Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Treatment with cimetidine (1000 mg daily in four divided doses) was given for 3--30 weeks to 10 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). All patients had hypercalcaemia and raised serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH). During treatment no consistent effects were noted on neither serum calcium or PTH and normalization did not occur in any case. Hypergastrinaemia was demonstrated in 6 patients and was also unaffected by therapy while in the 4 patients with normal pre-treatment gastrin values a slight increase was seen. This study does not support the view that cimetidine can be of use for the treatment of primary HPT.
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PMID:Treatment with cimetidine in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. 707 52

The effect of HSV (controls: sham), which induces hypergastrinemia, on duodenal Ca absorption was studied in "intact", TPTX, PTX, and TX rats. Ca absorption was estimated by an in vivo loop technique. As this technique increased serum gastrin by the duodenal Ca load, gastrin was also measured in rats not subjected to evaluation of Ca absorption. Following vagotomy gastrin rose significantly in "intact" as well as in TPTX, PTX, and TX rats. Further, intraduodenal Ca increased gastrin both after sham and vagotomy. However, gastrin in vagotomized rats was significantly higher than in sham rats, too. Although duodenal Ca absorption was not altered by vagotomy in "intact" and in TX rats, it was significantly lowered in vagotomized TPTX and PTX rats. Pretreatment of TPTX rats by pentagastrin for 10 days or immediately preceding experiments did not change Ca absorption. In addition, serum parathyroid hormone was unchanged by vagotomy in "intact" rats as compared to sham controls. We conclude that (1) vagotomy does not influence the rate of duodenal Ca absorption in "intact" rats, (2) Ca absorption is lower after vagotomy only in the absence of parathyroid glands, and (3) this vagotomy effect is not mimicked by exogenous pentagastrin and therefore appears unrelated to endogenous postvagotomy gastrinemia.
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PMID:Calcium absorption in the rat as influenced by highly selective vagotomy with special regard to endogenous gastrin. 707 91

The effects of parathyroidectomy on secretory functions of the pancreas were studied in a group of dogs with previous hemigastrectomy. Free flow of pancreatic juice was obtained by direct cannulation of the main pancreatic duct. A gastric fistula prevented the entry of gastric acid into the duodenum. Parathyroidectomy caused a significant decrease in the secretin-induced volume and bicarbonate secretion. Pentagastrin administration produced a slight increase in volume and bicarbonate secretion which remained below preparathyroidectomy levels. These results were not dependent on calcium blood levels and did not change after calcium administration to the hypocalcemic-parathyroidectomy dog. It is suggested that parathyroid hormone effect on pancreatic secretion is not mediated via gastrin but due at least in part to direct action on the parenchyma.
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PMID:Effects of parathyroidectomy and hemigastrectomy on exocrine pancreatic secretion on dogs. 713 41

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether selected components of the uremic milieu adversely affected glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the glomerular protein filtration barrier, or the integrity of the proximal renal tubular brush border membrane. To achieve these goals, GFR and the excretion rates of albumin and of brush border derived-renal tubular epithelial antigens (RTE) were measured in normal rats and in rats with experimental nephropathies before and after the intravenous infusion of concentrated urine. This experimental protocol uniformly produced severe biochemical manifestations of uremia (for example 10-50-fold increases in BUN and creatinine, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis). However, despite these perturbations, GFR, albuminuria, and RTE excretion remained constant. To assess the influence of uremic hormonal derangements on renal function, GFR, albuminuria, and RTE excretion were measured in normal rats before and after inducing acute serum elevations of seven hormones whose concentrations are known to be increased in uremia (parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, prolactin, gastric inhibitory peptide). Again, GFR, albuminuria, and RTE excretion were not adversely affected. These results suggest that glomerular capillary function and proximal tubular brush border membranes are acutely resistant to many of the solute and hormonal derangements which are characteristic of uremia.
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PMID:A search for nephrotoxic factors within the uremic milieu. 715 30

The aim of the present study was to test whether the previously demonstrated release of immunoreactive plasma secretin following intraduodenal bile infusion could be mediated by the calcium content of the bile. The gastric acid secretion and the serum concentration of gastrin, ionized and total calcium, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone were also measured. A total amount of 93 mg calcium was infused intraduodenally in eight healthy volunteers during constant gastric aspiration. No effect was seen on the concentration of immunoreactive plasma secretin or serum gastrin levels in peripheral blood. The total serum calcium concentration decreased slightly during the infusion and increased immediately thereafter. Ionized serum calcium increased throughout the experiment, the increase being significant only after the calcium infusion was stopped. No effects were observed on the serum concentrations of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone.
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PMID:Plasma concentration of secretin and gastric secretion following intraduodenal calcium infusion in man. 720 97

A sensitive radio-immunoassay for parathyroid hormone (PTH) using the commercially available antisera AS 211/32 and AS 211/41 has been established. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay is 0,25 ng/ml. Seventy-nine per cent of normal subjects have PTH levels in the measurable range, with a mean of 0,49 ng/ml (SD +/- 0,26 ng/ml). Only 1 of 9 patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism had a normal serum PTH value. The mean serum PTH value in this group was 3,0 +/- 0,26 ng/ml, which differed significantly from that in the normal group (P < 0,001). The serum PTH level of 33 patients on chronic haemodialysis was uniformly raised, while in 8 patients with hypoparathyroidism PTH levels were undetectable. Patients with malignant disease presented a mixed picture, with raised, normal or undetectable PTH levels. We investigated a possible relationship between the gut hormones, gastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PK) and PTH secretion in human volunteers. No effect was found, although the investigations were conducted over relatively short time periods.
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PMID:Measurement of human serum parathyroid hormone in disorders of calcium metabolism and during administration of certain gut hormones. 740 29

