Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) has a known increased incidence of diabetes mellitus and hepatic involvement. We investigated glucose tolerance and glucoregulatory hormone alterations in seven patients with PCT and correlated these results with hepatic histology by percutaneous liver biopsy. Abnormal glucose tolerance was observed in six of the seven patients (87%). Fasting serum insulin levels were normal range, and normal glucose and growth hormone responses to standard, exogenous intravenous insulin were observed. Fasting serum glucagon and urine free cortisol levels were normal in those patients in whom they were measured. While varying degrees of abnormalities were found on histopathologic exam of the liver biopsies, no patient met the criteria for cirrhosis, and none of the patients demonstrated abnormal levels of insulin counterregulatory hormones commonly seen in cirrhosis. Thus, liver disease may not be the sole cause of the observed glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in PCT patients.
 ...
PMID:Carbohydrate metabolism in porphyria cutanea tarda. 46 44

Glucose intolerance has been commonly observed in sepsis and has been attributed to a multitude of endocrine and metabolic disorders. From 1977 to 1978, 19 patients were studied using intravenous glucose tolerance tests to evaluate this phenomenon; 15 patients presented with ongoing sepsis and four patients served as stress controls. Glucose intolerance was found to be a significant finding in less than 40% of the septic group. This state of intolerance was noted to be associated with a high mortality rate (60%), whereas glucose tolerance in sepsis was associated with a much improved mortality rate (10%). Hormone levels were correlated with glucose tolerance curves using the parameters of insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine levels. Glucose intolerance and a high mortality rate were linked to sustained hyperglucagonemia, which was unresponsive to glucose challenge, and to marked suppression of growth hormone. This apparently represents a decompensated peripheral metabolic energy deficit, which results in the increased mortality rate.
 ...
PMID:The sepsis-glucose intolerance riddle: a hormonal explanation. 47 28

The effect of intravenous somatostatin on blood levels of metabolites and hormones has been examined in normal subjects who performed a 30-minute period of bicycle exercises at 70% maximal exercise capacity. The results have been compared with control studies in the same subjects. Measurements were made of blood levels of lactate, glucose, free fatty acids, glycerol, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone (hGH) and prolactin. Growth hormone and glucagon release were suppressed during exercise with somatostatin and there was a subsequent elevation during recovery. There was slight post-exercise depression of insulin, but no alteration of plasma prolactin secretion. Blood glucose was reduced during exercise with somatostatin and increased during recovery. The elevation of ketone bodies after exercise was greater in the investigation with somatostatin, but there were no significant changes in other metabolites. Somatostatin, although causing inhibition of hGH release, appeared to have no significant effect upon fatty acid mobilization during exercise.
 ...
PMID:The effect of somatostatin on metabolic and hormonal changes during and after exercise. 47 77

To define whether rapid rate of fall in blood glucose stimulates counterregulatory hormonal responses in diabetic man, blood glucose in eight hyperglycemic diabetic subjects was rapidly lowered by intravenous insulin administration. Despite precipitous declines in blood glucose, plasma epinephrine and growth hormone remained virtually unchanged. In contrast, norepinephrine and cortisol increased significantly (P less than 0.025) in the face of hyperglycemia or euglycemia, while glucagon was suppressed (P less than 0.025). A transient modest fall in mean arterial pressure and a rise in pulse rate were noted. No correlation was observed between glucose disappearance rate or decrement in glucose concentration and the hormonal responses. After sham insulin administration, no change was observed in plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol levels. These findings suggest that rate of fall in blood glucose per se is not a primary signal for counterregulatory hormonal response. Cortisol but not growth hormone release during falling blood glucose in diabetic subjects can occur despite elevated blood glucose levels. The etiology of norepinephrine and cortisol change is unclear.
 ...
PMID:Counterregulatory hormonal responses to rapid glucose lowering in diabetic man. 47 81

The effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a known inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone (GH) responses to tolbutamide were examined in ten normal volunteers. Treatment with 3.2 g ASA daily for 3 days caused a significant reduction in basal plasma glucose levels (p less than 0.05); by contrast, basal insulin rose from 23 +/- 2 to 31 +/- 2 microU/ml (p less than 0.01). No significant changes in the basal concentrations of glucagon and GH were found after ASA. Insulin response to tolbutamide was significantly augmented after ASA (p less than 0.01) while GH response to hypoglycemia was reduced (p less than 0.05). The pattern of plasma glucose and glucagon was not significantly modified by the treatment. Since ASA seems to have an action opposite to PGE on insulin and GH secretion, it is possible that the ASA may work through inhibition of PG synthesis.
 ...
PMID:Influence of acetylsalicylic acid on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone levels following tolbutamide stimulation in man. 48 Dec 13

