemistry. The distribution of acetylcholinesterase and dopamine was similar to that described in other birds. Galanin-immunoreactive fibres were found mainly in the paleostriatum primitivum , the medial part of the parolfactory lobe (LPO) and the lateral septal nucleus; galanin may interfere with acetylcholine activity. Intense gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)-immunoreactivity was found in the neuropil of LPO, the ventral paleostriatum and the caudal archistriatum; further GRP-immunoreactive varicosities were found in the neostriatum and the hyperstriatum ventrale - particularly in its medial part - whereas GRP-immunoreactive cells occurred in the medial neostriatum, the hyperstriatum accessorium and the ventral archistriatum. These data help to define more precisely several functional telencephalic systems, but no indications for specific centers with a role in vocalization were found.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of forebrain areas in the collared dove (streptopelia decaocto). 1034 45

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistant starch (RS) on activated carbon-induced constipation in ICR mice. ICR mice were fed on diet containing 15% RS of type RS2, RS3 or RS4 for 9 days. Gastrointestinal transit, defecation time and intestinal tissue histopathological sections, as well as motilin (MTL), gastrin (Gas), endothelin (ET), somatostatin (SS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels in serum were used to evaluate the preventive effects of RS on constipation. Bisacodyl, a laxative drug, was used as a positive control. The time to the first black stool defecation for normal, control, bisacodyl-treated (100 mg/kg, oral administration) and RS2-, RS3- and RS4-treated mice was 78, 208, 109, 181, 144 and 173 min, respectively. Following the consumption of RS2, RS3 and RS4 or the oral administration of bisacodyl (100 mg/kg), the gastrointestinal transit was reduced to 37.7, 52.1, 39.3 and 87.3%, respectively, of the transit in normal mice, respectively. Histopathological sections of intestinal tissue also underscored the protective effect of RS3. The serum levels of MTL, Gas, ET, AChE, SP and VIP were significantly increased and the serum levels of SS were reduced in the mice treated with RS compared with those in the untreated control mice (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that RS has preventive effects on mouse constipation and RS3 demonstrated the best functional activity.
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PMID:Preventive effect of resistant starch on activated carbon-induced constipation in mice. 2393 51

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum Lee (LF-Lee) on activated carbon-induced constipation in ICR mice. ICR mice were orally administered lactic acid bacteria for nine days. Body weight, dietary and water intake, defecation status, gastrointestinal (GI) transit and defecation time, as well as levels of motilin (MTL), gastrin (Gas), endothelin (ET), somatostatin (SS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in serum were measured to evaluate the preventive effects of LF-Lee on constipation. Bisacodyl, a laxative drug, was administered as a positive control. The time taken until the first defecation of a black stool for normal, control, bisacodyl- (100 mg/kg, oral administration), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-, LF-Lee low dose (L)- and LF-Lee high dose (H)-treated mice was 90, 218, 117, 180, 161 and 151 min, respectively. Following the consumption of LB, LF-Lee (L) or LF-Lee (H), or the oral administration of bisacodyl, the GI transit was reduced to 55.2, 65.8, 73.1 and 94.6%, respectively, of the transit in normal mice. The serum levels of MTL, Gas, ET, AChE, SP and VIP were significantly increased and those of SS were reduced in the mice treated with LF-Lee compared with those in the untreated control mice (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that lactic acid bacteria have preventive effects on constipation in mice and that LF-Lee has superior functional activity.
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PMID:Preventive effect of Lactobacillus fermentum Lee on activated carbon-induced constipation in mice. 2545 15


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