Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The glucose, insulin, and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) responses to intravenous glucagon were found to be impaired in growth hormone deficient children. The delta plasma glucose response in 22 normal children was 54.5 mg/dl compared to 38.4 mg/dl in the 11 growth hormone deficient children; t = 2.74, P less than 0.02. For serum insulin, the comparative values were 65.3 muU/ml (n = 20) vs. 29.8 muU/ml (n = 11); t = 3.03, P less than 0.01. For urinary cyclic AMP, the comparative values were 0.46 mumol/m2 (n = 22) vs. 0.18 mumol/m2 (n = 10); t = 2.48, P less than 0.02. Growth hormone therapy resulted in a significant improvement in the glucose, insulin, and cyclic AMP responses to intravenous glucagon in the growth hormone deficient group of children.
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PMID:Impaired glucose, insulin, and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate responses to glucagon in growth hormone deficient children. 18 73

Fat cells were preincubated for 2 h in the presence and absence of growth hormone (GH) and Dexamethasone (Dex) before the addition of increasing concentrations of either epinephrine, theophylline or glucagon and final incubation of the cells for an additional 5 minutes. GH and Dex increased by 85%, 28% and 72%, respectively, the cAMP levels reached in the sole presence of 10(-5)M epinephrine, 10(-2)M theophylline or 5 X 10(-5)M glucagon. An adenylate cyclase particulate preparation shows that epinephrine decreases Km from 2mM to 0.6 MM and increases Vmax and the strength of interaction value (n) from 0.91 to 1.75.
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PMID:Hormonal control of fat cells adenylate cyclase. 18 30

Endocrine functions were investigated in a case of "beta-adrenergic hyperdynamic circulatory state". This state was diagnosed by (1) typical symptoms of cardiac awareness, (2) physical findings (increments of pulse rate and blood pressure by changing positions or walking), (3) increase in cardiac output (5.25 l/min leads to 14.03 l/min) and decrease in circulatory time (10.8 sec leads to 5.5 sec) by isoproterenol infusion (0.02 mug/min/kg body weight), (4) rapid loss of symptoms and above findings by propranolol treatment (30 mg per os daily) and reappearance by discontinuing medication. The mechanism of insulin response to glucose has been a controversy as to whether the secretion is transmitted by beta-receptor or independent glucose receptor. And in this physiologic beta-adrenergic state, it was found that insulin responses in IVGTT and OGTT were within normal limit. When beta-adrenergic condition was corrected by propranolol treatment, insulin responses were shown lowered, though in the normal range. This could be reproduced by discontinuing medication. Insulin, glucagon and growth hormone secretions caused by arginine were also found normal, but during the period the patient was on propranolol therapy, all responses were decreased, within the normal range. These results do not positively support the idea that glucose receptor is linked to beta-receptor. They do not either agree with the contention that secretions of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone induced by arginine are mediated through beta-receptors.
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PMID:Endocrine function in a case of beta-adrenergic hyperdynamic circulatory state. 18 35

A simple radioreceptor assay for insulin rat liver membranes as receptor sites, with sufficient specificity precision, and sensitivity to detect 10 ng or 276 muU/ml of serum insulin, has been developed. In the presence of standard porcine insulin at the concentration of 1.0 ng/tube, approximately 8% of 125I-porcine insulin was bound to the plasma membranes and ninety-five per cent of this binding was inhibited by 1.0 microgram of standard insulin per tube. Four animal insulins inhibited the binding of 125I-insulin while ACTH, glucagon, human growth hormone, and oxytocin were inert. Insulin values in dog pancreatic vein sera obtained during and after glucose loading and measured by the present radioreceptor assay agreed well with immunoreactive insulin. The ratio of IRI to the measurement by radioreceptor assay was 1.09 +/- 0.18 for the same sera.
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PMID:A radioreceptor assay for insulin: direct measurement of dog pancreatic vein serum insulin. 19 69

Obese Zucker rats were either pair-fed to their lean litter-mates or fed ad lib, to determine the effect of hyperphagia on serum hormone levels and tissue metabolism as indicated by enzyme activities and in vitro metabolite flux. Hyperphagia was shown to be non-essential for the elevation in serum insulin and suppression in serum growth hormone and prolactin in the genetically obese rat. It was also shown that the increased liver cell lipogenic rate was not dependent on hyperphagia in the obese rat and that adipose cell lipogenesis was not significantly altered in the pair-fed obese rat. The utilization of alanine for glucose synthesis in vitro was similar for both lean and obese rats, but its utilization for fatty acid synthesis was higher in the obese rat. Data is presented which suggest that the inhibitory effect of glucagon on liver lipogenesis is blunted in the obese rat.
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PMID:Serum hormone levels and tissue metabolism in pair-fed lean and obese Zucker rats. 19 81

