Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of calbindin in some endocrine glands (thyroid, parathyroid, ultimobranchial body, pituitary and adrenals) and in the diffuse endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas has been investigated immunohistochemically using an antiserum raised against the 28 kDa calbindin from chicken duodenum. The identity of calbindin-immunoreactive cells in a number of avian and mammalian species was ascertained by comparison with hormone-reactive cells in consecutive sections or by double immunostaining of the same section with both calbindin and hormone antibodies. Calcitonin-producing C cells of the mammalian and avian thyroid, parathyroid or ultimobranchial body, PP, glucagon and insulin cells of the mammalian and avian pancreas, enteroglucagon cells of the avian intestine, secretin cells of the mammalian duodenum, histamine-producing ECL cells of the mammalian stomach, as well as noradrenaline-producing cells of the adrenal medulla and some (TSH?) cells of the adenohypophysis were among the calbindin-immunoreactive cells. Although some species variability has been observed in the intensity and distribution of the immunoreactivity, especially in the pancreas and the gut, a role for calbindin in the mechanisms of calcium-mediated endocrine cell stimulation or of intracellular and extracellular calcium homeostasis is suggested.
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PMID:Calbindin 28 kDa in endocrine cells of known or putative calcium-regulating function. Thyro-parathyroid C cells, gastric ECL cells, intestinal secretin and enteroglucagon cells, pancreatic glucagon, insulin and PP cells, adrenal medullary NA cells and some pituitary (TSH?) cells. 273 22

Calcitonin secretion dynamics of a medullary thyroid carcinoma in tissue culture was studied by addition of calcium chloride (20 mM), magnesium chloride (20 mM), glucagon (6 x 10(-6) M), and pentagastrin (3 x 10(-6) M). After correction by protein content, calcium caused the greatest release of calcitonin to medium (264%), and glucagon the lowest (48%), in relation to control values. The direct action of glucagon on calcitonin secretion of medullary thyroid carcinoma was confirmed. This system may be also used for testing quimiotherapics acting upon the tumor.
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PMID:[Dynamics of calcitonin secretion in tissue culture of medullary thyroid carcinoma]. 281 86

Mouse-Chinese hamster hybrids segregating mouse chromosomes were analyzed by Southern hybridization techniques to map the genes for somatostatin (Smst), glucagon (Gcg), calcitonin (Calc), and parathyroid hormone (Pth). The mouse gene for somatostatin, detected on a 20-kb EcoRI fragment, is located on mouse chromosome 16. Glucagon cDNA hybridized to a 14-kb EcoRI fragment residing on chromosome 2. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone genes, detected on 7.8-kb HindIII and 6.0-kb BamHI fragments, respectively, were on mouse chromosome 7. The calcitonin and parathyroid hormone genes appear to be part of a larger linkage group which has been conserved in mouse and man.
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PMID:Mapping polypeptide hormone genes in the mouse: somatostatin, glucagon, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone. 288 56

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) exists in nerves throughout the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and exogenous CGRP has been reported to inhibit many endocrine and exocrine secretions of the gut and pancreas. Because somatostatin also has widespread inhibitory actions and because both gut and pancreatic somatostatin secretion may be under peptidergic control, we examined the influence of CGRP on circulating levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) and on hormone output from the duodenal lobe of the dog pancreas in situ. Intravenous infusion of human CGRP in anesthetized dogs increased arterial SLI in a dose-dependent manner. During iv infusion of CGRP at 500 pmol/min, the increment of circulating SLI (change at 20 min, +175 +/- 24 fmol/ml) was composed of nearly equimolar amounts of SLI-14 and SLI-28, suggesting an effect of CGRP on both gastric and intestinal somatostatin secretion. The effect of iv CGRP (500 pmol/min) on arterial SLI exceeded those of iv CCK-8 (440 pmol/min), iv isoproterenol (10 nmol/min), and intragastric administration of acidified liver extract. In contrast, salmon calcitonin (500 pmol/min, iv) was without effect. CGRP did not stimulate pancreatic SLI output when infused iv (500 pmol/min) or when infused directly into a pancreatic artery (5 pmol/min). The pancreatic infusion of CGRP decreased insulin output slightly (change at 20 min, -21 +/- 8%), but did not affect glucagon output. We conclude that CGRP is a most effective yet selective stimulator of gastrointestinal somatostatin release, with little influence on islet function. We suggest that exogenous and possibly endogenous neuronal CGRP could exert inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal function via the release of somatostatin.
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PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide: a potent and selective stimulator of gastrointestinal somatostatin secretion. 288 97

