Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro studies have demonstrated that secretin can stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), but reports concerning its effects on PTH and calcium in vivo are contradictory. To examine this question further, a bolus injection of secretin (75 IU) was given to 12 normal subjects and 10 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Six of the patients had multiple endocrine neoplasia and five had endocrine pancreatic tumours (EPT). Three normocalcaemic patients with EPT were also included in the study. The mean serum gastrin level rose significantly (from 19 to 40 pmol/l, p less than 0.01) within 15 min of secretin injection in the normal subjects. HPT patients without EPT had a somewhat higher mean basal level of gastrin (39 pmol/l, p less than 0.05 compared with controls), but it did not increase significantly after the secretin bolus. In six EPT patients the gastrin concentrations rose by more than 300 pmol/l. Although secretin had a biological capacity to release gastrin, it had no discernible effects on either serum PTH or serum calcium in any of the groups studied. Nor were any changes in PTH or calcium observed when secretin was given as a continuous infusion (3 IU/kg/h) over 90 min. Thus, our data do not support the concept that secretin, in vivo, is a secretagogue of PTH.
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PMID:Effects of secretin on parathyroid hormone and calcium in normal subjects, patients with hyperparathyroidism and patients with gastrinoma. 399 34

Immunoreactive ACTH was found in almost all tissue extracts of lung carcinoma from patients without clinical evidence of Cushing's syndrome; i.e. 14 of 15 primary tumors, nine of nine metastatic lymph nodes, and four of four metastatic liver nodules contained immunoreactive ACTH. The incidence of ACTH in extracts of other tumor types was much lower. Comparable normal tissues contained no detectable ACTH. Immunoreactive growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, or gastrin was not found in the same carcinoma tissue. The predominant form of ACTH in the tumor extracts was big ACTH. In pituitary extracts little ACTH predominated.53% of 83 patients with lung carcinoma had afternoon plasma ACTH levels greater than 150 pg/ml; more than 90% of plasmas containing less than 150 pg/ml were obtained from patients who had received radiation therapy or chemotherapy. 31% of 45 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 28% of 25 patients with other severe lung disease, and 6% of 33 controls had elevated values. Big ACTH predominated in the plasma of patients with lung carcinoma or COPD having elevated ACTH levels. Tissue from the lung of a smoking dog with atypical histologic changes contained immunoreactive ACTH, almost exclusively in the big form, while tissue from another smoking dog that was histologically normal contained no ACTH. Thus ACTH may be present even in precancerous lung lesions. These studies suggest that serial plasma ACTH levels may be of value in screening for, and/or management of, patients with carcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Ectopic ACTH production in carcinoma of the lung. 436 Aug 54

The release of immunoreactive gastrin and somatostatin form the gastric antrum was studied in anesthetized pigs after parathyroid hormone (PTH) infusion into the antral circulation. PTH (40 units/20 min) was infused into the right gastro-epiploic artery. Blood was sampled from the right gastro-epiploic vein (antral venous blood) and from the superior vena cava (mixed venous blood). The basal gastrin concentration in antral venous blood was 17 times higher than that in mixed venous blood (1220 + 367 versus 71 +25 pmol/1, mean +SE). The somatostatin concentrations in antral and mixed venous blood were 127 +20 and 82 +23 pg/ml (mean +SE), respectively. After PTH infusion the gastrin level both in antral and mixed venous blood increased significantly without inducing systemic hypercalcemia. PTH infusion did not significantly influence the somatostatin level either in antral venous blood or in mixed venous blood. The findings demonstrate that PTH can induce gastrin release from the gastric antrum without concomitant systemic hypercalcemia and that this release of gastrin is not accompanied by a change in the somatostatin level in antral venous blood.
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PMID:Effect of parathyroid hormone on gastrin and somatostatin release from the gastric antrum. 611 27

