Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty-four carcinoids of the colon and rectum were studied with emphasis on prognostic features, immunohistochemical characteristics, and pitfalls in diagnosis. Follow-up data were available on 35 patients. Tumors with adenocarcinomatous components, or those resembling small cell carcinomas of the lung, were excluded. Eighty-one tumors were in the rectum and three tumors were in the distal sigmoid colon. Neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, and Leu-7 were positive in 87%, 58%, and 53% of the tumors, respectively. Hormones were positive in the following percentages: serotonin, 45%; pancreatic polypeptide, 46%; glucagon, 10%; gastrin, 3%; somatostatin, 3%; adrenocorticotrophic hormone, 1%; cholecystokinin, 0%; calcitonin, 0%; and insulin, 0%. Many tumors elaborated more than one hormone. Fifty-five percent of the tumors were argyrophil and 28% were argentaffin. Carcinoembryonic antigen was present in 24% of the tumors; 82% of the tumors contained prostatic acid phosphatase. Three patients had liver metastases; their tumors ulcerated, invaded muscularis propria, and had more than 2 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (HPF). One patient with a 2.5-cm tumor without mitoses had regional lymph node metastases. All non-metastasizing tumors had less than one mitosis in 10 HPF. We conclude that large bowel carcinoid tumors are essentially limited to the rectum and sigmoid, that they are indolent if mitotically inactive and smaller than 2 cm, and that most show production of a selected group of endocrine markers.
Cancer 1990 Jan 01
PMID:Rectal and colonic carcinoids. A clinicopathologic study of 84 cases. 229 59

Six cases of primary hepatic carcinoid tumors were studied with combined immunocytochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Positive tumor immunostaining with PHE5, LK2H10, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), serotonin, gastrin, and insulin antibodies was observed. At the ultrastructural level, cytoplasmic dense granules were seen in all the cases tested. This finding supports a putative origin of these carcinoids found in the liver from a pluripotential stem cell. The clinical course and follow-up of these cases suggests that this unusual hepatic neoplasm has a more favorable prognosis than other forms of hepatic cancer.
Cancer 1990 Mar 01
PMID:A clinicopathologic study of primary hepatic carcinoid tumors. 230 69

A Zollinger-Ellison syndrome due to an ovarian mucinous cystadenoma of borderline malignancy is reported in a 76-year-old woman. Immunostaining procedures showed reactivity for gastrin in neoplastic cells. After operation, the patient has remained without symptoms for 6 years. This is the fifth case reported in the literature. All of these ovarian tumors were considered mucinous cystadenomas histologically.
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PMID:Zollinger-Ellison syndrome due to a borderline mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary. 230 35

The characteristics of gastric mucosal patterns in the polyp-bearing stomach were investigated by the endoscopic Congo red test and systemic four-points biopsy in 46 patients with hyperplastic polyps and 21 patients with gastric adenomas. In addition, function of the stomach in these patients was assessed by determination of gastric acidity and fasting serum gastrin level and by gastrin response test to a beef extract. In the investigation of the gastric mucosal pattern in hyperplastic polyp patients, Type A gastritis (involving the corpus but sparing the antrum) was most frequently found. On the other hand, extensive intestinal metaplasia from the pyloric antrum to the corpus was most often noted in the adenoma-bearing stomach. Hypergastrinemia was more marked in hyperplastic polyp patients, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of hyperplastic polyps. Attention should be paid to the detection of cancer in areas without polyps during endoscopic observation and reexamination of patients. On these occasions, the characteristics of the background mucosa for each type of polyp should be kept in mind.
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PMID:Study of the gastric mucosal background in patients with gastric polyps. 231 82

The effect of gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol (5-aminomethyl-3-hydroxyisoxazole), and the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen [4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid] on the incidence and number of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was investigated in Wistar rats. Rats received alternate-day i.p. injections of 500 or 1000 mg/kg of body weight GABA, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg of body weight muscimol, or 4 or 8 mg/kg of body weight baclofen after 25 wk of p.o. treatment with the carcinogen. Prolonged administration of GABA at 1000 mg/kg of body weight, but not at 500 mg/kg of body weight, and of baclofen at 4 and 8 mg/kg of body weight significantly decreased the incidence and number of gastric cancers of the glandular stomach in Wk 52, but long-term muscimol administration had no influence. Histologically, GABA at the high dosage and baclofen at both dosages significantly decreased the labeling index of the antral mucosa and significantly increased the serum gastrin level. Furthermore, baclofen at both dosages significantly decreased antral pH and significantly increased gastric acid secretion. These findings indicate that GABA inhibits gastric carcinogenesis via the GABAB receptor and that this effect may be related to its effect in decreasing the proliferation of antral mucosa.
Cancer Res 1990 Aug 15
PMID:Inhibition by gamma-amino-n-butyric acid and baclofen of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. 237 57

The effect of oral administration of L-phenylalanine on the incidence and histology of gastric adenocarcinomas induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was investigated in inbred Wistar rats. Oral administration of 6% phenylalanine after 25 weeks of treatment with the carcinogen significantly reduced the incidence and number of adenocarcinomas of the glandular stomach at experimental week 52. Oral administration of high dose phenylalanine significantly increased the basal serum gastrin level and significantly decreased the norepinephrine concentration in the antral portion of the gastric wall, as well as the labelling indices of antral mucosa. These findings indicate that orally administered phenylalanine inhibits the development of gastric cancers.
Br J Cancer 1990 Aug
PMID:Protection by oral phenylalanine against gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. 238 32

