Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01350 (gastrin)
 9,683 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although Helicobacter pylori is now recognized as playing an etiologic role in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, information on the pathogenesis and natural history of infection is limited. A model is proposed in which luminal H. pylori secrete substances that mediate inflammation that is beneficial to the organism but ultimately deleterious for the host; in addition to tissue damage, inflammation also affects gastric secretory function. In this model, the host may attempt to suppress the inflammatory response, and the adequacy of this postulated down-regulation determines pathological and clinical outcome. The effects of the inflammatory process on gastrin-hydrochloric acid homeostasis may be of critical importance in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Because the long-term consequences of H. pylori colonization reflect the continued presence of the organism in the host over years or decades, it may be useful to consider this as a "slow" bacterial infection.
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PMID:Hypotheses on the pathogenesis and natural history of Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation. 173 41

A 4-yr-old cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) with a 2-yr history of chronic intermittent vomiting and spiral bacteria-associated gastritis presented with dramatically increased vomiting frequency and marked intermittent abdominal distention. Physical examination revealed loss of muscle mass and poor fur coat quality. Contrast radiography was consistent with delayed gastric emptying due to presumed gastric outlet obstruction. Both Y-U pyloroplasty and incisional gastropexy were performed, and no subsequent vomiting has been observed for 3 yr with the exception of three episodes during the immediate postoperative period. The cause of delayed gastric emptying was not determined, although a gastric motility disorder associated with gastric bacterial infection and elevated gastrin levels was suspected.
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PMID:Use of pyloroplasty (Y-U) to treat presumed delayed gastric emptying in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). 1142 4

In the stomach, somatostatin is secreted from D cells and is a potent inhibitor of gastrin-induced acid secretion. During bacterial infection, somatostatin expression and release are suppressed. As a result, gastric infection often induces hypergastrinemia that, in turn, stimulates gastric acid secretion, the stomach's most important antimicrobial agent. There are an abundance of data showing that inflammatory cytokines regulate somatostatin in immune and neural cells. However, it was not until recently that the immunoregulation of gastric somatostatin was studied in vivo. This theme article discusses the role of somatostatin as an immunoregulatory peptide during gastritis.
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PMID:Inflammation and cancer III. Somatostatin and the innate immune system. 1506 61

A simple generic peptide-based vaccine structure that targets Toll-like receptor 2-expressing dendritic cells and causes their activation is described. The vaccines are totally synthetic, serve as their own adjuvant, and are composed of (i) a single helper T cell epitope, (ii) a target epitope that is either recognized by CD8+ T cells or B cells, and (iii) a Toll-like receptor 2-targeting lipid moiety, S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl]cysteine, that is situated between the peptide epitopes to form a branched configuration. The different CD8+ T cell epitopes examined were from (i) influenza virus, (ii) the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, and (iii) ovalbumin as a model tumor antigen. Vaccines containing a B cell epitope from gastrin or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone as a B cell epitope were also examined for their ability to elicit antibody against the parent hormones. Each of the vaccines was capable of inducing either CD8+ T cell or antibody-mediated immune responses. The lipidated vaccines, but not the nonlipidated vaccines, were able to mediate protection against viral or bacterial infection and mediate prophylactic and therapeutic anticancer activity. The two hormone-based vaccines induced high antibody titers, which in the case of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone resulted in abrogation of reproductive function. These results highlight the utility of simple, totally synthetic, epitope-based vaccines.
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PMID:A totally synthetic vaccine of generic structure that targets Toll-like receptor 2 on dendritic cells and promotes antibody or cytotoxic T cell responses. 1548 66