Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic fetal hyperinsulinemia, similar to that found in human infants of diabetic mothers, was produced in fetal rhesus monkeys during the latter third of gestation. Fetal plasma glucose and amino acid concentrations were found to be inversely logarithmically correlated with plasma insulin concentration. Fetal plasma glucagon concentrations were suppressed by hyperinsulinemia. Fetal plasma erythropoietin concentrations were increased by hyperinsulinemia in a dose/response manner. The activity of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and total phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were reduced by hyperinsulinemia. Fatty acid synthase complex activity was, in contrast, increased by hyperinsulinemia while citrate cleavage enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were only increased when supraphysiologic hyperinsulinemia was produced. This model provides an opportunity to study the metabolic effects of hyperinsulinemia separate from those of hyperglycemia on the primate fetus, making it a useful model for the study of fetal pathologic conditions in diabetic pregnancies.
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PMID:Chronic hyperinsulinemia in the fetal rhesus monkey: effects of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on fetal substrates, hormones, and hepatic enzymes. 638 23

(--)-Hydroxycitrate is a well-known inhibitor of the citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8). In isolated hepatocytes it inhibits fatty acid synthesis from glucose, but it does not affect fatty acid synthesis from acetate. In its presence, insulin stimulates and glucagon inhibits incorporation of labelled acetate into fatty acids. This is evidence that both hormones directly influence fatty acid synthesis from acetate.
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PMID:Effects of insulin and glucagon on fatty acid synthesis from acetate by hepatocytes incubated with (--)-hydroxycitrate. 675 11

The effects of tumor growth on lipid metabolism were investigated by evaluating serum lipids, lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA), the lipogenic enzymes, urinary catecholamines along with serum insulin and glucagon levels. We injected 1.5 X 10(6) cells of rat mammary tumor, AC33, and killed the rats on the 18th day. Serum triglycerides and free fatty acids of the tumor-bearing (TB) rats increased 4 and 5 times, respectively, more than the control (C) rats. Total liver lipids were not significantly different between the two groups. Tumor growth produced a 70% decrease in total epididymal fat pad LPLA; there were no changes in soleus muscle LPLA. Serum insulin levels of the TB rats were 49% less than the C rats. The TB rats had significantly lighter epididymal fat pads and lower activities of adipose fatty acid synthetase and citrate cleavage enzyme. Urinary catecholamines of the TB rats were reduced over 30% compared with the C rats. These results show that the hypertriglyceridemia of the TB rats may be due, in part, to a deficiency of adipose tissue LPLA. The data also suggest that the effects of the tumor on lipid metabolism may be mediated through insulin.
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PMID:Changes in the activities of lipoprotein lipase and the lipogenic enzymes in tumor-bearing rats. 698 80