Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fed and 18-h fasted rats were given acute doses of either saline or the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) 40, 60, or 80 micrograms/kg. After 30 min plasma samples were collected and assayed for glucose, insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine and the hypothalamus was isolated and assayed for acetylcholinesterase activity. Toxic sign scores were determined and they indicated that soman may be more toxic in the fasted rat. Soman-induced increases in corticosterone were observed in both fasted and fed rats; these levels were significantly higher in fasted rats given either soman or saline. Also, soman-induced increases in glucagon were more pronounced in fasted rats. Soman also caused an apparent dose-dependent increase in catecholamines and a decrease in hypothalamic acetylcholinesterase activity in both groups of rats. The expected lower insulin and glucose levels in the fasted rats were present in the saline-dosed animals and remained lower than fed rats after each dose of soman. This lack of soman-induced hyperglycemia may contribute to the toxicity of soman in fasted rats.
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PMID:Effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) on selected endocrine, glucose, and catecholamine levels in fasted and fed rats. 305 28

The effects of acute doses of soman (40, 60, or 80 micrograms/kg sc) in rats were evaluated for toxic symptoms as well as for changes in plasma levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. The relationship between changes in these levels and depressed acetylcholinesterase activity in the hypothalamus was determined. Soman 40 micrograms/kg did not manifest significant changes in any of the parameters evaluated. However, both the 60 and 80 micrograms/kg doses of soman caused dose- and time-related increases in plasma levels of glucose, corticosterone, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and a depression of insulin. Many of these increases, as well as the severity of toxicity, appear to be inversely related to the hypothalamic acetylcholinesterase levels. The hyperglycemia following the higher doses of soman is likely due to the combined effects of elevated levels of corticosterone, catecholamines, possibly glucagon, and depressed insulin levels. Stress from the toxic effects of soman is likely partially responsible for the endocrine effects since most of the changes observed are consistent with changes in these levels that would be manifested in an animal stress model.
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PMID:Effect of acute soman on selected endocrine parameters and blood glucose in rats. 306 86

The effects of repeated administration of soman on plasma glucose levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in erythrocytes and hypothalamus, and plasma levels of corticosterone, glucagon, insulin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were studied in male rats. Rats were given soman subcutaneously (sc), either 30 micrograms/kg every 24 hr for 5 or 12 days or 40 micrograms/kg every 24 hr for 5 days. All doses of soman markedly depressed AChE activity in the hypothalamus and completely inhibited AChE activity in erythrocytes. Soman 30 micrograms/kg given for 5 days did not alter plasma levels of any hormone assayed and produced few signs of intoxication. Soman 40 micrograms/kg given for 5 days elevated plasma levels of glucose and corticosterone and produced signs of severe cumulative intoxication. Daily administration of 30 micrograms/kg of soman for 12 days inhibited hypothalamic AChE activity 75%, lowered plasma insulin, and produced signs of moderate intoxication. Repeated administration of soman produced endocrine alterations only when significant signs of intoxication were evident. The absence of increases in plasma levels of catecholamines and corticosterone in rats exhibiting signs of moderate intoxication, and of catecholamines in rats exhibiting signs of severe intoxication, may indicate an impairment by soman of the normal endocrine response to stress.
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PMID:Effect of repeated administration of soman on selected endocrine parameters and blood glucose in rats. 306 87