Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The metabolic effects of dopamine have been investigated by its infusion in normal man with and without simultaneous somatostatin administration. Dopamine was infused into overnight fasted men at 1.5 microgram/kg/min (n = 6) and 3.0 micrograms/kg/min (n = 5) for 120 min. Plasma dopamine concentrations at 120 min were 78 +/- 9 nmol/l and 117 +/- 17 nmol/l respectively, associated with a marginal rise in plasma noradrenaline. Dopamine (1.5 microgram/kg/min) induced an early and sustained rise in plasma glucagon (48 +/- 9 pg/ml versus 19 +/- 6 pg/ml in saline controls at 10 min, p less than 0.01) and a transient elevation in serum growth hormone which peaked to 17.7 (range 4.5-71.8) mU/l at 60 min (7.2 (range 0.6-37.7) mU/l with saline, p less than 0.05) but did not alter serum insulin, blood glucose or other metabolite levels. At 3.0 micrograms/kg/min, dopamine in addition provoked mild and transient elevations in blood glucose and serum insulin. Somatostatin (250 micrograms/h) suppressed circulating insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone levels and abolished the small hyperglycaemic effect seen with the higher dopamine dose. Somatostatin alone induced a progressive rise in circulating non-esterified fatty acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels reflecting insulin deficiency. This rise in NEFA and 3-hydroxybutyrate was increased by dopamine particularly at the higher dosage (plasma NEFA; somatostatin alone, 1.08 +/- 0.13 mmol/l; somatostatin plus dopamine 3 micrograms/kg/min, 1.44 +/- 0.17 mmol/l at 120 min, p less than 0.01: blood 3-hydroxybutyrate; somatostatin alone, 0.32 +/- 0.04 mmol/l; somatostatin plus dopamine 3 micrograms/kg/min, 0.56 +/- 0.12 mmol/l at 120 min, p less than 0.05). Thus: 1) dopamine at pharmacological dosage has minor effects when other endocrine mechanisms are intact, 2) it enhances lipolysis and ketogenesis during somatostatin-induced insulin deficiency; 3) the hyperglycaemia effect of the higher dopamine dose is probably mediated through stimulated glucagon secretion.
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PMID:The metabolic effects of dopamine in man. 614 68

The metabolic and hormonal response to moderately severe exercise 2 h after breakfast was assessed in 8 insulin-dependent diabetics during conventional insulin injection therapy and after 3 weeks of continuous sc insulin infusion. Blood glucose fell from 12.1 to 4.4 mmol/l on injection therapy; this was accompanied by a significant rise (P less than 0.05) in free insulin to 57 mU/l. On infusion therapy plasma glucose fell and stabilised at 3.6 mmol/l from pre-exercise levels of 7.1 mmol/l, while free insulin level was unchanged at the end of the exercise period (31 mU/l). The fall in blood glucose on injection therapy was accompanied by an exaggerated growth hormone response to exercise that was normalised by 3 weeks of infusion therapy. Basal and post-prandial levels of intermediary metabolites, catecholamines and glucagon were comparable on the two insulin regimens. Responses during exercise were generally similar and no different from those of normal subjects, with the exception of plasma NEFA levels which became abnormally suppressed. Good metabolic control of diabetes is thus accompanied by nearly normal hormonal and metabolic response to moderately severe exercise.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of physical exercise in insulin-dependent diabetics controlled by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or conventional injection therapy. 637 48

The short-term effect of the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS) Biostator on metabolic and hormonal responses was studied in 10 non-obese subjects with glucose intolerance and insulin low response to glucose. Glucose tolerance characterized by means of a 2 h glucose infusion test (12 mg/kg/min) primed by i.v. injection of 0.33 g glucose/kg body weight was completely normalized by GCIIS. Results provide further support that normalization of glucose tolerance by means of GCIIS is accompanied by peripheral hyperinsulinaemia if compared with 33 non-obese healthy controls. Glucose-induced endogenous insulin secretion (C-peptide) was significantly reduced during the GCIIS study possibly due to inhibition of insulin secretion by exogenous insulin and/or by lower blood glucose concentration after normalization of glucose tolerance. Acute normalization of glucose tolerance in these patients failed to alter pancreatic glucagon, NEFA and glycerol responses but normalized paradoxical growth hormone response to glucose.
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PMID:Metabolic and hormonal responses during a glucose controlled insulin infusion (Biostator) in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. 638 Oct 73

