Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A pancreatic endocrine carcinoma with lung metastases was found in a 15-year-old male raccoon. This tumour was characterized by great variation in cell size and production of multiple polypeptide hormones. Endocrine markers expressed by the neoplastic cells were, in descending order of frequency, chromogranin A, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon, somatostatin and insulin. Co-expression of PP and glucagon, somatostatin or insulin was demonstrated immunohistochemically with consecutive sections, and cells with both glucagon and insulin were also observed. The pattern of co-expression was similar to that in the earliest stages of murine pancreatic development. Amyloid deposits in the islets of Langerhans, which reacted with antibody to islet amyloid polypeptide, were thought to be associated with age.
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PMID:Pancreatic endocrine carcinoma with multiple hormone production in a raccoon (Procyon lotor). 1021 74

This article gives an overview of the established radionuclide therapies for endocrine-related cancer that already have market authorization or are currently under evaluation in clinical trials. Radioiodine therapy is still the gold standard for differentiated iodine-avid thyroid cancer. In patients with bone and lung metastases (near) total remission is seen in approximately 50% and the 15-year survival rate for these patients is approximately 90%. In contrast to the USA, meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy has market approval in Europe. According to the current literature, in the setting of advanced stage neuroblastoma and malignant pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma, radiological remission can be achieved in >30% and symptom control in almost 80% of the treated patients. Somatostatin receptor targeted radionuclide therapies (e.g. with DOTATATE or DOTATOC) demonstrated promising results in phase 2 trials, reporting progression-free survival in the range of 24-36 months. A first phase 3 pivotal trial for intestinal carcinoids is currently recruiting and another trial for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is planned. Radiopharmaceuticals based on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) or minigastrins are in the early evaluation stage for application in the treatment of insulinomas and medullary thyroid cancer. In general, radiopharmaceutical therapy belongs to the group of so-called theranostics which means that therapy is tailored for individual patients based on molecular imaging diagnostics to stratify target positive or target negative tumor phenotypes.
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PMID:[Radionuclide therapy of endocrine-related cancer]. 2526 25