A 38-year-old female was admitted for investigation of the cause of hypergastrinemia, hypercalcemia and an elevated plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. Her siblings, elder brother and sister who had duodenal carcinoid tumor with hypergastrinemia and parathyroid adenomas, were diagnosed as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1. In the present patient, endoscopic examination showed a carcinoid tumor of the duodenum, but examinations by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography of the abdomen failed to reveal pancreatic lesions. Serum gastrin levels of this patient and her siblings improved to the normal level after resection of carcinoid tumors. The hypergastrinemia accompanying MEN type 1 in these cases might be due to carcinoid tumor of the duodenum.
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PMID:Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 accompanied by duodenal carcinoid tumors and hypergastrinemia: a familial case. 749 77

1. Roxatidine acetate, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, was administered in the evening (75 mg p.o.) to eight patients with renal insufficiency (CLCR 8-17 ml min-1) for 12 days and plasma drug concentrations were measured. 2. Ambulatory intragastric pH was monitored following the last dose and values were compared with those on day 1 when all patients received a placebo. 3. The terminal elimination half-life (mean +/- s.d.) of roxatidine was 10.8 +/- 2.4 h and its oral clearance was 178 +/- 43 ml min-1. 4. During roxatidine treatment gastrin levels increased slightly (median 189 vs 289 ng l-1) and the hyperparathyroid status of the patients was almost normalized (parathyroid hormone levels: median 199 vs 132 ng l-1). 5. The mean latency to a gastric pH of at least 4 was 4.3 +/- 1.4 h. The duration of action (intragastric pH > 4) was 10.6 +/- 3.9 h. 6. As in a pilot study with six patients (CLCR < or = 17 ml min-1) the recommended dosage regimen (75 mg 48 h-1) was unable to maintain gastric pH > 4 for more than 6 h, daily nocturnal intake of 75 mg roxatidine acetate appears appropriate to elevate gastric pH > 4 for a sufficient period of time.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of roxatidine in patients with renal insufficiency. 774 54

Although IAPP was first discovered and isolated from amyloid deposits in an endocrine pancreatic tumour (EPT), surprisingly few reports have investigated the potential use of IAPP as a marker for neuroendocrine tumour growth. In this study we present results from plasma measurements of IAPP in 102 patients with neuroendocrine tumours. Four of 35 patients (11%) with midgut carcinoid tumours, but none of the patients (4 and 5, respectively) with lung carcinoids or with rectal carcinoids displayed elevated plasma levels of IAPP. Five of 31 patients (16%) with sporadic EPT and 3 of 27 patients (11%) with EPT and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome disclosed elevated IAPP levels. Within the different syndromes, 1/11 individuals with insulinoma, 2/16 with gastrinoma, 0/2 with glucagonoma, 0/3 with VIPoma and 5/26 with non-functioning tumours showed elevated plasma levels of IAPP. In two patients, the plasma IAPP levels were extremely elevated. These patients also exhibited altered glucose homeostasis. In response to a standardised mixed meal test, IAPP increased in parallel to the insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin and glucose responses. In MEN1 patients with hypercalcaemia due to increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, the plasma levels of IAPP were significantly higher before than after surgical removal of the parathyroid adenomas. However in normocalcaemic patients, no correlation between the blood calcium and plasma IAPP levels was found. Immunocytochemical staining of tumour tissue showed that 9/13 (69%) of insulin producing tumours, 4/14 (29%) of non-functioning tumours and 1/9 (11%) of gastrin producing tumours were IAPP immunoreactive. Amyloid deposits were always IAPP immunoreactive. In conclusion, increased circulating levels of IAPP occurred in 12% of 102 patients with neuroendocrine tumours. In 2 patients with extremely elevated plasma levels of IAPP, effects on glucose homeostasis were recorded. Thus, IAPP may be useful as an additional marker for neuroendocrine tumour growth in selected cases.
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PMID:Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. 775

Hypercalcitoninemia has been reported in renal failure. Using a specific monomeric calcitonin (CT) immunoassay, we measured CT levels in 154 hemodialyzed patients. The relationship between CT and serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), gastrin, alkaline phosphatases, phosphate and calcium was studied. The pentagastrin test was performed in 26 patients exhibiting basal hypercalcitoninemia. Basal CT levels over 5.7 pmol/l (20 ng/l) were found in 25.3% of the patients and values higher than 26 pmol/l (90 ng/l) in 7.8%. Although CT is cleared by hemodialysis, post-dialysis CT levels either were unchanged or increased as compared with pre-dialysis values. This suggests that hypercalcitoninemia is not related to a decreased renal clearance, and that hemodialysis induces a specific regulatory pathway. None of the parameters studied were found to explain high CT levels. Of the patients with hypercalcitoninemia, 11.5% exhibited abnormal CT response to pentagastrin but no relationship between CT and phosphate, calcium and PTH levels was evidenced. Our findings confirm high CT monomer levels in renal failure. As there was no correlation with parameters classically involved in CT regulation, its physiological significance remains unclear. Abnormal CT response to pentagastrin raises the problem of its specificity as a tumoral marker with regard to medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:Abnormal calcitonin basal levels and pentagastrin response in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. 785 12


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