Calcitonin gene-related peptide occurs in intrapancreatic nerves and endocrine cells. The peptide is therefore a candidate for being of physiological importance for pancreatic function. We examined the direct effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on islet hormone secretion in the pig by infusing the peptide into the superior pancreatic artery. We found that 15 min intrapancreatic infusion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (22 pmol/min) decreased baseline pancreatic insulin output from 48 +/- 10 microU/min to 8 +/- 7 microU/min (p less than 0.01). Moreover, calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion by 45% compared to controls (p less than 0.01), yet left terbutaline (beta 2-adrenoceptor)-stimulated insulin secretion unaffected. Furthermore, while being without effect on baseline glucagon output, calcitonin gene-related peptide potentiated terbutaline-induced glucagon secretion more than seven-fold (p less than 0.001). In contrast, the peptide did not affect baseline or stimulated pancreatic somatostatin output. We conclude that in pigs calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits insulin secretion and potentiates glucagon secretion by direct effects on the pancreas that are not mediated by primary alterations in pancreatic somatostatin secretion. We suggest that the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide might be of importance for the intrapancreatic regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in pigs.
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PMID:Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on islet hormone secretion in the pig. 288 86

A case of simultaneous presentation of a small-cell carcinoma involving the ovary and the uterine endometrium is reported. We consider the endometrium as the primary localization of the tumor. The epithelial origin and neuroendocrine differentiation were confirmed by electron microscopy. Tumor cells were attached by small desmosomes, and in the cytoplasm typically neurosecretory granules measuring 100-200 nm were found. Immunohistochemically, no content of polypeptide hormones (ACTH, Calcitonin, Gastrin, Glucagon, Insulin, Somatostatin and VIP) were encountered. The tumor stained strongly for neuronspecific enolase. The histogenetic possibilities are shortly presented.
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PMID:Simultaneous presentation of a small-cell carcinoma involving the ovary and the uterine endometrium. 298 80

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has recently been identified in central and peripheral nerve fibres, including those of blood vessels supplying the exocrine pancreas, and in pancreatic islet cells. Moreover, receptors have been characterised in the same tissue. The present study examined the effects of human CGRP and of calcitonin on exocrine pancreatic secretion and on islet cell function in nine healthy volunteers. CGRP (300 ng/kg/h) caused, respectively, a 25% and 31% inhibition of caerulein stimulated trypsin and amylase output which was similar to that seen with calcitonin (300 ng/kg/h). Arginine stimulated insulin and glucagon release was unaffected by either CGRP, or calcitonin. Calcitonin gene-related peptide caused cutaneous flushing, but did not affect the pulse rate or arterial blood pressure in the doses tested. Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion in vivo in man, but does not affect islet cell hormone release.
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PMID:Effect of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide on pancreatic functions in man. 327 54

In eight normal pregnant women and in eighteen women with a family history of diabetes, plasma calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), insulin and glucagon variations and total plasma calcium levels were investigated. Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and glucagon were all increased during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy in normal women (N.W.) and in women with a family history of diabetes (W.F.H.D.). Plasma calcitonin levels were statistically significantly different between the two groups only in the 3rd trimester (118 +/- 4.9 vs 139 +/- 3.6 pg/ml p less than 0.01 in N.W. and W.F.H.D. respectively). Total plasma calcium levels were decreased significantly in the 3rd trimester in both groups: 3rd vs 1st trimester p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.001 in N.W. and W.F.H.D. respectively. Statistically significant difference between the two groups in total insulinemic area (p less than 0.001), in the rapid phase area (p less than 0.01) and insulinogenic index (p less than 0.05) were observed in the 3rd trimester.
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PMID:Plasma calcitonin variations in normal women and in women with family history of diabetes during pregnancy. 354 28

In the studies reported here we demonstrate that bombesin decreases food intake in wolf (Canis lupus) pups without altering glucose or insulin levels. A high dose of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK, 5 micrograms/kg) decreased food intake. CCK produced a transient increase in insulin, without altering glucose. Glucagon (0.5 mg/kg) failed to decrease food intake despite producing a marked hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Calcitonin was ineffective at decreasing food intake, although it did decrease the time spent feeding. These studies suggest a potential role for peripheral peptides in food regulation in the wolf.
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PMID:The effect of peripheral administration of peptides on food intake, glucose and insulin in wolf pups. 355 Jul 28

The secretion of calcitonin by slices of porcine thyroid glands has been investigated. Calcitonin in the incubation medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. Secretion of calcitonin was diminished when calcium or magnesium was omitted and was increased stepwise as the concentration of calcium or magnesium in the incubation medium was increased. Calcitonin secretion was augmented substantially when either the quantity of thyroid tissue or volume of incubation medium was increased. Secretion of calcitonin was stimulated by glucagon, theophylline, and dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate. It is concluded that calcitonin secretion is regulated by the concentration of calcium and magnesium, that secretion may be inhibited by calcitonin or a precursor and that secretion can be stimulated by increasing the concentration of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate in the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.
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PMID:Effects of glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate, and theophylline on calcitonin secretion in vitro. 431 83


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