Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This investigation has been carried out on 50 samples of fetal pancreata from the 10th to the 32nd week of gestation using the PAP technique. beta-Endorphin-reactive cells were morphometrically recorded by means of the point-counting method. beta-Endorphin reactivity occurred for the first time during the 15th week. During further development, beta-endorphin cells were found inside and outside the islets. From the 18th to 23rd week, these cells were primarily localized in the islet periphery. From the 24th week, they rearranged and occurred in irregular positions mixed with other islet cells. This rearrangement took place with a 4 week delay compared with the basic cell types of the islet organ. The extrainsular portion of these cells in the exocrine parenchyma varied between 0.3% in the 27th week and up to 10% in the 22nd week. Concerning the adult human pancreas, it has been suggested whether beta-endorphin cells may be a 6th basic cell type of the islet organ. Previous studies on the coexistence of somatostatin, glucagon and beta-endorphin in the same islet cell and the morphometric analysis would support this assumption. Biochemical examinations indicate that beta-endorphin is a modulator of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion in the islet organ. This is supported by the fact that beta-endorphin cells have extended cell bodies which is typical of cells with paracrine function.
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PMID:Beta-endorphin-immunoreactive cells in the human fetal pancreas. 128 44

9 surgically removed endocrine tumours of pancreas of female patients aged from 19 to 71 years were studied. The material was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, by Grimelius and Fontana--Masson; PAP method with polyclonal antibodies to insulin, glucagon and somatostatin was also used. Immunoreactivity was weaker in tumours with clinically pronounced hormonal activity as compared to the normal endocrine cells in the Langerhans islets. This is confirmed ultrastructurally: tumour cells contain comparatively low number of neuroendocrine granules. Functionally inactive tumours show the opposite immunohistochemical results. The multipotential properties of cells forming pancreatic endocrine tumours are discussed.
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PMID:[Combined ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of pancreatic endocrine tumors]. 167 95

Apudoma was found in the gall bladder removed in a 76-year-old woman because of the chronic calculous cholecystitis exacerbation. Carcinoid syndrome was absent clinically. Histologically, the tumour was a poorly differentiated carcinoid with areas of small cell and polymorphic carcinoma. Argyrophilic Pasquale reaction in the tumour cells was negative, electron microscopically small neurosecretory granules were found. Numerous ACTH-reactive cells and single serotonin-reactive cells were revealed in the tumour parenchyma by means of immunohistochemical PAP-method using antibodies against ACTH, serotonin, calcitonin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon, P-substance. Focal hyperplasia and intestinal metaplasia of epithelium with the increase of the number of argyrophilic, ACTH-reactive cells were observed outside the tumour.
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PMID:[A poorly differentiated apudoma of the gallbladder]. 170 8

The presence of C-peptide, proinsulin, insulin-A-chain, and glicentin in human fetal pancreatic cells by using the PAP-technique was investigated and the results obtained compared with the occurrence of insulin or glucagon immunoreactive cells. In pancreatic sections obtained from 10 weeks old human fetuses we could identify cells reacting with antibodies directed against C-peptide, proinsulin, and insulin-A-chain. The majority of the cells were found in the duct epithelium and their number increased from the 10th to 14th week forming clusters near the ducts. The number and localization of the cells correspond exactly to the insulin positive cells. The presence of proinsulin and insulin-A-chains is a further proof of biological activity already in an early step of fetal development. The presence of glicentin-positive cells in the 10th week of gestational age as well as cells reacting with glucagon antibodies provide evidence for active glucagon biosynthesis. The number of these cells increased markedly in the 14th week of gestational age.
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PMID:Detection of proinsulin, C-peptide, insulin-A-chain, and glicentin in pancreatic islet cells of early human fetogenesis. 180 14

It has been made by a number of studies that after hepatic resection, portal factors such as insulin and glucagon play an important role in liver regeneration. We have reported hypertrophy of Langerhans islands of dogs after partial hepatectomy. In the present study we attempted to clarify the mechanism of this hypertrophy. In a control group, a forty-percent hepatectomy was carried out. One and four weeks after surgery, 0.5g/kg of glucose was administered intravenously followed by a blood sampling from the portal vein to measure the changes of glucose, insulin and glucagon respectively. In addition area changes of the islets of Langerhans after the operation were measured with PAP technique. In a GI group, the same experiment as in the control group was done and 1mg of glucagon and 2IU/kg of insulin were administered every morning after the operation. The following results were obtained. In the GI group, there were no decrease in portal plasma insulin level and no enlargement of the sizes of the islets four weeks after surgery.
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PMID:[Histochemical changes of islet cells of Langerhans after hepatectomy and effect of glucagon and insulin]. 194 84

