Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ordinary histological investigation has suggested that heterotopic pancreas of the stomach may have two types of histogenesis; one is development from immigrated fetal pancreas tissue, and the other is development from primitive gastric mucosal epithelium following penetration into the submucosa with subsequent erroneous differentiation into pancreas tissue. It is suspected that type-I lesions include the majority of cases caused by immigration from fetal pancreas, and that some type-II cases arise through erroneous differentiation of primitive gastric mucosal epithelium. With regard to immunohistochemical findings, cells positive for pancreatic polypeptide and amylase were much more numerous in the acini of type-I cases compared with type-II cases. Positive cells were found not infrequently in the acini of type-II cases after staining for pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, serotonin, and gastrin. On the other hand, a small number of cells in islets were not infrequently positive for alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and amylase. It is considered that in the heterotopic pancreas, ductal cells have the potential to differentiate into acinar cells and islet cells, as is the cases in the orthotopic pancreas.
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PMID:Heterotopic pancreas of the stomach. Histogenesis and immunohistochemistry. 137 53

An immunocytochemical investigation was carried out on round and spreading hemocytes of Planorbarius corneus by using 20 antisera to vertebrate bioactive peptides. The immunotests showed the presence of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-bombesin-, calcitonin-, CCK-8 (INC)-, CCK-39-, gastrin-, glucagon-, Met-enkephalin-, neurotensin-, oxytocin-, somatostatin-, substance P-, VIP-, and vasopressin-immunoreactive molecules in the spreading hemocytes. The round hemocytes were only positive to anti-bombesin, anticalcitonin, anti-CCK-8 (INC), anti-CCK-39, anti-neurotensin, anti-oxytocin, anti-substance P and anti-vasopressin antibodies. No immunostaining was observed with anti-CCK-8 (Peninsula), anti-insulin, anti-prolactin, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroxin (T4) antibodies. As probably in vertebrates, these bioactive peptides may modulate immuno cell function.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical evidence of vertebrate bioactive peptide-like molecules in the immuno cell types of the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus (L.) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). 169 11

High yields of human hepatocytes (up to 23 X 10(6) viable cells/g) were obtained from small surgical liver biopsies (1 to 3 g) by a two-step collagenase microperfusion method. Cell viability was about 95%, attachment efficiency of hepatocytes seeded on fibronectin-coated plates was 80% within 1 h after plating, and cells survived for about 2 wk in serum-free Ham's F12 containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin, 10(-8) M insulin, and 10(-8) M dexamethasone. To evaluate the metabolism of human hepatocytes in serum-free conditions, we measured their most characteristic biochemical functions and compared them to those reported for human liver. After 24 h in culture, glycogen content was 1250 +/- 177 nmol glucose/mg cell protein and remained stable for several days. Gluconeogenesis from lactate in hormone-free media was (3.50 +/- 0.17 nmol glucose.mg-1.min-1) similar to that reported for human liver. Insulin at 10(-8) M activated glycolysis (X1.40) and glycogenesis (X1.34), and glucagon at 10(-9) M stimulated gluconeogenesis (X1.35) and glycogenolysis (X2.18). Human hepatocytes synthesized albumin, transferrin, fibrinogen, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and plasma fibronectin and excreted them to the culture medium. Maximum protein synthesis was stimulated by 10(-9) M dexamethasone. Basal urea synthesis oscillated between 2.5 and 3.5 nmol.mg-1 cell protein.min-1, about 5 times the value estimated for human liver. Cytochrome P-450 decreased in culture but it was still 20% of freshly isolated hepatocytes by Day 5 in culture. In addition, ethoxycumarin-O-deethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase could be induced in vitro by treatment with methyl cholanthrene. Glutathione levels were similar to those reported for human liver (35 nmol.mg-1). The results of our work show that adult human hepatocytes obtained from small surgical biopsies and cultured in chemically defined conditions express their most important metabolic functions to an extent that is similar to that reported for adult human liver.
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PMID:Culture of human hepatocytes from small surgical liver biopsies. Biochemical characterization and comparison with in vivo. 215 94

After trauma or sepsis, the liver undergoes a reprioritization of export protein synthesis with elevated production of some acute-phase reactants and reduced production of others. We have examined the effects of combinations of insulin and the counterregulatory hormones (dexamethasone, glucagon, and epinephrine), in the presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-6, on the production by isolated hepatocytes of the positive acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin, and the negative acute-phase proteins prealbumin and transferrin. The effect of IL-6 on the production of the above proteins was influenced significantly by insulin and all of the counterregulatory hormones. Significant three-way interactions as well as higher order interactions between the stress hormones and insulin were seen in the case of C-reactive protein. The results indicate that both positive and negative acute-phase proteins respond differently to insulin and the counterregulatory hormones and that the potential exists for the regulation of synthesis of individual acute-phase reactants by interaction between the cytokine network and the classical endocrine hormones.
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PMID:Insulin and counterregulatory hormones influence acute-phase protein production in human hepatocytes. 754 33

Carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, Keratin, Desmin, Vimentin, CD30, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein, somatostatin and glucagon were looked for using immunohistochemical methods in the epithelial component of 20 parotid gland cystadenolymphomas and 20 normal parotid glands. Carcino-embryonic antigen, ephithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, and somatostatin were found in the epithelial cells of most of the cystadenolymphomas. In normal parotid tissue, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, Keratin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and S-100 protein were found in all three types of ductal cells, somatostatin only in intercalated and striated ductal cells, and lysozyme only in acinar and intercalated ductal cells. Desmin and CD30 were found in the epithelial component of seven of the 20 tumors versus none of the 20 normal parotid glands. Glucagon and Vimentin were negative both in tumor epithelial cells and in normal parotid ductal cells. Our results support the theory that cystadenolymphomas arise from epithelial cells. The presence of lysozyme in the epithelial tumor cells and in the intercalated ductal cells of normal parotid tissue suggest that cystadenolymphomas may arise from the intercalated ducts. The presence of S-100 and somatostatin may indicate that the tumor derives from neuroendocrine structures, but further studies are needed to clarify this point.
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PMID:Cystadenolymphoma of the parotid gland an immunohistochemical study of the epithelial component of twenty cases. 915 27

A pancreatic carcinoma, associated with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein level, was resected from a 67-year-old man. The tumor was strongly suggested to be an acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas, based on the histological findings of the resected specimen. The tumor measured 12 x 10 x 9 cm, and the cut surface was soft, whitish-yellow, focally necrotic, and hemorrhagic. Under a light microscope, the tumor cells were not arranged in a tubular and trabecular pattern, but rather, showed a tendency toward an acinar structure. Immunohistochemically, alpha 1-antitrypsin- and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-positive reactions were diffusely positive in most of the tumor cells, while staining for chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, Grimelius, glucagon, insulin, and alpha-fetoprotein was negative in the tumor cells. We report a large acinar cell carcinoma (associated with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein level), which had been misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma preoperatively.
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PMID:Large acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas in a patient with elevated serum AFP level. 1098 18