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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effects of two dosage levels of glucagon infusion on systemic hemodynamic and regional blood flow measurements during experimental cardiogenic shock in monkeys. Cardiogenic shock was induced in monkeys by embolization of coronary arteries with glass microspheres. Glucagon 1 microgram/kg/min was infused in five monkeys and five remaining monkeys received glucagon infusion at 10 micrograms/kg/min. Radioactive microsphere technique was used to measure regional blood flows. During cardiogenic shock, there were significant decreases in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and rate of rise of left ventricular pressure and significant increases in total peripheral resistance. Blood flows to the heart, brain, kidney and splanchnic bed were markedly reduced. Neither dosage level of glucagon produced any significant improvement in systemic hemodynamic or regional blood flow values. Glucagon produced only nonsignificant increases in splanchnic blood flow during cardiogenic shock. These findings suggest that glucagon infusions in dosages of 1 microgram/kg/min and 10 micrograms/kg/min do not improve systemic or regional hemodynamic status in severe cardiogenic shock.
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PMID:Effects of glucagon on regional blood flow during cardiogenic shock. 11 86

1. Frog liver has enzymatic systems able to interconvert glycogen synthase. 2. D to I conversion is achieved in vitro by incubation at 30 degrees C. ATP, ADP, inorganic phosphate and glycogen are inhibitors of this conversion, whereas glucose-6-P and Mg2+ stimulate it. 3. I to D conversion in vitro depends on ATP-Mg2+. Cyclic-AMP activates this conversion, while glucose-6-P inhibits it. 4. Injection of glucose, ribose, mannose, fructose, galactose, and cortisone into frogs increase liver percentage of I activity. 5. Glucagon and adrenaline decrease percentage of I activity.
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PMID:Frog liver glycogen synthase. In vitro and in vivo interconversions between I and D forms. 12 65

The effects of glucagon in concentrations of 0.294 times 10(-6) mol/l, 1.47 times 10(-6) mol/l; 2.94 times 10(-6) mol/l, 5.8 times 10(-6) mol/l, and 1.47 times 10(-5) mol/l on the simultaneously recorded action potentials and contractions; and microsomal and sarcolemmal Na+-tk+-atpase in the myocardium of the guinea pig, rabbit, dog, and pig were investigated. Glucagon in all the concentrations produced an inhibition of the Na+-K+-ATPase associated with an increase in the contractility and shortening of the duration of action potential in dog myocardium. The increase in contraction was concentration-dependent up to a certain concentration. Inhibition of sarcolemmal ATPase was more than that of microsomal ATPase. In none of the concentrations did glucagon produce any significant changes in the Na+-K+-ATPase. In none of the concentrations did glucagon produce any significant changes in the Na+-K+-ATPase, contractility, and action potential duration in the myocardium of guinea pig, rabbit, or pig. These results suggest that glucagon-induced positive inotropic effect might be due to an increase in the Ca++ influx as a result of inhibition of membrane Na+-K+-ATPase. Shortening of the action potential duration might also be due to an increased efflux of potassium as a result of an inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase.
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PMID:Glucagon-induced changes in the action potential, contraction, and Na+-K+-ATPase of cardiac muscle. 12 13

Concanavalin A inhibits the (Na+-K+)-ATPase activity of isolated rat-liver plasma membranes, while leaving the Mg2+-ATPase unaffected. Glucagon and cyclic AMP act supplementary to the lectin in the inhibition. The lectin effect is counteracted by insulin and L-epinephrine, and is completely abolished by the beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol. Results are discussed on the basis of the known interactions of concanavalin A with plasma membrane components, including its hormone-like action.
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PMID:Studies on plasma membranes. XXIII. Hormone-like action of concanavalin A on liver plasma membranes: inhibition of (Na+-K+)ATPase. 12 72

Insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-containing cells were evaluated by morphometry in sections of pancreas treated for immunofluorescence. Glucagon- and somatostatin-containing cells were found to be increased in islets of streptozotocin-diabetic rats as compared to control islets.
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PMID:[Activity of somatostatin-containing cells of the Ilets of Langerhans in experimental diabetes]. 13 Sep 91