Many reports emphasized the role of gastrin as growth factor on normal gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas. In the present study, we analyzed the proliferative effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin peptides on a rat tumoral pancreatic cell line, AR42J, which possesses both CCKA and CCKB receptor subtypes. The results showed a good correlation between the binding of gastrin to CCKB receptor [Kd 1.125 +/- 0.3 (SD) nM] and its ability to either induce ornithine decarboxylase activity [50% effective concentration, 0.6 +/- 0.3 nM] and [3H]-thymidine incorporation [50% effective concentration, 2 +/- 0.4 nM]. Furthermore, the ability of different cholecystokinin and gastrin antagonists such as proglumide and asperlicin derivatives (respectively, CR1409, CR1505, and L364,718) were tested. We found that all antagonists displaced 125I-labeled gastrin binding, with the following order of potencies: L364,718 greater than CR1409 greater than CR1505 greater than proglumide. Furthermore, the 50% inhibitory concentration of CR1409 and CR1505 to inhibit gastrin stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity (an early event involved in cell proliferation) and [3H]thymidine incorporation were in agreement with their constants of inhibition (Ki) on gastrin binding. The L364,718 compound, at a concentration which fully occupied the CCKA without affecting the CCKB, had no effect on gastrin stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity and [3H]thymidine incorporation. In addition, this compound appeared to be a full agonist on CCKB receptor. These results confirm the implication of the CCKB receptor in the proliferative response of AR42J cells to gastrin.
Cancer Res 1990 Sep 15
PMID:Lorglumide and loxiglumide inhibit gastrin-stimulated DNA synthesis in a rat tumoral acinar pancreatic cell line (AR42J). 239 52

Pancreatic specimens of nine patients suffering from multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I) were investigated with regard to tumor frequency and growth pattern, islet hyperplasia and endocrine cell neoformation, immunocytochemical hormone profile of the tumors, and correlation to clinical symptoms. The majority of the 201 tumors were microadenomas (diameter less than 0.5 cm), which frequently displayed a trabecular growth pattern. Microadenomatosis was considered the most distinct feature of the MEN I pancreas. Additional larger tumors (diameter greater than 1.0 cm) were found in five patients. Whereas islet hyperplasia appears not to belong to the spectrum of the pancreatic lesions in MEN I, nesidioblastosis was occasionally observed. Immunocytochemical screening revealed that among hormone-positive tumors (approximately 80% of the tumors), pancreatic polypeptide tumors (PPomas), glucagonomas, and insulinomas were the most frequent. The high incidence of PPomas in these pancreases probably accounts for the elevated serum PP levels found in many MEN I patients. Somatostatinomas, gastrinomas, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide tumors (VIPomas), and neurotensinomas were rare. Clinically overt hyperinsulinism, observed in two patients and associated with a large insulinoma, was cured by tumor resection. Eight of nine patients presented a Zollinger-Ellison's syndrome (ZES), but only in two patients were gastrin-producing tumors found. The source of gastrin in MEN I patients with a ZES, in whom no gastrinoma could be detected, remains unclear.
Cancer 1986 May 01
PMID:Pancreatic lesions and hormonal profile of pancreatic tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. An immunocytochemical study of nine patients. 242 Apr 39

Nine patients with pancreatic apudomas (seven gastrinomas, one glucagonoma, one tumor secreting a substance P-like component) and nine with metastasized carcinoid tumors were treated with a somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995), administered subcutaneously twice daily for 3 days. Treatment was pursued for 2 to 12 months in nine patients in whom SMS was clinically and/or biologically beneficial. In gastrinomas, SMS decreased plasma gastrin in all but one patient, inhibited the residual gastric acid secretion under H2-blockers and improved diarrhea; in the glucagonoma patient, glucagonemia decreased and skin lesions disappeared. In carcinoid syndrome, clinical efficacy was partial and inconstant; daily 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) output was slightly decreased. Plasma substance P levels decreased in six patients with initially high concentrations. No antitumoral activity or side effects have been so far evidenced. SMS 201-995 is a useful, well-tolerated agent in secreting pancreatic apudomas and to a lesser extent in carcinoid syndrome, where high-dosage regimens may be required.
Cancer 1987 May 01
PMID:Clinical and hormonal effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue in pancreatic endocrine tumors and in carcinoid syndrome. 243 3

Fundic argyrophil carcinoid tumors developed in the course of a 5-year continuous treatment with high dosages of H2-antagonists in a well-documented case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with primary hyperparathyroidism, high basal acid output, and serum gastrin. Approximately 100 small polyps were disseminated throughout the gastric fundus exclusively, leading to total gastrectomy. Metastatic carcinoid in a lymph node and pancreatic gastrinomas also were found at surgery. Gastric endocrine cell proliferation varied from simple argyrophil cell hyperplasia to carcinoid tumors eroding the surface and infiltrating the submucosa. Ultrastructural studies showed that the tumoral proliferation was heterogeneous, and included tumors composed of enterochromaffin (EC) and typical enterochromaffin-like (EC-L) cells, and tumors in which a majority of cells exhibited dense round granules resembling those of A-like or D1/P endocrine cell types. The risk of developing gastric fundic carcinoid tumors in ZES patients submitted to long-term antisecretory treatment should be given increased attention.
Cancer 1987 Jun 01
PMID:Development of gastric argyrophil carcinoid tumors in a case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with primary hyperparathyroidism during long-term antisecretory treatment. 243 42


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