The endocrine pancreas of the grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus, was investigated by means of immunocytochemistry using the PAP method on the same section at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. Semithin plastic sections were stained individually with primary antibodies for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and then photographed. Sections were osmicated, re-embedded in BEEM capsules, and ultrathin sections made and examined. The same labelled cells as in the semithin sections were localised in the thin sections, photographs taken and the morphology of secretory granules studied. The insulin cells were pleomorphic; their secretory granules displayed an electron-dense core surrounded by an empty halo. The glucagon cells possessed granules with an electron-dense core usually surrounded by a halo of less dense granular material. Somatostatin cells had larger, less dense secretory granules. The PP cells showed small, dense secretory granules. In order for an ultrastructural study to be considered reliable for the definite identification of endocrine cell types, it is essential that it be corroborated by correlated immunocytochemical data at the light- and electron-microscopic levels.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical study of the endocrine pancreas in the grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus). 196 53

Morphology of pancreas (either esocrine, either endocrine) was studied in 29 cases of surgically treated chronic pancreatitis (27 cases of chronic calcifying pancreatitis and 2 cases of chronic obstructive pancreatitis). Parenchymal sclerosis in chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) which represents the goal of our study was graded as mild (10 cases), moderate (10) and severe (7). Immunoperoxidase staining (PAP method) for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polipeptide (PP), vasoactive intestinal polipeptide (VIP) and gastrin, was used to investigate endocrine pancreas. Acinar sclerosis and endocrine damage were closely related. Progression of sclerosis into islet appears to follow vascular pedicles producing a fragmentation into small cell groups as final result. In all cases of moderate or severe sclerosis, A/B cell ratio was increased due to the reduction of insulin positive cells. "Adenoma-like complexes", i.e., apparent concentration of islets, resulting from the loss of the acinar component, were observed in 7 cases with moderate or severe sclerosis. Nesidioblastosis was a prominent feature in all cases but one, with a positivity for insulin in 11 cases, for glucagon in 13, for somatostatin in 6 and for PP in 17. No positivity for gastrin was observed, while VIP was detected in a few ganglia. An increased amount of PP cells in islet and budding from the ducts was noticed and their presence outside the pancreatic head was demonstrable in 4 out of the 7 distal pancreatectomy specimens. Our data confirm the secondary involvement of the endocrine pancreas in the sclerotic acinar process.
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PMID:[Anatomopathologic pictures of chronic pancreatitis]. 209 39

Amyloid in pancreatic ganglia and nerves (ganglioneuronal amyloid) was demonstrated in 4 of 8 diabetic cats with islet amyloid deposits. Eighteen nondiabetic cats (including 4 with islet amyloid) did not have detectable amyloid in pancreatic nerves or ganglia. Ganglioneuronal amyloid had staining characteristics identical to those previously reported for islet amyloid, including 1) congophilia, 2) resistance to oxidation by KMnO4, 3) immunoreactivity (PAP technique) with antiserum to a B-chain-rich insulin fraction, and 4) no reactivity with antisera to insulin, glucagon, or somatostatin. Nonneuronal cells with insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin immunoreactivity were seen in many pancreatic ganglia and nerves; and in a few instances, B cells were found near ganglioneuronal amyloid deposits. The premise that these ganglioneuronal amyloid deposits (like islet amyloid) are insulin-related is supported by their immunoreactivity with antiserum to B-chain-rich insulin and the demonstration of B cells in pancreatic ganglia and nerves.
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PMID:Pancreatic ganglioneuronal amyloid. Occurrence in diabetic cats with islet amyloidosis. 240 5

The neuropeptides Substance P, beta-Endorphin, Prolactin, Cholecystokinin, and Glucagon were investigated by means of Sternbergers PAP technique in the neuroepithelium of the Maculae utriculi and sacculi of the labyrinth of newborn guinea pigs. This brief report will show the localization of some neuropeptides in the neuroepithelium of the Maculae utriculi and sacculi. We could not find information about similar studies on this topic in the literature. In connection with investigations of the sensory apparatus of the inner ear we have recently presented neuropeptides evidence for the presence of certain peptides in the Ggl. spirale and the hair cells of the organ of Corti. With this paper we continue to report on neuropeptides in the labyrinth of the juvenile guinea pig as revealed by immunohistochemistry (Nowak et al., in press).
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PMID:Neuropeptides in macula utriculi and macula sacculi of guinea pig labyrinth. An immunohistochemical study. 242 38

In this study, liver metastases from a patient with a pancreatic glucagonoma producing the syndrome have been investigated histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunocytochemically. A comparison has also been made between the metastases and the primary pancreatic tumor investigated in a parallel study. In the metastatic tissue, glucagon-, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-, and somatostatin-containing cells were found together with a majority of cells without any immunoreactivity. Glucagon-positive cells were much more numerous than PP- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells. As in the primary tumor, double immunogold staining of ultrathin sections demonstrated the co-existence of glucagon and PP immunoreactivities in most of the granulated cells, but PP immunolabeling was often faint, so that it probably could not be revealed by the PAP method in light microscopical sections. Such a finding, together with the histological and ultrastructural features, is consistent with an ontogenic and phylogenetic primitiveness of the metastatic cell population.
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PMID:A malignant tumor of the pancreas producing glucagonoma syndrome: immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure of liver metastases and comparison with the primary tumor. 254 78


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