Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sex and the endocrine system exert a significant influence on the physiology and pathophysiology of the lacrimal gland. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the nature and magnitude of these interactions between sex, hormones and lacrimal tissue, and to address how they may relate to the pathogenesis of aqueous-deficient dry eye. Towards this end, this article has a 3-fold approach: first, to summarize the influence of androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, retinoic acid, prolactin, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, thyroxine, parathyroid hormone, insulin, glucagon, melatonin, human chorionic gonadotropin and cholecystokinin on the structure and function of the lacrimal gland; second, to discuss the mechanism of action of each hormone on lacrimal tissue; and third, to discuss the clinical relevance of the endocrine-lacrimal gland interrelationship, with a particular focus on each hormone's role (i.e. if relevant) in the development of aqueous-tear deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Tearful relationships? Sex, hormones, the lacrimal gland, and aqueous-deficient dry eye. 1721 82

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a 27- or 38-amino acid neuropeptide, which belongs to the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/glucagon/secretin family of peptides. PACAP and its three receptor subtypes are expressed in neural tissues and in the eye, including the retina, cornea, and lacrimal gland. PACAP is known to exert pleiotropic effects on the central nervous system and in eye tissues where it plays important roles in protecting against dry eye. This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding dry eye symptoms in aged animals and humans and the protective effects, mechanisms of action. In addition, we also refer to the development of a new preventive/therapeutic method by PACAP of dry eye patients.
 ...
PMID:Effects of PACAP on Dry Eye Symptoms, and Possible Use for Therapeutic Application. 2993 3