Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immunogold-silver staining technique is shown to be of great value in the detection of regulatory peptide-containing nerves and endocrine cells in routinely fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissues. The method appears to be better for this system than peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) which can yield poor or variable results. Antibodies to regulatory peptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), glucagon, pancratic polypeptide, and somatostatin 14 and 28, as well as to neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100, were used on sections of a variety of tissues from rat and pig including respiratory tract, skin, gut, pancreas, vagina, uterus, fallopian tube and kidney. In all cases, stronger immunostaining of nerves was obtained with the immunogold-silver technique than with PAP. The inherent density of the staining was also found to improve the visibility of endocrine cells in the section, and to permit the use of routine histological stains for counterstaining. As immunogold-silver staining is sensitive, rapid, cheap and avoids hazardous reagents, we feel it has great potential for the immunostaining of nerves and endocrine cells that contain regulatory peptides in routinely fixed and embedded tissues and may prove useful in pathology.
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PMID:The potential of the immunogold-silver staining method for paraffin sections. 608 58

Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), both recently isolated from the poisonous saliva of the American lizard or from ovine hypothalamus respectively, belong to the same peptide family as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM) and glucagon. In the present study, occurrence and distribution patterns of nerve fibers containing helospectin- and PACAP-like immunoreactivity in the human vagina were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescent labeling showed that helospectin or PACAP are co-expressed with VIP and PHM within subpopulations of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers. Nervous structures containing helospectin and VIP were particularly numerous in the internal mucous lining of the vagina and in free epithelial nerve endings, and an abundant network of nerve fibers surrounding blood vessels was detected. Nerve fibers co-expressing PACAP and VIP were more numerous than those expressing helospectin and VIP and were mainly found in close association with blood vessels as well as beneath and within the epithelium. Due to the lack of non-rabbit helospectin or PACAP antibodies, possible co-localizations between these two peptides could not be investigated at this time. The localizations demonstrated suggest possible roles of the two peptides in the regulation of local blood flow and lubrication of the vagina.
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PMID:Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the human vagina. 776 27

Energy metabolism and reproduction are closely linked and reciprocally regulated. The detrimental effect of underweight on reproduction complicates the safety evaluation of anti-obesity drugs, making it challenging to distinguish pathological changes mediated through the intended drug-induced weight loss from direct drug effects on reproductive organs. Four-weeks dosing of normal weight Sprague Dawley rats with a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)/glucagon receptor co-agonist induced a robust weight loss, accompanied by histological findings in prostate, seminal vesicles, mammary glands, uterus/cervix and vagina. Characterization of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in male rats revealed reduced hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA levels and decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations following co-agonist dosing. These alterations resemble hypogonadotropic hypogonadism typically seen in adverse energy deprived conditions, like chronic food restriction. Concomitant daily administration of kisspeptin-52 from day 21 to the end of the four-week co-agonist dosing period evoked LH and testosterone responses without normalizing histological findings. This incomplete rescue by kisspeptin-52 may be due to the rather short kisspeptin-52 treatment period combined with a desensitization observed on testosterone responses. Concomitant leptin treatment from day 21 did not reverse co-agonist induced changes in HPG axis activity. Furthermore, a single co-agonist injection in male rats slightly elevated LH levels but left testosterone unperturbed, thereby excluding a direct acute inhibitory effect on the HPG axis. Our data suggest that the reproductive phenotype after repeated co-agonist administration was driven by the intended weight loss, however, we cannot exclude a direct organ related effect in chronically treated rats.
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PMID:Kisspeptin-52 partially rescues the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in underweight male rats dosed with an anti-obesity compound. 3272 90