Cyclic AMP is a common second messenger for a variety of hormones such as catecholamine, glucagon, and growth hormone, which are affected by cardiac surgery. Changes in plasma cyclic AMP level may thus reflect an altered hormonal milieu. The effects of open-heart surgery on plasma cyclic AMP and its relation with serum insulin were studied in 33 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma cyclic AMP levels were markedly elevated during cardiopulmonary bypass and returned toward normal within several days after the operation. The serum insulin concentration remained low, and no positive correlation was found with plasma cyclic AMP level. The responses were similar in patients who had aorta-coronary bypass grafts and those who had valve replacements.
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PMID:Levels of plasma cyclic AMP and insulin in cardiac surgery. 20 75

A model for a biologically active conformation of somatostatin is proposed. This model is based primarily on the biological results obtained with novel bicyclic somatostatin analogs having a covalent bridge replacing the side chains of residues 5 and 10, 6 and 11, and 5 and 12, respectively, rather than on physical measurements on the hormone in solution. The high activity of an analog in which Phe6 and Phe11 are replaced by cystine provides evidence that these phenylalanines stabilize the biologically active conformer through "hydrophobic bonding" but do not directly interact with the receptor. The synthesis of the novel bicyclic analogs of somatostatin and the effects of these on the inhibition of secretion of insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and gastric acid are described.
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PMID:Conformationally restricted bicyclic analogs of somatostatin. 20 68

A radioimmunoassay of the lipolytic peptide P-LF II D from porcine pituitaries is described. The assay is performed with 125-iodine labeled P-LF II D and with antisera either from guinea pigs or from rabbits. Bound antigen is separated from the free by double antibody technique. No cross reaction is observed with gamma lipotropin, peptide B, secretin, glucagon, isoproterenol. Due to contamination P-LF II C, beta lipotropin and human growth hormone displace the tracer when added at large doses. Complete cross reaction is observed between porcine 1-39 ACTH and P-LF II D. Specificity of this reaction is demonstrated by the increase of cross reaction, when ACTH fragments of increasing length of the polypeptide chain are used (1-23 ACTH, 1-24 ACTH and 1-28 ACTH).
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PMID:Studies on the pituitary "Fettstoffwechselhormon". VIII. Radioimmunoassay of the lipolytic factor P-LF II D. 21 94

Various hormonal and non-hormonal agents were tested for their ability to induce ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) in primary cultures of fetal rat liver cells that retain many of the differentiated functions of hepatocytes. The only agents to induce ornithine decarboxylase in this cell type were fetal calf serum, prostaglandin E1 and cyclic AMP derivatives. Also, the amino acid arginine would induce ornithine decarboxylase in this cell type following arginine starvation for 24 h. These observations are in contrast to the wide range of hormones, e.g. insulin, hydrocortisone, glucagon and growth hormone, than can induce ornithine decarboxylase in vivo in the adult rat liver but which are all without effect on fetal rat liver cells.
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PMID:Factors regulating the induction of ornithine decarboxylase in fetal rat liver cells in culture. 21 27

The localization of various neuropeptides is described in the gut and in the hypothalamus in the rat. Evidence is given for the presence of material resembling corticotropin-like intermediate peptide in arcuate and periarcuate neurons, projecting to various hypothalamic nuclei, limbic areas and the thalamus. beta-Endorphin and glucagon decrease dopamine turnover in the median eminence, while secretin increases dopamine turnover and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has no effect. beta-Endorphin, VIP, secretin, and glucagon all produce discrete changes in norepinephrine turnover in various hypothalamic nuclei. Mainly increases of norepinephrine turnover were observed. These catecholamine turnover changes appear to cause changes in the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone. The results therefore indicate that gut hormones and opioid peptides may act directly on the hypothalamus on specific types of receptors to participate in the control of hypothalamic functions such as control of hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary and of food intake. It seems possible that gastrointestinal peptides released from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulation under certain circumstances could reach the hypothalamus and modulate its activity via the above-mentioned mechanisms. It may therefore be speculated that disturbances in gastrointestinal functions could lead to pathological changes in food intake via modulation of hypothalamic activity.
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PMID:Localization and possible function of peptidergic neurons and their interactions with central catecholamine neurons, and the central actions of gut hormones. 22 24


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