The antilipolytic activity of nicotinic acid was investigated in 7 patients with type II b hyperlipoproteinemia and in 7 with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia treated for two months with a nicotinic acid derivative, sorbinicate (1600 mg daily, ie 1454 mg NA). Before and after treatment the blood levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined and three dynamic tests -- oral glucose tolerance test, insulin test and tolbutamide test -- were done to check in each test the variations in blood glucose, NEFA, insulin (excluding obviously the insulin test), glucagon and growth hormone levels. At the end of the treatment, there was a significant reduction of cholesterol (type IIb and type IV) and of triglycerides (type IV), a marked reduction of the glucagon response, a slight increase in the insulin response and in the basal secretion of the growth hormone. It is suggested that the antilipolytic activity of nicotinic acid (and hence of sorbinicate) is at least partly mediated by an inhibition of glucagon secretion (and/or synthesis).
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PMID:Possible glucagon-mediated hypocholesterolemic activity of a nicotinic acid derivative (sorbinicate). 666 Oct 43

We have studied the correlation between NEFA and KB in 25 controls and in 24 diabetics, receiving or no insulin therapy. There is a correlation (r=0,64) between NEFA and KB in normal subjects and a more significant correlation (r=0,85) in diabetics. The "b" value of the two regression lines in the two groups is different, and this is dependent by variations in the hormonal (insulin and glucagon) and metabolic responses.
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PMID:[Correlations between NEFA and ketone bodies in normal and diabetic subjects]. 700 70

To investigate the influence of thyroid hormones on intermediary metabolism in man, hormone and metabolite profiles were obtained over a 12-h period of normal meals and activity in eight hypothyroid subjects before and during thyroxine replacement therapy, and in sixteen matched controls. The fasting blood glucose concentration and the mean 12-h blood glucose concentration were normal in hypothyroid subjects but the blood glucose response to breakfast was exaggerated. Fasting blood lactate and pyruvate levels were normal but post-prandial hyperlactataemia and hyperpyruvicaemia were found and mean 12 h values for lactate (hypothyroid 1.80 +/- 0.06 v. control 0.77 +/- 0.03 mmol/l, P less than 0.01) and pyruvate (0.10 +/- 0.01 v. 0.08 +/- 0.003 mmol/l, P less than 0.01) were elevated. Blood alanine concentrations were elevated only in the evening. Although plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels were normal, fasting blood glycerol levels were decreased (0.06 +/- 0.01 v 0.08 +/- 0.01 mmol/l, P less than 0.001) and this decrease persisted throughout the 12-h period. Blood total ketone body concentrations did not differ from controls, but, as for plasma NEFA and blood glycerol, the normal preprandial rise in concentration was absent. Serum insulin, glucagon and growth hormone concentrations did not differ from control values at any time. Six months of thyroxine (T4) treatment produced a rise in blood glycerol concentration (mean 12 h value during T4 therapy, 0.06 +/- 0.01; before T4 therapy, 0.04 +/- 0.005 mmol/l; P less than 0.01) but not to control values (0.08 +/- 0.01 mmol/l). Concentrations of glucose and other gluconeogenic precursors were unaltered by therapy but the insulin response to meals and the mean 12 h serum insulin concentration were increased.
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PMID:Diurnal hormone-metabolite profiles in hypothyroidism. 703 15

Severe stress is accompanied by a fall in circulating triiodothyronine levels as well as increases in secretion of several hormones including adrenaline. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the fall in triiodothyronine may counteract in part the catabolic effects of stress hormones such as adrenaline. Transient hypothyroidism was induced by administration orally of sodium ipodate (3 g). Adrenaline infusions (6 micrograms/min for 2 hours) were performed in five healthy men before and four days after ipodate was given. Circulating triiodothyronine levels decreased from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.1 +/- 0.1 nmol/l (p less than 0.001), associated with a small rise in serum thyroxine, but basal circulating concentrations of glucose, the gluconeogenic precursors, NEFA and 3-hydroxybutyrate were unaltered. Circulating insulin, glucagon and growth hormone concentrations were also similar with and without prior ipodate ingestion. Adrenaline infusion produced a rise in blood glucose (4.9 +/- 0.2 to 8.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/l at 60 min), lactate, pyruvate and the lactate: pyruvate ratio, which was unaltered by ipodate. Blood glycerol (0.04 +/- 0.004 to 0.13 +/- 0.03 mmol/l at 30 min), plasma NEFA (0.52 +/- 0.05 to 1.31 +/- 0.17 mmol/l at 30 min) and blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations (0.04 +/- 0.004 to 0.26 +/- 0.07 mmol/l at 50 min) were elevated by adrenaline, with similar responses obtained after ipodate. Ipodate also did not influence the circulating insulin and glucagon response to adrenaline infusion. A transient decrease in circulating triiodothyronine concentrations induced by ipodate does not modulate the hormonal and metabolic response to adrenaline in normal man.
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PMID:Transient triiodothyronine deficiency. Absence of effect on basal or adrenaline-stimulated carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in man. 704 51

The effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) by portable pump (Microjet MC2, Miles) and conventional optimized insulin therapy (OCT) on metabolic control were compared in a group of five insulin-dependent diabetic patients. A group of seven normal volunteers was examined as control. CSII treatment consisted of a basal insulin infusion and three boluses of 60 min, starting 30 min before each main meal. OCT was characterized by three daily s.c. insulin injections: regular insulin before breakfast and lunch, regular plus lente before dinner. Two protocols of study were performed. In the first one the metabolic (blood glucose, NEFA, 3-beta-OH-butyrate) and hormonal (free insulin, pancreatic glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone) profiles were examined in the hospital with the patients connected to a "blood glucose monitor," after 45 days of OCT and CSII treatment, respectively. In the course of CSII treatment, a better blood glucose profile was observed than during OCT (OCT: MBG = 162 +/- 18 mg/dl, M = 43 +/- 11, MAGE = 151 +/- 26 mg/dl. CSII: MBG = 133 +/- 8 mg/dl, M = 29 +/- 5, MAGE = 138 +/- 19 mg/dl: P less than 0.05), although the indices remained higher than in normal subjects (MBG = 85 +/- 3 mg/dl, M = 0.98 +/- 0.18, MAGE = 49 +/- 3.6 mg/dl). CSII treatment was also associated with an improvement of NEFA and 3-beta-OH-butyrate profiles. Plasma "free" insulin (IRI) ranged between 18.2 +/- 5.4 and 32 +/- 5.5 microU/ml during CSII. Plasma glucagon (IRG) concentration after overnight fast was 195 +/- 65 pg/ml and 220 +/- 55 pg/ml during OCT and CSII treatment, respectively, with minor changes throughout the day. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment in insulin-dependent diabetic patients: a comparison with conventional optimized treatment in a long-term study. 718 33

Our objective was to assess the effects of increased propionate supply on gut and liver function in lactating cows. Four multicatheterized, primiparous cows (30.4 +/- .5 kg/d of milk) were fed for ad libitum intake a diet of 50% alfalfa hay and 50% concentrate (20.6 +/- 1.9 kg/d of DM, 226 +/- 21 MJ/d of metabolizable energy, and 611 +/- 56 g/d of N). Each cow received intramesenteric infusions of NaCl (control) or Na-propionate (150 mmol/h of a 2.5 M solution) in a reversal design. After 72 h of infusion, blood flow (by indicator dilution) and net flux (venoarterial differences multiplied by blood flow) were measured across portal-drained viscera and the liver. Energy supply from feed consumed and from infusion was similar between treatments. Energy that was excreted as milk decreased with propionate infusion. Propionate infusion increased arterial concentration of propionate; decreased absorption of acetate, butyrate, and valerate; and decreased hepatic removal of L-lactate, butyrate, valerate, NEFA, and oxygen. Propionate infusion decreased splanchnic release of glucose and increased splanchnic release of acetate and alanine. Net flux of urea, BHBA, insulin, or glucagon was unaffected by treatments. Our data show a link between a greater proportion of energy supplied as propionate and decreased energy excreted as milk. This response was associated with decreased net removal of glucogenic and ketogenic substrates by the liver and increased supply of acetate for use by peripheral tissues.
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PMID:Effect of mesenteric vein infusion of propionate on splanchnic metabolism in primiparous Holstein cows. 781 5

Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL) is a syndrome characterized by the occurrence of symmetric lipomas over various regions of the body. No clear etiology has been recognized while a frequent association with systemic metabolic abnormalities has been described. The metabolic situation of a subject affected by MSL was assessed before and after surgical excision of lipomas. A condition of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was verified both before and after surgery by the performance of oral glucose tolerance test, glucagon test, and daily glucose profile. No significant differences were observed after the ablation of lipomatous masses with regard to glucose, IRI, IRCP and NEFA behaviour. We concluded that the resection of lipomas can not modify glucose tolerance in MSL and that lipomas can be considered as tissues metabolically independent from the rest of body fat.
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PMID:[Multiple symmetrical lipomatosis. Metabolic effects of excision of lipomatous tissue]. 815 30


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