Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Side effects of octreotide may be local, biochemical, gastroenterological, or endocrinological. Local pain at the injection site occurs frequently, but rarely lasts more than 15 minutes and often resolves with continued therapy and may be improved if the vial is warmed prior to injection. No long-term hematological or biochemical abnormalities have been described. Despite initial diarrhea in some patients, no change in circulating fat-soluble vitamins has been consistently reported. Antibodies to octreotide have been described, but are rare. Abdominal pain or diarrhea can occur at the beginning of therapy. These symptoms rarely persist and are minimal if the injections are timed between meals, but this may increase the incidence of gallstones. Gallstones occur with increased frequency. Gastritis has been described as being an invariable consequence of long-term treatment with octreotide. We have found the incidence to be increased in patients on octreotide, but this is not invariable. Hypoglycemia may be exacerbated in some patients with insulinoma because of glucagon suppression. Small numbers of patients on octreotide for acromegaly have developed hypoglycemic. Conversely, carbohydrate tolerance may temporarily worsen because of insulin suppression and rarely oral hypoglycemia drug therapy may become necessary. Most frequently, carbohydrate tolerance does not deteriorate. In some patients with acromegaly, pituitary tumor size may continue to increase despite continued therapy. Last, there is the theoretical risk of addiction to a compound which may act through opiate receptors and considerably alleviates headache in some patients with pituitary tumor. Overall, despite the multiplicity of theoretical side effects, the majority of patients tolerate octreotide well, with no serious untoward effects.
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PMID:Proceedings of the discussion, "Tolerability and safety of Sandostatin". 151 39

In 1966, during cholecystectomy for cholecystolithiasis, a 56-year-old man was found to have islet-cell carcinoma metastatic to the liver; his fasting serum glucose level was normal. In 1971, he developed peptic ulcer disease and symptoms of fasting hypoglycemia; inappropriate secretion of insulin was shown. His primary pancreatic tumor was removed in 1973. During the next 9 years, his liver metastases continued to grow and his fasting serum glucose level was maintained at 35 to 116 mg/dL with diazoxide and hydrochlorothiazide therapy. In 1982, he developed clinical evidence of the glucagonoma syndrome, with glucagon levels between 4000 and 11 000 pg/mL. Since then, his fasting serum glucose level has been maintained at 58 to 119 mg/dL without medication. This patient has survived 17 years with a malignant insulinoma and without islet-cell chemotherapy. His course shows that malignant insulinomas may secrete other peptide hormones that can induce various clinical syndromes.
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PMID:Metastatic insulinoma with long survival and glucagonoma syndrome. 631 34

Gross and histological examination of the autopsy cases in the aged revealed that: 1. Acute interstitial pancreatitis, which was characterized by rupture of the ducts and ductules associated with profuse intraluminal exudation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and protein plugs formation, was found in nine cases (0.62%) out of 1457 autopsies. There was scarce parenchymal or fat necrosis which might be caused by impaired secretion by atrophic parenchyma. The interstitial type may represent characteristics of acute pancreatitis in the aged. 2. Pancreatic lithiasis was found in six of 85 cases, or 7.1%. 3. Sites of isolated islets of Langerhans were found in an incidence of 26.5% (53/200), which increased with age. 4. Incidence of endocrine tumors was 10% (6/60) in individuals having histological studies of all sections and 1.6% (12/738) in individuals having histological studies of three random sections of the pancreas. The facts that multiple hormone production was found in as much as 70% and glucagon cells in as much as 85% were characteristics. 5. The atypical epithelia were observed with the highest incidence in the common pancreaticobiliary channel of the papilla of Vater, where carcinoma may arise most frequently. 6. The incidence of cystic lesions increased with age. Small cystic lesions appear to have the potential to progress to malignancy. 7. it may be possible to remove the head of the pancreas while preserving of the vascular arcades and their branches to the duodenum, the bile duct and the papilla of Vater. The artery toward the papilla of Vater is very important for the blood supply of both the papilla and second portion of the duodenum, and should be preserved in duodenum-preserving subtotal resection of the head of the pancreas. Gallbladder carcinoma was found in 94 cases, or 2.1% and gallbladder stone was found in 957 cases, or 21.4% among 4482 cases. Incidence of gallbladder carcinoma was six times higher in the cases with cholecystolithiasis than those without stone.
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PMID:[Diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas in the aged--results obtained by investigation of the autopsy cases]. 1119 58

Octreotide is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically. It is a potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon and insulin, which is used for treatment of acromegaly, symptomatic treatment of carsinoid tumours, and vasoactive intestinal peptide secreting tumors. It is also used for chylothorax, chemotherapy induced diarrhea and, as it inhibits the exocrine production of pancreatic enzymes, for acute and chronic pancreatitis. Gallbladder stones, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia, headache, and abdominal discomfort are some of the common adverse effects of octreotide and it may rarely cause anaphylaxis. We present here a child who had chronic pancreatitis and had an anaphylactic reaction to octreotide. To our knowledge this is the first pediatric case of anaphylaxis with octreotide who was successfully desensitized.
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PMID:A pediatric case of anaphylaxis due to octreotide. 2229 17