Obese patients who voluntarily reduce to a normal weight may develop secondary amenorrhea. Six young women who dieted to lose from 13 to 50 pounds, including four from an obese weight, were evaluated because of absent cervical mucus ferning, hypoestrogenic vaginal smears, and failure to have withdrawal menses from a progestogen. Serum FSH values were normal in all, while four had normal serum LH and two had low serum LH levels. T4 and/or T3 uptake was normal in all. The pituitary-adrenal axis was apparently intact since baseline urinary steroids were normal as was the response to both ACTH and metyrapone. Fasting serum growth hormone was markedly elevated in two and slightly elevated in three, with the other patinet demonstrating an unusually high response to glucagon/propranolol in the 30 minute specimen. These endocrine findings are similar to those observed in patients with anorexia nervosa, but the weight loss is entirely voluntary and there was no associated psychiatric abnormality.
 ...
PMID:Amenorrhea secondary to voluntary weight loss. 48 81

To determine whether glucose intolerance in patients with chronic renal failure could improve by hemodialysis, the effects of arginine infusion on the concentration of blood sugar, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone were examined in healthy volunteers, undialyzed and dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. Plasma concentrations of sugar and hormones in undialyzed and dialyzed patients responded similarly to arginine infusion. While blood samples were collected at 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after beginning infusion of arginine, the concentrations of sugar and hormones in both patients had no statistically significant differences. However, plasma concentrations of growth hormone in both patients 180 min after beginning of arginine infusion gave statistically significant differences. In the present study, the results suggest that hemodialysis might not improve the glucose tolerance in the patients with chronic renal failure.
 ...
PMID:Response of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone to arginine infusion in patients with chronic renal failure. 49 15

Metabolic changes following injury have been observed for many years, and John Hunter discussed such changes in 1794. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism have been observed for a similar length of time, and glycosuria and hyperglycaemia have been reported by a number of observers. This paper records and quantitates the extent of hyperglycaemia in patients undergoing surgery of different degrees of severity and relates them to changes in blood insulin, growth hormone, cortisol, and catecholamine concentrations. Further animal studies were performed which suggested that a fall in intracellular glucose utilisation may be a contributory factor. The use of isotope labelling of glucose in man has enabled further studies to be done to clarify changes in exchangeable glucose mass, replacement rate, and space both in the normal situation and in the presence of infusions of glucagon, noradrenaline, glucose, and amino-acids. The hyperglycaemia is clearly the result of a complex interaction of changes in the availability and activity of hormones which control glucose metabolism both within and outside the cell.
 ...
PMID:Glucose homoeostasis following injury. 49 34

We have demonstrated previously that cyclic somatostatin (GH-RIH) exerts a diabetogenic action in healthy subjects. To further examine the impact of this phenomenon studies of blood glucose (BG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glucagon (IRG) and growth hormone (GH) were performed in insulin requiring diabetics (n = 6) receiving i.v. arginine (0.5 g/kg) both in the absence and presence of i.v. GH-RIH (500 microgram/h). The infusion of GH-RIH-resulted in a persistent diminution in plasma IRI, IRG and GH. BG fell during i.v. GH-RIH during the initial 30 min and was below control values up to 45 min after initiation of i.v. arginine, but subsequently exceeded control levels (p less than 0.05 - less than 0.025). The excess rise in BG occurred in spite of suppression by somatostatin of the ariginine induced release of IRG, IRI and GH. A fall in BG was seen following cessation of i.v. GH-RIH and during a rebound of insulin release with glucagon levels remaining in the basal range. These findings indicate a diabetogenic action of somatostatin also in insulin requiring diabetics as long as some residual capacity for insulin release is retained.
 ...
PMID:Increase by somatostatin of the arginine induced rise in blood glucose in untreated insulin requiring diabetics. 49

The study was designed to establish where significant correlations exist in a variety of metabolic substrates and hormone mediators in patients sustaining thermal injury. The factors studied were insulin, human growth hormone, cortisol, glucagon, free fatty acid, triglyceride and glucose. Incorporated into this design was an evaluation of the impact of quantitated severity of injury upon these correlations. In patients sustaining a low severity of injury (Probability of death (p = 2.2 to 33.9) there appeared a loss of glucose regulation in conjunction with insulin resistance without significant interplay of other factors studied. In contrast, patients sustaining high severity injury (p = 46.9 to 100) evidenced correlations between glucagon and glucose (negative), cortisol and free fatty acid indicating a significant role of hyperglucagonemia in these patients. A discriminant function analysis was employed to incorporate all significant variables into a probability model. Only insulin, glucose and glucagon appeared in the optimal classification equation.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic profiles of thermal trauma. 51 69


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>