Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fasting levels of 5 gut hormones were studied in 30 patients with advanced uraemia (CRF), 40 undergoing regular dialysis (RD) and 555 renal transplant patients (RT). Mean values of gastrin and total glucagon were markedly elevated in CRF and RD patients compared with 20 normal subjects; there were lesser elevations in pancreatic glucagon, insulin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Secretin levels were unchanged. In RT patients, fasting levels of VIP and pancreatic glucagon had returned to normal, while levels of gastrin, total glucagon and insulin remained slightly elevated compared with controls. Food stimulated hormone levels were measured in 18 RD patients and compared with 18 controls. After eating, RD patients failed to show the late increase in total glucagon, or the suppression of VIP and secretin seen in normal subjects; the pattern of gastrin and insulin response was similar to controls, but after the initial increase plasma levels in RD patients tended to show a slower decline. Thus involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in uraemia is associated with functional disturbance of the endocrine system of the gut.
Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1978
PMID:Elevations of gastrointestinal hormones in chronic renal failure. 74 Jun 78

The effect of two different regimens of intravenous infusion of amino acids on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), tubular sodium and water handling judged from the clearance of lithium (CLi), and plasma concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone (Aldo), arginine vasopressin (AVP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), growth hormone (GH), and glucagon was investigated in healthy humans. In the first protocol (n = 11) the infusion lasted 90 min; both GFR and RPF increased significantly (median increase 7.1% and 9.1% respectively, P less than 0.05 both). In the second protocol (n = 13) the infusion lasted 30 min; both GFR and RPF tended to increase (median increase 3.5% and 7.4%) but the change did not reach significance. The changes in tubular sodium and water handling were similar in the two protocols. Absolute reabsorption rates in the proximal tubules were unaltered, resulting in an increased output into the distal tubules that was totally compensated for by an increased distal reabsorption. Thus no changes in urinary excretion of sodium and water were observed. Ang II, Aldo, AVP, ANP and GH were unchanged by amino acid infusion, but glucagon increased. It is suggested that the alterations in renal haemodynamics and distal tubular reabsorption may be mediated by glucagon.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Effect of two regimens of intravenous amino acid infusion on renal haemodynamics, renal tubular function and sodium and water homeostatic hormones in healthy humans. 187 82

The role of glucagon as a mediator of aminoacid-induced alteration of renal haemodynamics was evaluated in man in three different protocols. In the first it was shown that the increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) observed during an aminoacid infusion was prevented by the additional infusion of somatostatin (SRIF), but reproduced by a glucagon infusion in the presence of SRIF. In the second protocol it was shown that, at variance with normal subjects, six totally pancreatectomised patients, thus deprived of pancreatic glucagon secretion, did not increase their GFR and RPF when infused with amino-acids, whereas they exhibited the expected hyperfiltration when infused with glucagon. In the third protocol it was shown that glucagon infusion in a renal artery did not alter the homolateral renal haemodynamics. It is concluded that glucagon secretion is a mandatory step in the cascade of events linking the infusion of aminoacids to the renal hyperfiltration. Other steps beyond glucagon secretion are necessarily involved because glucagon has no direct renal effect.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990
PMID:Glucagon secretion is essential for aminoacid-induced hyperfiltration in man. 197 54

Pancreatic beta-cell function was evaluated in uraemic patients by measuring beta-cell peptides in the peripheral blood after intravenous glucagon (1 mg) stimulation. Patients in chronic renal failure, patients on haemodialysis, and both new and established subjects on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (10 in each group) were studied and compared to 8 healthy controls. Fasting glucose (3.6-4.4 mmol/l) and insulin concentrations (9.5-11.7 mU/l) were normal and did not differ between the uraemic groups, but c-peptide concentrations were markedly increased in uremia (1.84-2.38 nmol/l) compared to controls (0.48 nmol/l). Following glucagon stimulation an exaggerated blood glucose response with delayed glucose peak was observed, while the peak insulin response to glucagon was normal; however, the return to basal concentrations was delayed in uraemia. The c-peptide response was also exaggerated and peak concentrations in uraemic subjects (3.0-4.3 nmol/l) were significantly greater than controls (1.5 nmol/l). The response of CAPD patients was similar to those on haemodialysis and non-dialysed uraemic patients. The abnormalities seen were due to uraemia, and CAPD treatment had no specific adverse effect on beta-cell function. Thus, from this data there was no evidence that CAPD per se is detrimental to beta-cell integrity.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1988
PMID:Pancreatic beta-cell function in CAPD. 314 Jan 32

