Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To study the hormonal and metabolic effects of prostacyclin (PGI2), 6 healthy women were infused iv with PGI2 (1, 2, 4, and 8 ng/kg/min. each for 20 min) dissolved in glycine buffer, or with glycine buffer only. Serial blood samples collected before, during and after the infusion were assayed for FSH, LH, prolactin, growth hormone, thyrotrophin, oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, renin, aldosterone, glucose, insulin, glucagon, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, bilirubin, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, inorganic phosphorous, creatinine and uric acid. PGI2 infusions were accompanied by increased levels of prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol, probably due to the stressful side-effects during PGI2 infusion. In addition, plasma renin activity, glucagon and blood glucose increased, whereas the other variables measured did not change. These PGI2-effects should be kept in mind, when PGI2 is used in clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:Hormonal and metabolic effects of intravenous infusion of prostacyclin in healthy women. 675 11

The endocrine regulation of the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) and of the brush border enzyme alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) was studied in short (2 h) and long term (24 h) organ culture of rabbit ileum mucosa. In contrast to the hepatic enzyme, intestinal reductase is not subject to regulation by insulin or glucagon even at a pharmacological level. This applies to both 'total' and 'active' reductase, prepared in the absence or presence of sodium fluoride, respectively. During culture, there is a gradual, time-dependent increase in the active, dephosphorylated enzyme form. This endogenous activation was found to be unaffected by all hormones tested. Similarly, alkaline phosphatase was not influenced by both pancreatic hormones. In contrast, triamcinolone significantly (P less than 0.05) suppressed reductase in a dose-dependent fashion to 38% of controls after 24 h, but not after 2 h culture. Alkaline phosphatase was induced after both periods, but the effect was more marked after 24 h. A parallel minor stimulation of both enzyme activities was noted in the presence of 10(-9)M triiodothyronine (P less than 0.05), lower and very high (10(-5)M) concentrations were ineffective. In view of the role of glucocorticoids as intestinal growth inhibitors and of thyroid hormones as growth stimulators, it is suggested that changes in reductase reflect alterations of crypt membrane cholesterol synthesis, whereas the induction of alkaline phosphatase is mediated through an enhanced enterocyte regeneration and/or maturation.
 ...
PMID:Hormonal regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and alkaline phosphatase in cultured intestinal mucosa. 703 2

Hepatocytes, endothelial and Kupffer cells were isolated from young adult (3 month) and old (24 month) rat livers and the activities of some plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, lysosomal and soluble enzymes compared using biochemical and electron microscope cytochemical techniques. Age-associated changes included: a decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase activity both in hepatocytes and sinus lining cells; and increase in alkaline phosphatase in endothelial cells but a decrease in hepatocytes; reduced basal and glucagon-induced adenyl cyclase in hepatocytes and endothelial cells and an increase in the number of hepatocytes with gamma-glutamyl transferase reaction. Cytochemistry showed that heterogeneity may also be characteristic of senescence particularly with regard to hepatocyte glucose-6-phosphatase which was absent in some cells, low in many cells but high in some and gamma-glutamyl transferase which was normally lacking from hepatocytes but localised as large deposits of reaction product on the plasma membranes of occasional cells isolated from old donors.
 ...
PMID:Effects of age on rat liver enzymes. A study using isolated hepatocytes, endothelial and Kupffer cells. 706 Sep 52

Serum at 5 to 10% is required for maintenance of functional adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. One effect of the serum is to induce attachment and spreading of hepatocytes on plates as monolayers. Another role is to maintain cell viability for over 2 days. For the first effect, serum could be replaced completely by fibronectin (Fn). The effects of Fn on attachment and spreading of cells were dose-dependent and maximum at 10 micrograms/ml. Cells in serum-free medium on Fn-coated dishes showed similar activities of glycogenolysis and glycogenesis to cells cultured in medium containing 5% calf serum on untreated dishes in response to glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (bt2c AMP), isoproterenol and insulin. The increase in alkaline phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.1] activity and induction of tyrosine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.5] by dexamethasone (Dex) in cells under the two conditions were also similar. However, the inductions of tryptophan oxygenase [EC 1.13.11.11] by Dex, glucagon, and bt2cAMP were 4-7 times higher in cells cultured in serum-free medium. The inductions by Dex plus glucagon in the two types of cultures were inhibited similarly by insulin. In serum-free medium containing Dex and insulin in Fn-coated dishes, the cells survived as monolayers for about 50 h without detachment from the dishes, but for longer survival it was necessary to add 5% serum to the medium. A fraction with a molecular weight of over 50,000 from serum was separated by ultrafiltration and this fraction showed a similar effect to serum in increasing survival. A similar factor, but with about 70 times higher specific activity, was found in an extract of bovine pituitary gland.
 ...
PMID:Role of serum in maintenance of functional hepatocytes in primary culture. 716 Dec 70

Duodenal ulcer patients with normal (n = 36) or increased (n = 24) gastric acid production during maximal pentagastrin stimulation, were examined preoperatively and at different intervals (up to 1 year) after highly selective vagotomy (HSV). Fasting levels of gastrin, parathormone, calcitonin, proteins, calcium and magnesium fractions, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined in serum, those of glucagon in plasma. Both types of patients have the same gastrin levels preoperatively (approx. 36 pg-equiv./ml). Magnesium and alkaline phosphatase are significantly higher in patients with a normal secretory response than in those with hypersecretion. The postoperative gastrin increase is significantly higher in the former than in the latter, while postoperative glucagon levels drop in both groups. The analysis of calcium fractions and the dissociation constant did not show any HSV-mediated change in calcium metabolism. The magnesium levels, however, are lower one year after the operation than in the pre-operative period in patients with normosecretion. In this group parathormone and calcitonin remain unchanged while in patients with a hypersecretory response a slight (parathormone) or moderate (calcitonin) tendency towards low values can be recognized in the post-operative period. We conclude that the duodenal ulcer patients probably belong to groups with different pathophysiological behaviour which do not have identical reactions to HSV. Imbalances in the metabolism of minerals and that of related hormones could not be demonstrated up to one year after HSV.
 ...
PMID:Gastrinemia, serum minerals and calciotropic hormones following highly selective vagotomy in duodenal ulcer patients. Results of a 1-year study. 721 25

