Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to investigate the mechanisms of the hyperammonemia previously described in protein deprivation, the effects of sucrose and fasting on the ammonia metabolism were studied in control, streptozotocine-induced diabetics and colectomized rats. Hyperammonemia, hyperglutaminemia, hypouremia and intolerance to an ammonium load were observed in the control group after a 5 days sucrose-feeding. Any of these abnormalities were found in the diabetic animals whereas hyperglutaminemia did not occur in colectomized animals. It is concluded that protein deprivation obtained by sucrose feeding involves an hyperammonemia by a reduction of ureogenesis (which seemed to be related to an elevation of the ratio insulin/glucagon) and an hyperglutamininemia of colic origin.
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PMID:[Effect of protein deprivation on ammonia metabolism in the rat]. 15 10

Intravenous glucagon and diuresis caused by diagnostic doses of sodium diatrizoate were used to treat 5 patients with ureteral colic and urographic findings consistent with partial obstruction by a ureteral calculus. Pain was relieved and the calculus passed within two hours in 4 patients and within eight hours in the fifth. No complications were noted.
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PMID:Glucagon and diuresis in the treatment of ureteral calculi. 72 63

Experimentally, glucagon is an effective ureteral relaxant that induces a moderate diuresis. Our data suggest that in specified cases of ureteral colic, before the development of a ureteral bar, flaccid dilatation of the pelvis and renal shutdown, glucagon may facilitate the expulsion of small ureteral calculi. When the ureteral pain is due to hyperperistalsis the drug has promise in the alleviation of pain. The complexities of the pathophysiology of ureteral colic in an experimental model support the treatment of ureteral edema in colic with anti-inflammatory drugs but suggest certain precautions in the design of any investigation of drug therapy for colic, lest a good drug be found ineffective for the wrong reason-that it was used in an impossible situation.
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PMID:Glucagon, ureteral colic and ureteral peristalsis. 75 18

Use of intravenous glucagon should be considered in all patients with urinary calculi who fail to respond to narcotic analgesia and hydration. The lack of adverse side effects and the potential to reduce the morbidity associated with surgical intervention make glucagon a valuable adjunct in medical management of ureteral colic.
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PMID:Glucagon in the acute management of ureteral colic. 323 56

In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 18 patients were evaluated in regard to the effectiveness of glucagon to treat ureteral colic following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The study groups were comparable. There was no significant difference between glucagon and placebo in relief of pain or in the amount of gravel passed within 48 hours of treatment. We conclude that despite its desirable physiological attributes, glucagon has no demonstrable benefit in the treatment of ureteral colic following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
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PMID:Efficacy of glucagon in the relief of ureteral colic following treatment by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a randomized double-blind trial. 329 99

In ten patients, who underwent ESWL of renal calculi and had severe ureteral colic due to acute obturation of the ureteral lumen by larger stone fragments, i.v. glucagon injections combined with laevulose infusion were applied. All patients reported relief of pain and discomfort within 15-20 minutes after glucagon injection. Position of the stones in the ureter was regularly checked. No particular adverse effects of glucagon were noted. Glucagon increases GFR and diuresis and exhibits spasmolytic effect on the smooth muscle of the ureteral wall, thus facilitating the passage of stone fragments after ESWL. In certain cases and with certain indications we recommend the method as highly effective.
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PMID:A new method for the management of ureteral colic after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. 340 92

Glucagon may act as a relaxant of smooth muscle and it has been suggested that this action may assist in the passage of ureteric calculi and diminish ureteric colic. These effects may be of clinical use to avoid inpatient admission to hospital for the symptomatic relief of ureteric colic. Ten successive patients with acute ureteric colic were given 1 mg of glucagon and two litres of fluid administered by the intravenous route and analgesia as required over three hours. Progress was monitored radiologically and clinically. In no case did significant progression or passage of stones occur and seven patients required parenteral analgesia. We conclude that glucagon is not effective for the management of ureteric colic in a casualty department.
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PMID:Glucagon and ureteric calculi. 394 1

The effect of glucagon administered as a bolus (1 mg) followed by a continuous infusion (2 mg/h) for 8 h and a placebo was compared in 37 adults with urographically demonstrated ureteral calculi less than 6 mm. The bolus injection was given 20 min after start of intravenous urography, and the infusion was initiated immediately afterwards. No effect on pain relief or passage of calculi was found. Nausea and/or vomiting were recorded significantly more frequently in patients who had glucagon than in patients who had the placebo. It is concluded that glucagon is of no value in acute ureteral colic.
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PMID:Glucagon in acute ureteral colic. A randomized trial. 394 97

Ureteric peristalsis has been studied using extraluminal bipolar electrodes and metal foil strain gauges in both the unanaesthetized and anaesthetized dog. Electrical activity of the ureter was characterized by bipolar action potentials, which always preceded mechanical activity. In the acute studies glucagon 44 micrograms/kg i.v. was given during the unstimulated phase and again during a forced diuresis. Complete inhibition of ureteric activity was seen for 19 . 50 (+/- 3 . 76 s.e.) and 16 . 25 (+/- 1 . 59 s.e.) min respectively. During this period there was no change in the rate of urine flow. In the conscious dog glucagon was given as a bolus of 22 micrograms/kg followed by an infusion for 45 min. An infusion of 88 micrograms/kg h produced complete inhibition for 39 . 2 (+/- 2 . 41 s.e.) min. Propantheline, hyoscine, morphine, pethidine and buprenorphine were given in equivalent therapeutic human doses, but no consistent effect on ureteric peristalsis was seen. Glucagon may have a role to play in the management of ureteric colic.
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PMID:The action of glucagon and commonly used antispasmodics and analgesics on the canine ureter. 613 Aug 14

Glucagon is an important therapeutic agent in critical care medicine. Although its endogenous hormonal functions have been well described, its clinical uses are rarely discussed. Glucagon is effective in the treatment of hypoglycemia, cardiogenic shock and heart failure, propranolol overdose, esophageal meat impaction, ureteral colic due to calculi, and acute diverticulitis. It may prove useful in the treatment of endotoxin and hypovolemic shock as well as toxicity due to excesses of procainamide, quinidine, or ouabain.
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PMID:Glucagon: hormone or therapeutic agent? 637 66


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