Angiography before and after the administration of Glucagon was performed in 33 adult patients with symptoms suggesting a pancreatic lesion. Preferently the pancreatographic effect was evaluated. The results were compared with those of the angiography following the administration of Secretin and Tolazoline. The pancreatographic effect was visualized in 70% of the patients examined with Glucagon and the rate of visualization of the effect with Secretin and Tolazoline was 60% and 74.5% respectively. The representation of the small vessels could be enhanced with Glugacon only in 15% for the arteries and in 12.5% for the veins, whereas using Secretin and Tolazoline the improvement raised up to 78% of the cases. -- The pancreatographic effect as an additional sign is useful in the differential diagnosis of the chronic pancreatitis (mottled) and the carcinoma of the pancreas (defect or absence of the effect).-- The superselective technique is recommendable. Using this method an improvement of the pancreatographic effect can be achieved already. In pharmacoangiography Tolazoline gives better results than Glucagon.
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PMID:[The pancreatographic effect during pharmacoangiography of the pancreas following the administration of glucagon (author's transl)]. 13 54

In more than 1,000 radiological and endoscopic examinations of the smooth muscle hollow organs of the upper intestinal tract, crysalline glucagon (0.2 to 0.5 mg., average dose 1 u/kg. body weight given at a single intravenous injection) resulted in a significant relaxation and reduction of peristalsis. This effect was less marked in the colon and recto-sigmoid. In five patients with colonic diverticulosis it had no effect. In 150 patients it was found that the onset of hypotonia after injection of glucagon increases from proximal to distal, the duration of maximal reduction in peristalsis decreasing distally. Glucagon is indicated for reducing the tone of smooth muscle hollow organs in order to judge their elasticity and to distinguish between functional and organic causes of a stenosis or increased size of folds. The rapid onset of peristaltic inhibition makes various diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures simpler or even possible. Compared with the usual atropin-like antispasmodics, glucagon has the advantage of being free from side effects apart from transient hyperglycaemia. Diabetes mellitus requiring insulin is a (relative) contra-indication to the use of glucagon.
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PMID:[The use glucagon for endoscopic and radiological examination of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. 13 38

The intraportal injection of 350 to 1,000 isolated islets into streptozotocin-diabetic rats immediately normalized (approximately 24 hours) fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels. Polyuria, polydipsia, and hyperglucagonemia disappeared more gradually over a 2-to-12-week period--the time required for normalization varying with the severity of the diabetes and the number of islets transplanted. In long-term islet-transplanted rats (greater than five months), the hepatic insulin and glucagon reserves averaged 50 per cent and 25 per cent, respectively, of the corresponding normal pancreatic hormone content. Glucagon was increased slightly in the pancreas of streptozotocin-diabetic rats and decreased considerably in transplanted animals. However, total pancreatic glucagon (i.e. pancreatic and hepatic reserves) in transplanted animals was the same as the pancreatic content of normal control rats, indicating the presence of feedback control mechanism(s) in the regulation of pancreatic glucagon reserves. Long-term transplanted islets demonstrated well-granulated A-, B-, and D-cell movement out of the vascular space and the formation of narrow intercellular spaces and junctional complexes with surrounding hepatocytes.
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PMID:Metabolic and morphologic studies in intraportal-islet-transplanted rats. 13 76

Both sodium 6(+) and D(-) lactate stimulate insulin secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas; however the insulin secretory effect of the L(+) form is much superior to that of the D(-) form. Glucagon secretion is not modified by the two isomers.
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PMID:[Comparative study of the insulin-secreting effects of L (+) and of D (-) sodium lactate]. 13 49

ATP stimulates glucagon and insulin secretions from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. This effect is modulated by glucose. Glucagon secretion is stimulated by ATP only in the absence or in the presence of a low glucose concentration (0.5 g/1). As to insulin secretion, it is strongly stimulated only in the presence of a glucose concentration of 1.5 g/1.
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PMID:[Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glucose. Action on insulin and glucagon secretion]. 13 51


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