The influence of gastrin on intestinal calcium absorption (CaA), serum/plasma insulin, glucagon, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, glucose, calcium and protein was measured in healthy adult males. Intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (PG. 6 micrograms/kg/h) resulted in a slight decrease of CaA (53.5 +/- (SEM) 5.8% of administered tracer vs. saline control 67.4 +/- 3.4, p less than 0.05). To exclude the influence of hormones like insulin, glucagon and calcitonin stimulated by PG, somatostatin was infused in additional trials. From these experiments and the infusion of synthetic human gastrin-17 (250 ng/kg/h) into 2 subjects, we conclude that acute infusion of gastrin lowers CaA in man.
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PMID:Effects of acutely infused pentagastrin and somatostatin on intestinal calcium absorption in humans. 613 13

Clinical and laboratory data, histologic, electron microscopic and immunocytochemical findings of the tumors of eight patients suffering from Cushing's syndrome and of one patient with hypercalcemia are described. The unlabeled antibody enzyme method was used for the detection of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, corticotropin, beta-lipotropin, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and gastrin. Ectopic Cushing's syndrome was caused by pancreatic endocrine tumors, medullary thyroid carcinoma, a bronchial, a gastric and a thymic carcinoid, and a carcinoid of the mediastinum. Hypercalcemia in one patient was related to a pancreatic endocrine tumor. After surgery the clinical symptoms disappeared in two patients, but persisted or relapsed in five patients. ACTH-immunoreactivity could be demonstrated in six of eight tumors; calcitonin-immunoreactivity was found in the tumor of the patient suffering from hypercalcemia. ACTH-immunoreactivity could be localized to secretory granules by immunoelectron microscopy, and the presence of ACTH and beta-LPH in the same tumor cells could be shown in one pancreatic tumor. A combination of production of orthotopic and ectopic hormones was found in one, and secretion of two ectopic hormones was detected in another pancreatic endocrine tumor.
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PMID:Ectopic hormone production by endocrine tumors: localization of hormones at the cellular level by immunocytochemistry. 627 90

In order to evaluate the possible causal relationship between raised serum gastrin levels and the development of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) which is suggested from experimental studies we evaluated parathyroid function in a group of 32 patients with hypergastrinaemia and pernicious anaemia. The values for serum calcium and parathyroid hormone were determined as well as the fasting urinary excretions of cyclic AMP and calcium. There was no relationship between the serum gastrin levels and any of the other studied parameters and there was no consistent pattern suggesting parathyroid hyperfunction. A retrospective analysis of hospital records from 441 patients operated for primary HPT showed a prevalence of pernicious anaemia of 1.8%. This figure is higher than that found in the unselected age-matched population (0.31%). However, taken together this study does not support the hypothesis that hypergastrinaemia is of particular importance for the pathogenesis of primary HPT.
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PMID:Evaluation of parathyroid function in patients with hypergastrinaemia and pernicious anaemia. 629 36

We have developed and validated a double-antibody radioimmunoassay for quantifying bovine calcium-binding protein (CaBP). Cross-reactivity between the antiserum and microgram quantities of thyrocalcitonin, calmodulin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, serum albumin and concentrated extract of bovine pituitary gland was insignificant. Slight cross-reactivity (6%) of the antiserum with parathyroid hormone was demonstrated. Assay sensitivity was .25 ng/ml and intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 4 to 11% and 10 to 24%, respectively. The CaBP immunoreactivity was not affected by endogenous Ca concentrations. Plasma and serum concentrations of immunoreactive CaBP were similar. The CaBP concentrations were unaffected when coagulated and anticoagulated blood samples were stored at 4 or 22 C for up to 72 h and when serum was stored at -20, 4 or 22 C for 8 d. Serum CaBP concentrations in cattle were not affected by gonadal steroids, but may have been influenced by age. Treatment with 500 mg of vitamin D3, but not 50 mg of dihydrotachysterol, significantly increased serum Ca and CaBP concentrations in Holstein heifers after a lag period of 7 to 10 d. Serum Ca and CaBP concentrations began to increase in serum at approximately the same time and both exhibited parallel responses to treatment with vitamin D3. Serum Ca concentrations were positively correlated (r = .81) with CaBP concentrations and this relationship was described by the equation, Y = 6.85 + 1.01X - .03X2. Serum Ca and CaBP concentrations were still elevated in heifers 75 d after initial treatment with vitamin D3. The radioimmunoassay we describe provides an opportunity to investigate the role of CaBP in Ca homeostasis during growth, pregnancy, lactation, parturient paresis and other physiological and pathological states in cattle.
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PMID:Studies of calcium-binding protein in cattle. 631 69