Blood samples were taken before and immediately after 80 km and 40 km rides held on consecutive days and analysed for haematocrit, blood glucose and lactate, plasma sodium, potassium, calcium, albumin, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, bicarbonate, insulin, cortisol, glucagon, urea, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Unusually hot weather probably contributed to haemoconcentration with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in haematocrit and plasma albumin. A fall in blood glucose, with a rise in FFA and glycerol were consistent with long distance riding and were associated with a reduction in plasma insulin and a rise in cortisol and glucagon. The results suggested that the horses were working aerobically and the small increase in blood lactate was likely to be a result of reduced tissue perfusion. Plasma urea, creatinine and bilirubin increased during the 80 km ride and were still high the next morning. Blood samples were taken from 2 horses that became exhausted and were forced to retire and the results from these animals indicate the slow rate of recovery. It is suggested that haemoconcentration with reduced tissue perfusion might contribute to exhaustion during long distance exercise and that the speed of recovery might be improved by the intravenous administration of balanced electrolyte solutions.
 ...
PMID:Further studies on the metabolic effects of long distance riding: Golden Horseshoe Ride 1979. 743 43

Blood samples were taken before and after a cross country race over the marathon distance of 42 km. There was a rise in blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids and glycerol associated with a rise in plasma cortisol and glucagon but the fall in insulin was not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma potassium and albumin concentrations increased, calcium decreased and there was no change in sodium or bicarbonate concentrations. There was an increase in plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin and isocitrate dehydrogenase but no change in alkaline phosphatase. There was a rise in plasma creatine kinase. These results of a competitive race are compared with those of the 80 km non-competitive Golden Horseshoe Ride.
 ...
PMID:A biochemical study of the Arab Horse Society's marathon race. 746 99

An immobilized hepatocyte preparation was used to show that both vasopressin and glucagon could desensitize the ability of glucagon to increase intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations. This process was not dependent on any influx of extracellular Ca2+ and was not mediated by any rise in the intracellular level of Ca2+. The protein kinase C-selective inhibitors chelerythrine, staurosporine and calphostin C acted as potent inhibitors of the desensitization process but with various degrees of selectivity regarding their ability to inhibit the desensitizing actions of glucagon and vasopressin. The protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid was just as potent as vasopressin and glucagon in causing desensitization. Treatment of hepatocyte membranes with alkaline phosphatase restored to near control levels the ability of glucagon to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in membranes from both glucagon- and vasopressin-treated (desensitized) hepatocytes. It is suggested that the desensitization of glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity involves a reversible phosphorylation reaction with the likely target being the glucagon receptor itself.
 ...
PMID:A role for protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation in eliciting glucagon desensitization in rat hepatocytes. 753 13

Endocrine abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure are well documented. The present study aimed to assess the influence of long-term erythropoietin (EPO) therapy on endocrine abnormalities in hemodialyzed patients. Two groups of hemodialyzed patients, each of which comprised 17 subjects, were examined. The first group was treated by EPO (EPO group) while the second one did not receive this hormone (No-EPO group). A complete biochemical and hormonal check-up was performed before and at the 3, 6, 9, and 12 month points of the study period. Normal values for the estimated parameters were obtained in appropriately selected sex- and age-matched healthy subjects. After EPO therapy, an increase of the hematocrit value from 21.8 +/- 0.9 to 32.6 +/- 0.9% was observed, which was accompanied by a significant decline of plasma ferritin and saturation of transferrin. In patients of the No-EPO group, a significant although less marked rise of the hematocrit value (21.4 +/- 0.4 to 24.2 +/- 0.6%) was also noticed. EPO therapy did not change plasma levels of electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, inorganic phosphate), osteocalcin, creatinine, glucose, and alkaline phosphatase as well as plasma concentrations of calcium-related hormones (PTH, calcitonin, 1,25[OH]2D3), vasopressin, and triiodothyronine. EPO treatment induced a significant decrease in somatotropin, prolactin, follitropin, lutropin, ACTH, cortisol, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastrin plasma levels and an increase in plasma insulin, estradiol, testosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, thyrotropin, and thyroxine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Function of endocrine organs in hemodialyzed patients of long-term erythropoietin therapy. 762 22

Two dogs with metabolic epidermal necrosis had hyperkeratosis of the footpads accompanied by erythematous, erosive and crusting lesions affecting the muzzle, external genitalia, perineum and periocular regions. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies revealed a superficial hydropic dermatitis with marked parakeratosis. Both dogs had high plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase and high concentrations of glucose, and also a marked hypoaminoacidaemia. Despite these similarities, the cutaneous eruptions were associated with different underlying diseases. One dog had a pancreatic carcinoma which had metastasised widely; the primary tumour and the metastases showed glucagon immunoreactivity on immunocytochemical staining, and the dog's plasma glucagon concentration was markedly greater than that of control dogs. The other dog had diffuse hepatic disease; its plasma glucagon concentration was similar to that of control samples and cirrhosis was identified post mortem. Metabolic epidermal necrosis in dogs is a distinct cutaneous reaction pattern which may be associated with different underlying systemic diseases; however, the pathogenesis of the skin lesions remains unclear.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic epidermal necrosis in two dogs with different underlying diseases. 763 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>