Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relatives of 25 index patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia were tested for hypercalcemia. At least 13 of these patients had one or more first degree relatives with hypercalcemia. Two familial syndromes each with autosomal dominant transmission were recognized. Two index patients were part of large kindreds categorized as having familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). Manifestations of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I were present in the kindreds of at least four other index patients (FMEN I). In seven other kindreds there were too few affected members to allow definitive classification. Differences between manifestations of FHH and FMEN I were described. Among offspring of affected persons in kindreds with FHH, as distinct from FMEN I, the prevalence of hypercalcemia approached the theoretic maximum of 50 per cent during the first two decades. In FHH, nephrolithiasis and peptic disease were unusual; moderate hypercalcemia occurred without hypercalciuria; and subtotal parathyroidectomy did not abolish hypercalcemia. Concentrations of peptide hormones other than parathyroid hormone (PTH) were normal in those with FHH; in FMEN I high concentrations of glucagon in plasma were found in five of six patients tested, and high concentrations of gastrin were found in three of 12 patients. Hypergastrinemia generally accompanied obvious peptic disease. Distinction of the two conditions is important since patients with FHH may not benefit from subtotal parathyroidectomy, but they generally have a better clinical prognosis than do patients with FMEN I.
 ...
PMID:Family studies in patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia. 87 Nov 27

In 76 patients with active nephrolithiasis and in 28 normal subjects the influence of an Ca-load on the calcitonin and glucagon secretion and on the serum calcium, phosphate and magnesium levels was examined. In the patients with active nephrolithiasis a significant suppression of Ca-induced calcitonin secretion and absence of glucagon secretion was found. Simultaneously the patients showed a lower decrease of serum Mg and reduced increase of serum phosphate levels. The authors suggest participation of the above mentioned biochemical and endocrine abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the active nephrolithiasis.
 ...
PMID:[Calcitonin and glucagon secretion in active nephrolithiasis]. 363 Feb 89

An appreciation of the physiology of fasting is essential to the understanding of therapeutic dietary interventions and the effect of food deprivation in various diseases. The practice of prolonged fasting for political or religious purposes is increasing, and a physician is likely to encounter such circumstances. Early in fasting weight loss is rapid, averaging 0.9 kg per day during the first week and slowing to 0.3 kg per day by the third week; early rapid weight loss is primarily due to negative sodium balance. Metabolically, early fasting is characterized by a high rate of gluconeogenesis with amino acids as the primary substrates. As fasting continues, progressive ketosis develops due to the mobilization and oxidation of fatty acids. As ketone levels rise they replace glucose as the primary energy source in the central nervous system, thereby decreasing the need for gluconeogenesis and sparing protein catabolism. Several hormonal changes occur during fasting, including a fall in insulin and T(3) levels and a rise in glucagon and reverse T(3) levels. Most studies of fasting have used obese persons and results may not always apply to lean persons. Medical complications seen in fasting include gout and urate nephrolithiasis, postural hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias.
 ...
PMID:Fasting: the history, pathophysiology and complications. 675 55

Content of gastrointestinal hormones (gastrin, insulin, glucagon, C-peptide), beta2-microglobulin, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were studied in 65 patients with nephrolithiasis (NL) and in 73 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). It was found that NL with GFR under 80 ml/min runs with elevated insulin, glucagon and C-peptide while CRF with CRF under 30 ml/min is characterized by aggravated disorders of hormonal homeostasis (gastrin, insulin, glucagons, C-peptide elevation). As gastrointestinal hormones in patients with CRF are high, it is recommended to combine medication with diet containing low amount of carbohydrates easy for digestion which is important in the treatment of CRF.
 ...
PMID:[Gastrointestinal hormones in the blood serum of patients with chronic renal failure]. 1556 Jan 65