Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In cultured rat hepatocytes, the effects of gut hormones on bile acid uptake and release were studied. It was found that cultured hepatocytes continued to secrete bile acids into the culture medium and incorporated them effectively as a function of incubation time. Gut hormones such as secretin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), tetragastrin, cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), neurotensin substance P, beta-endorphin (beta-End), methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk), motilin, bombesin and somatostatin (SS) had no effect on bile acid uptake by cultured hepatocytes. In bile acid release studies, only secretin caused a dose-dependent stimulation of bile acid release, while other gut hormones had no effect on bile acid release into medium. These results indicate that secretin acts directly on cultured rat hepatocytes and/or bile canaliculi, besides its effect on the bile duct, and influences bile acid metabolism.
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PMID:Effects of gut hormones on bile acid uptake and release in cultured rat hepatocytes. 359 53

Effects of an artificial mental stress on colonic motility, autonomic nervous system, and gastrointestinal hormones were examined in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The subjects were 20 patients with typical IBS and 12 controls. A transducer was inserted to the sigmoid colon from the anus for measuring colonic intraluminal pressure, and mirror drawing test was loaded as psychological stress. At the same time, coefficient of variation of R-R interval on ECG (CV-RR) was measured and the levels of plasma catecholamines, gastrin, glucagon, and motilin were assessed. Colonic motility showed a significant increase in the IBS patients during the stress compared with that in controls (p less than 0.01). Motilin also increased significantly in the IBS patients after the stress (p less than 0.01). CV-RR and motilin revealed positive relationship with colonic motility alteration in the IBS patients although no significant change was detected in controls. These phenomena are thought to be due to autonomic nervous dysfunction and/or gastrointestinal hormonal derrangments induced by psychological stress. It is suggested that organ specificity of the alimentary tract for the stress exists in this disease.
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PMID:Colonic motility, autonomic function, and gastrointestinal hormones under psychological stress on irritable bowel syndrome. 361 51

Twelve endocrine cell types immunoreactive for either 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), somatostatin, gastrin, motilin, neurotensin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP), pancreatic glucagon, enteroglucagon, glicentin, secretin or cholecystokinin (CCK) were found in gastrointestinal mucosa of Caiman latirostris. Moderate numbers of enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells, a few 5-HT-, somatostatin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells and rare pancreatic glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the fundic stomach. Numerous gastrin-immunoreactive cells and moderate numbers of somatostatin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells were seen in the pyloric stomach. Moderate numbers of 5-HT-, gastrin-, motilin- and enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells, a few somatostatin-, neurotensin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells, and rare APP-, pancreatic glucagon-, glicentin-, secretin- and CCK-immunoreactive cells were observed in the proximal intestine. Moderate numbers of 5-HT-immunoreactive cells, small to moderate numbers of neurotensin- and enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells and occasional somatostatin-, motilin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were seen in the distal intestine. Moderate numbers of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells and a few 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were found also in the cloaca. Cells immunoreactive for gastrin releasing polypeptide, bombesin and gastric inhibitory peptide were not observed in the caiman gastrointestinal epithelium. The differences in endocrine cell types between the caiman and alligator are discussed in terms of their topographic distribution.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of the endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the Caiman latirostris. 366 53

Cisapride is a novel gastrointestinal prokinetic drug. The aim of the present study was to investigate gastric emptying time and secretion of gastrointestinal hormones (Gastrin, Motilin, Glucagon) after single oral intake of 5 mg or 10 mg cisapride. The healthy men aged 23-55 years participated the study. The gastric emptying time and gastrointestinal hormones were measured by gamma-camera radioisotopic technique and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The half time of emptying phase was reduced from 31.78 min to 29.88 min, and emptying rate increased in 10 mg cisapride group. There was a tendency that cisapride accelerated a stimulation of Motilin secretion.
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PMID:[The effect of cisapride on gastric emptying time and release of gastrointestinal hormones]. 368 87

Peptide YY (PYY) is a 36 amino acid peptide produced by mucosal endocrine cells of the ileum and colon which inhibits acid secretion and intestinal transit in man. To assess its effects on metabolites and digestive hormones PYY was infused into 18 fasting normal subjects at three dose levels (0.06, 0.19, and 0.57 pmol kg-1 min-1), each for a period of 1 h. During the infusions mean plasma PYY levels increased by 8, 25, and 73 pmol/liter, respectively. The mean disappearance half-time on stopping the infusions was 9.2 +/- 0.4 (SEM) min. The mean MCR was 7.3 +/- 0.7 ml kg-1 min-1 and the apparent volume of distribution was calculated to be 94 +/- 9 ml kg-1. During the highest dose infusion there was a significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, of 8.6 +/- 3.7 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and 10.9 +/- 3.0 mmHg (P less than 0.01), respectively. PYY caused a significant 50% reduction in plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations (P less than 0.05) and a 55% reduction in circulating motilin levels (P less than 0.05). PYY had no significant effect on circulating concentrations of insulin, glucagon, gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, neurotensin, enteroglucagon, or vasoactive intestinal peptide. PYY also had no significant effect on circulating concentrations of glucose, lactate, glycerol, or nonesterified fatty acids. This recently discovered human intestinal hormonal peptide thus has significant effects both on gastrointestinal hormones (motilin and pancreatic polypeptide) and blood pressure in man, but appears not to influence glucose or lipid metabolism.
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PMID:Peptide YY kinetics and effects on blood pressure and circulating pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones and metabolites in man. 375 28