As already reported short-term rHuEpo treatment influences plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and gastrin secretion in haemodialysed patients. The present study aimed to assess the influence of long-term rHuEpo treatment on secretion of above mentioned hormones. A total of 27 haemodialysed patients and nine healthy subjects were examined. Nine patients with uraemic anaemia were treated with rHuEpo for 12 months (Epo group) while another nine patients did not receive rHuEpo (non-Epo group), but were monitored biochemically and clinically as patients of the Epo group. The third group (HD) comprised nine haemodialysed patients with a haematocrit value of > or = 30% without rHuEpo therapy. In all subjects plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, gastrin, and PP were estimated before and after administration of a test meal. Patients of the Epo group were examined before and after 6 and 12 months of rHuEpo treatment (patients of the Epo group) or clinical monitoring (patients of the non-Epo group) respectively, while only one test was performed in patients of the HD group and healthy subjects. Six months of rHuEpo treatment was followed by an increase of fasting insulinaemia and a decrease of basal plasma level of glucagon and PP. At that time point rHuEpo therapy also increased the response of insulin, glucagon, and gastrin to the test meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994
PMID:Influence of long-term erythropoietin treatment on insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastrin secretion in haemodialysed patients. 807 22

To determine whether renal reserve capacity was preserved in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with well-preserved kidney function, and how sodium was handled in proximal and distal tubules, 13 healthy control subjects and 13 patients with biopsy-verified chronic glomerulonephritis were studied before and during a continuous 120-min amino-acid infusion. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and tubular function evaluated by the lithium clearance method, were determined during six clearance periods of 30 min each. Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), aldosterone, arginine vasopressin (AVP), glucagon, amino acid and serum osmolality were determined before, 60, and 120 min after infusion. GFR and RPF increased about 10% in both groups; filtration fraction (FF) was unchanged. Proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium and water decreased, and distal tubular reabsorption of sodium and water increased, and thus the net excretion of sodium and water was unchanged. Angiotensin II and aldosterone were reduced in control subjects, but not in the patients. ANP and glucagon increased equally in both groups. Most amino acids increased two- or threefold. It is concluded that renal reserve capacity and glomerulotubular balance are intact in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with well-preserved renal function, but there is an abnormal lack of suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in response to an amino acid infusion in these patients.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994
PMID:Renal haemodynamic changes, renal tubular function, sodium and water homeostatic hormones in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and in healthy humans after intravenous infusion of amino acids. 809 Mar 30

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease associated with cardiovascular complications. Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis also experience an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. To prevent progression of cardiovascular complications in DM patients, glycemic control is important. In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide analog liraglutide for treating type 2 diabetes patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Sixteen type 2 diabetes patients on peritoneal dialysis were enrolled. Before liraglutide initiation, 11 patients were on insulin therapy, three were on oral antidiabetic agents, and two were on diet therapy. Of the 16 patients, 12 had switched to liraglutide because of severe hypoglycemia and four because of hyperglycemia. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 12 months after liraglutide initiation. Hemoglobin A1c, glycosylated albumin, and fasting/postprandial glucose levels gradually decreased after liraglutide initiation. After 6 and 12 months of treatment, postprandial glucose levels showed a significant difference from baseline. Moreover, the mean daily glucose level and glycemic fluctuations decreased. Systolic blood pressure upon waking also decreased. In addition, after 12 months, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) decreased and left ventricular ejection fraction increased. Changes in LVMI positively correlated with morning systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose levels. One patient restarted insulin because of anorexia but severe hypoglycemia was not observed. These findings suggest that liraglutide therapy in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis is safe and effective for decreasing glucose levels, glycemic fluctuations, and blood pressure, apart from improving left ventricular function.
Ther Apher Dial 2015 Dec
PMID:Liraglutide Improves Glycemic and Blood Pressure Control and Ameliorates Progression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Peritoneal Dialysis. 2655 97

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major problem of public health. Currently, many of these patients experience progression of cardiovascular and renal disease, even when receiving optimal treatment. In previous years, several new drug classes for the treatment of type 2 DM have emerged, including inhibitors of renal sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Apart from reducing glycaemia, these classes were reported to have other beneficial effects for the cardiovascular and renal systems, such as weight loss and blood pressure reduction. Most importantly, in contrast to all previous studies with anti-diabetic agents, a series of recent randomized, placebo-controlled outcome trials showed that SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are able to reduce cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, as well as progression of renal disease, in patients with type 2 DM. This document presents in detail the available evidence on the cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 analogues, analyses the potential mechanisms involved in these actions and discusses their place in the treatment of patients with CKD and DM.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019 02 01
PMID:SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists for nephroprotection and cardioprotection in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. A consensus statement by the EURECA-m and the DIABESITY working groups of the ERA-EDTA. 3139 76