An unusual tumor of the cystic duct in a 28-year-old woman is described. The patient presented with a painful distended gallbladder due to a small tumor occluding the cystic duct. Microscopically the tumor cells showed a nesting pattern suggestive of endocrine differentiation, but contained numerous lipid vacuoles and were argentaffin and argyrophil negative. Ultrastructurally, there were relatively few dense granules measuring 135 to 475 nm. Immunoperoxidase staining showed that the tumor cells contained somatostatin but did not contain immunoreactive ACTH, gastrin, calcitonin, glucagon, insulin, parathyroid hormone, or carcinoembryonic antigen. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported somatostatinoma occurring in the extrahepatic biliary tract.
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PMID:Somatostatinoma of the cystic duct. 631 50

The prevalence of hypergastrinemia was determined in 38 consecutive patients with proved primary hyperparathyroidism. Uncorrected serum calcium levels ranged from 2.6 to 4.0 mmol/L and parathyroid hormone levels from 260 to 8750 ng/L (normal less than 600 ng/L). Preoperative serum gastrin levels were grossly elevated (1000 to 4000 ng/L) in three patients (normal median 63 ng/L; range 30 to 120 ng/L). Two patients were achlorhydric. After parathyroidectomy (adenomatous hyperplasia) in the third patient, the serum gastrin level decreased from 4000 to 3000 ng/L, with a negative response to both a secretin challenge and a meal test. The latter patient was subsequently shown to have an adrenal ganglioneuroma and islet cell hyperplasia, neither containing gastrin, and at 4-year follow-up she still has no symptoms from the hypergastrinemia. Eight patients had a modest hypergastrinemia. Serum gastrin levels returned to normal in three of the four patients after parathyroidectomy. The fourth patient had rheumatoid arthritis, which can be associated with hypergastrinemia. The mean plasma gastrin level before operation (100.3 +/- 26.1 ng/L) was similar to the postoperative value (67.0 +/- 18.5 ng/L). There was no correlation between parathyroid hormone and gastrin levels nor between serum calcium and gastrin levels. The three patients with duodenal ulcers did not have elevated gastrin levels. Therefore it would appear that routine screening of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism adds little to their clinical management.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism and hypergastrinemia revisited. 650 67

Bombesin, a peptide with widespread biological actions, has been demonstrated in human tissues by immunological methods. To investigate its effect in man, synthetic bombesin was infused at low doses in six male volunteers. Bombesin at 2.4 pmol kg-1 min-1 produced significant rises in plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, cholecystokinin, motilin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, neurotensin, enteroglucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and serum calcium. In contrast, bombesin caused a profound fall in parathyroid hormone levels and reduced plasma glucose concentrations. A late rise in plasma calcitonin was also observed. Bombesin had no significant effect on the pituitary hormones, TSH, GH, PRL, or cortisol. No hormonal changes or alterations in calcium were noted during saline infusions. Bombesin has a marked stimulatory effect on gastrointestinal hormones, which is unique and opposite to the effect of somatostatin, a potent inhibitor of gut hormone release. Bombesin also influences calcium-regulating hormones, either directly or through its action on gut hormones. The bombesin concentrations achieved with the dosages used were low enough to indicate a possible physiological role for the endogenous peptide.
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PMID:Bombesin: action on gut hormones and calcium in man. 706 3


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