Motilin receptors in rabbit antral and duodenal smooth muscle tissue were characterized by direct binding technique using 125I-labeled porcine motilin as a tracer ligand. Binding at 30 degrees C was maximal at 90 min, was saturable and partially reversible. Displacement studies with natural porcine motilin, synthetic leucine-motilin or norleucine-motilin indicated a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.1 +/- 0.3 nM and a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 42 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein. Binding was unaffected by glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, but substance P interfered via an unknown mechanism. By density gradient centrifugation motilin receptors were shown to be present in plasma membranes. Binding could only be demonstrated in preparations from antrum and upper duodenum. These observations provide evidence for a localized target region for motilin in the gastrointestinal tract, and for a direct interaction of motilin with gastrointestinal smooth muscle tissue.
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PMID:Motilin receptors in rabbit stomach and small intestine. 378 36

The small intestine of Vipera aspis, Natrix natrix and Natrix maura has been investigated for the presence of six gastrointestinal peptides reported to occur in Mammals. Gastrin/CCK and somatostatin were present in endocrine cells of the gut of all the species investigated. The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was located within nerve terminals and in body cells only in the small intestine of Vipers and was absent in the Natricinae investigated. No immunoreactivity was found with the antisera to glucagon, secretin and motilin.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of gut peptides in the small intestine of snakes. 379 35

The role of the vagus nerve in the control of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) stimulated gastroenteropancreatic hormone release and gastric acid secretion was investigated in four conscious gastric fistula dogs using a technique of bilateral cryogenic vagal blockade. A 90-min infusion of GRP at a dose of 400 pmol X kg-1. h-1 produced significant elevations in plasma levels of gastrin, motilin, GIP, enteroglucagon, insulin, pancreatic glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and VIP. Vagal blockade reversibly inhibited the rise of plasma PP and significantly blunted the elevation of plasma VIP. However, the GRP stimulated response of the other hormones investigated was not modified by vagal blockade. Similarly, the substantial secretion of gastric acid observed with GRP was not influenced by vagal blockade. Thus GRP acts predominantly via mechanisms which are independent of vagal integrity, findings that are in support of a major role for the local neuromodulation of hormone release and gastric acid secretion.
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PMID:The role of vagal integrity in gastrin releasing peptide stimulated gastroenteropancreatic hormone release and gastric acid secretion. 388 1

A major physiological role of calcitonin in humans appears to be regulation of skeletal turnover. It has been suggested that another function of calcitonin is to prevent post-prandial rises in calcium, particularly in animals, but the importance of such a function in man remains to be determined. Although it is known that calcitonin has an inhibitory effect on the secretion of gastrin and insulin, its actions on other gut and pancreatic hormones have not previously been studied. To investigate interrelations between calcitonin and gastrointestinal regulatory peptides, 0.5 mg synthetic human calcitonin was administered to 10 fasting patients. No changes in the plasma concentrations of glucose, somatostatin, neurotensin, enteroglucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or bombesin were observed. In contrast, profound falls in the circulating levels of gastrin, insulin and pancreatic glucagon were seen, reaching a maximum shortly after the peak of plasma calcitonin concentration. Marked changes were also observed in the levels of motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and, to a lesser extent, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, but the maximal falls occurred about 40 min later, coinciding with a significant fall in serum calcium. It is possible that the effect of calcitonin on these hormones was direct, perhaps receptor-mediated. The falls in levels of motilin and pancreatic polypeptide could have been further enhanced by changes in extracellular calcium ion concentrations. Whether any of these effects of calcitonin occur physiologically remains to be determined. However, these findings suggest new therapeutic possibilities for calcitonin.
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PMID:Effect of calcitonin on gastrointestinal regulatory peptides in man. 389 80

Oscillations in basal plasma levels of the pancreatic hormones; insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide have been reported previously. We now report on oscillations in circulating motilin-like immunoreactivity (MLI) in fasted and fed man. Six healthy subjects were studied during two 36-hour test periods, one while fasting and another with the regular ingestion of equicaloric meals at 0800, 1200 and 1800 hours. Blood was sampled every 30 min. from 0800 to 2400 and every 60 min. from 2400 to 0800 the next morning. In the fasting state the mean +/- S.E. concentrations in plasma for the 6 subjects were: MLI, 180 +/- 19.4 pg/ml, insulin 4.4 +/- 1.1 microU/ml, pancreatic polypeptide (hpp), 119 +/- 25.0 pg/ml, and glucose 82 +/- 6.4 mg/dl. Large oscillations in plasma MLI were detected with 1/2 amplitude of 23.2 +/- 4.7% of mean, and a period of 159 min. which varied according to each subject. Plasma hpp levels fluctuated similarly, and a good correlation was found between MLI and hPP indicating a rhythmic secretion of these peptides by the gut and pancreas. MLI fluctuations were independent of insulin which revealed a significant oscillation with a period of 320 min. The ingestion of meals caused the expected increase in circulating levels of insulin, hPP, and glucose. In contrast a decrease in the concentration of MLI was observed. An inverse correlation was found between MLI and glucose and between MLI and insulin. Thus, fasting is associated with large oscillations of motilin, the gut motility hormone, which are suppressed by feeding. The increase in glucose and/or insulin may be important in suppressing motilin secretion during feeding.
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PMID:Diurnal profile of plasma motilin concentrations during fasting and feeding in man. 390 10


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