Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The reasons for and objections to the use of drugs as adjuncts in barium meal and follow-through examinations are briefly reviewed. Physiological factors related to gastric emptying are considered, including the volume, temperature and osmolarity. The drugs considered include those that speed gastric emptying and small bowel transit such as metoclopramide, those that delay gastric emptying such as propantheline and gastrointestinal hormones such as glucagon. Glucagon first produces gastric and duodenal dilatation and subsequently speeds transit through the small bowel. The indications, contra-indications and side effects of these drugs are also considered and tabulated.
 ...
PMID:Pharmaco-radiology in barium examinations with special reference to glucagon. 81 Feb 2

Intramuscular glucagon was used in 2 patients with ileocolic intussusception when standard therapeutic barium enema reduction failed. Reduction was accomplished following administration of glucagon and a repeat barium enema. Use of the two methods together may improve the success rate of nonoperative reduction of intussusception.
 ...
PMID:Glucagon-aided reduction of intussusception. 83 Mar 38

Double contrast examination of the stomach has a greater accuracy than conventional barium meal, especially in the diagnosis of minor gastric lesions. The use of a common drinking straw with a side-hole to introduce air simultaneously with the barium suspension after gastric emptying with metoclopramide and using short acting hypotonic agents like Buscopan and Glucagon provides a practical and effective simplified technique for double contrast examination of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.
 ...
PMID:Double contrast examination of the stomach. An improved technique. 87 Oct 88

The incidence of significant arrhythmias and ST segment changes during barium enema examination (BE) was evaluated by Holter monitoring of 58 unselected patients over the age of 60 years. Forty percent of the group developed new significant arrhythmias of which the most common were frequent and/or multifocal premature ventricular contractions. Seven percent demonstrated ST segment depression. Administration of glucagon did not diminish the incidence of arrhythmias. Predictive factors for ECG abnormalities were advancing age, abnormal pre-BE-ECG, and pre-BE orthostatic hypotension. Analysis of arhythmias and response to phywiologic tension. Analysis of arrhythmias and response to physiologic manoeuvres suggested that the abnormalities were related to increased sympathetic tone which may be intensified by hypovolaemia resulting from routine bowel preparation.
 ...
PMID:Predictive factors and mechanism of arrhythmias and myocardial ischaemic changes in elderly patients during barium enema. 100 Jan 70

Insulin release was studied in vitro using pieces of pancreas from rabbits of between 24 days gestational age and 6 weeks postnatal age. When allowance was made for the fraction of pancreas which was endocrine, 16-5mM-glucose caused increasing stimulation of insulin release as development advanced and 3-3 mM-glucose caused a similar rate of secretion at all ages. Secretion was not significantly influenced by insulin destruction in the incubation medium. Glucagon (5 mug/ml) did not stimulate insulin secretion from 24-day foetal pancreas but did so postnatally. Theophylline (1 mmol/1) stimulated insulin release at all ages and was equipotent on 24-day foetal pancreas in 3-3 or 16-5 mM-glucose. The stimulation of insulin release from 24-day foetal pancreas by 1 mM-theophylline occurred in the absence of extracellular glucose, pyruvate, fumarate and glutamate and in the presence of mannoheptulose and 2-deoxyglucose (each 3 mg/ml). Adrenaline (1 mumol/1) and diazoxide (250 mug/ml) abolished or attenuated the stimulation of insulin release by glucose, leucine plus arginine or theophylline from 24-day foetal, 1 day and 6 weeks postnatal pancreas. The stimulation of insulin release from 6-week-old pancreas by 1mM-barium was blocked by adrenaline and diazoxide but the effect became less with increasing immaturity. The experimental results illustrate some of the ways in which insulin secretion by the rabbit beta cell changes as a function of development and draw attention to the importance of glucose and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in this process.
 ...
PMID:Development of pathways of insulin secretion in the rabbit. 109 Jun 94

Fifty barium-enema studies were performed with glucagon and 50 with a placebo to compare their effect on colonic spasm, patient discomfort, and diagnostic quality. Each drug was administered in a randomized double-blind fashion and was injected intramuscularly 10 minutes before beginning the enema. Bowel relaxation during fluoroscopy was graded. Patients were questioned about discomfort during and immediately after the enema, and radiographs were reviewed blindly for diagnostic quality and degree of spasm. Studies done with glucagon produced significantly less spasm and discomfort and better diagnostic quality compared to the placebo (p less than 0.01).
 ...
PMID:The effect of glucagon on barium-enema examination. 109 Sep 79

The authors report their experience with glucagon in the barium enema examination. Two milligrams of glucagon given intramuscularly was found to be safe and effective in overcoming functional spasm, permitting more detailed evaluation of organic narrowing. The relatively infrequent side effects and few contraindications seen with glucagon make it the drug of choice when reduction in intestinal tone is indicated.
 ...
PMID:Hypotonic examination of the colon with glucagon. 111 89

To determine what practices are being utilized in the management of intussusception, a survey was sent to chairpersons of 64 Pediatric Radiology departments in the United States and Canada. There was a 92% response rate. Barium is used in 97% of departments and is the most commonly used contrast-agent in 64%. Water-soluble contrast is used in 83% of departments and air in 50%. In high-risk patients, water soluble contrast is used in 71% of departments, air in 28% and barium in 24%. Glucagon, pre-exam antibiotics, and pre-exam sedation are not used regularly in a majority of departments. The radiologic management of intussusception is more varied than only a few years ago. Use of water-soluble contrast and air have increased, while barium use is less routine.
 ...
PMID:The current radiologic management of intussusception: a survey and review. 846 7

The cleansing effect of large-volume enemas supported or unsupported by glucagon was studied in 20 each outpatients before a double-contrast barium enema. There was no statistically significant difference in respect of the remaining rests of faeces and the contrast medium coat. Patients suffering from intestinal spasms and anal insufficiency experience a feeling of relief by the intramuscular administration of glucagon during the preparatory enema; the quality of the double-contrast barium enema is not affected.
 ...
PMID:[Glucagon-based cleansing enemas prior to a double-contrast barium enema]. 154 92

Hepatic proteolysis is inhibited by insulin, amino acids and hypoosmotic cell swelling and is stimulated by glucagon. These effectors simultaneously modulate cell volume in the intact liver, as shown by measurements of the intracellular water space. A close relationship exists between the effect on proteolysis and the accompanying cell volume change, regardless of whether hepatic proteolysis was modified by insulin, glucagon, cyclic AMP, glutamine, glycine, barium of hypoosmotic exposure. It is suggested that cell volume changes exerted by hormones and amino acids play a crucial role in the regulation of hepatic proteolysis.
 ...
PMID:Cell volume is a major determinant of proteolysis control in liver. 164 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>