Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our understanding of the regulation of appetite and energy balance has advanced significantly over the past decade as several peptides, centrally or peripherally expressed, have been characterized and shown to profoundly influence food intake and energy expenditure. (1)The growing number of putative appetite-regulating neuropeptides includes peptides that are orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) signals and anorectic peptides. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), orexins A and B, galanin, and agouti -related peptide (AgRP) all act to stimulate feeding while alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), cholecystokinin (CCK), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), neurotensin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP 1), and bombesin have anorectic actions.(1) Leptin, expressed in the periphery in white adipose tissue, acts in the CNS to modulate the expression of several of these hypothalamic peptides.(1) This creates a functional link between the adipose tissue and the brain that translates the information on body fat provided by leptin to input into energy balance regulating processes. In the current review we examine the significant role of the melanocortin system (alphaMSH, agouti and AgRP peptides, and their receptors and mahogany protein) and melanin concentrating hormone in the regulation of energy balance.
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PMID:Two important systems in energy homeostasis: melanocortins and melanin-concentrating hormone. 1065 11

Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4, which catalizes the degradation of the insulinotropic incretin glucagon-like-peptide (GLP)-1, and the DPP-4 like enzyme attractin are involved in activation of T-lymphocytes and monocytes. Recently, it has been demonstrated, that the risk for certain infections is increased in type 2 diabetic patients under DPP-4 inhibitor treatment. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of DPP-4 and attractin in circulating blood monocytes of obese and type 2 diabetic subjects. Monocytes were isolated by CD14-antibody based magnetic cell sorting from blood samples of 17 lean controls, 20 obese, non-diabetic subjects and 19 obese patients with type 2 diabetes. FACS analysis was performed to test purity of the cell preparations. Expression was measured by multiplex RT-PCR on RNA-level. DPP-4 and attractin were detectable in human circulating monocytes with attractin being expressed at higher levels compared to DPP-4. Both enzymes were significantly higher expressed in circulating blood monocytes of obese subjects compared to lean controls. In contrast, type 2 diabetes did not significantly affect expression levels. Finally, neither DPP-4 nor attractin expression was altered by sitagliptin or insulin treatment. In conclusion, our data demonstrate, that expressions of DPP-4 and attractin in circulating blood monocytes of human subjects are influenced by metabolic abnormalities with obesity being an important factor.
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PMID:Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 and attractin expression is increased in circulating blood monocytes of obese human subjects. 2019 59