Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although there have been several reports of adverse reactions to contrast material during barium gastrointestinal (GI) studies, these are considered highly unusual. During a 27-month period at the author's institution, seven reactions to contrast material occurred during 6,918 colon examinations, and four reactions to contrast material occurred during 11,534 upper GI procedures. This frequency is greater than what has been reported previously. Most reactions were fairly mild, with urticaria and pruritus, although two patients, both with a history of asthma, had severe reactions that required emergency treatment. One patient had similar adverse reactions during both upper and lower GI examinations. Since only two patients received glucagon, this is not believed to be a factor. It is likely that patients react to some additive in the barium suspension. The radiologist must be aware of these complications and be ready to begin appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Increased frequency of reactions to contrast materials during gastrointestinal studies. 239 33

The authors report three anaphylactic reactions and one allergic reaction during double-contrast studies using glucagon. Symptoms included hives, periorbital edema, and breathing difficulties. Studies performed were three double-contrast barium enemas and one double-contrast upper gastrointestinal series. Glucagon injection and/or an additive in barium suspension are suspected as the likely causes. The allergic potential of glucagon injection, which is not generally appreciated, is reviewed.
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PMID:Anaphylactic and allergic reactions during double-contrast studies: is glucagon or barium suspension the allergen? 387 Dec 90

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, normally occurring within one to two hours of exposure to an allergen. The incidence of anaphylaxis in the United States is 2.1 per 1,000 person-years. Most anaphylactic reactions occur outside the hospital setting. Urticaria, difficulty breathing, and mucosal swelling are the most common symptoms of anaphylaxis. The most common triggers are medications, stinging insect venoms, and foods; however, unidentified triggers occur in up to one-fifth of cases. Coexisting asthma, mast cell disorders, older age, underlying cardiovascular disease, peanut and tree nut allergy, and drug-induced reactions are associated with severe or fatal anaphylactic reactions. Clinicians can obtain serum tryptase levels, reflecting mast cell degranulation, when the clinical diagnosis of anaphylaxis is not clear. Acute management of anaphylaxis involves removal of the trigger; early administration of intramuscular epinephrine; supportive care for the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation; and a period of observation for potential biphasic reactions. Only after epinephrine administration should adjunct medications be considered; these include histamine H1 and H2 antagonists, corticosteroids, beta2 agonists, and glucagon. Patients should be monitored for a biphasic reaction (i.e., recurrence of anaphylaxis without reexposure to the allergen) for four to 12 hours, depending on risk factors for severe anaphylaxis. Following an anaphylactic reaction, management should focus on developing an emergency action plan, referral to an allergist, and patient education on avoidance of triggers and appropriate use of an epinephrine auto-injector.
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PMID:Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management. 3293 Dec 10