Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of three different doses of somatostatin on splanchnic blood flow (SBF) and on arterial plasma insulin, glucagon and glucose was determined. 125, 250 and 500 microgram/h of somatostatin was infused during 60 minutes in 3 groups of 6 patients undergoing arterial-hepatic-venous catheterization; no patient had clinical evidence of metabolitic or hepatic disease. Continuous infusion of 125 microgram/h somatostatin was without significant effect on SBF, whereas 250 microgram/h resulted in a mean 28% reduction of SBF (p less than 0.05). Doubling the dose to 500 microgram/h affected SBF similarly (21% reduction of SBF). In contrast, administration of all three doses of somatostatin suppressed the circulating insulin and glucagon levels significantly. In a recent report somatostatin had been administered in a dose of 250 microgram/h to control gastric ulcer hemorrhage. The present studies demonstrate that this dose results in a significant reduction of SBF which cannot be further depressed by increasing the dose.
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PMID:[Dosage dependence of the effect of somatostatin on human splanchnic blood flow]. 43 87

The blood serum levels of gastrin and insulin and arterial blood levels of glucose were determined immediately before intravenous injection of 1 mg of glucagon, and 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes later in 12 gastric ulcer patients, 14 duodenal ulcer patients and 12 controls using the radioimmunological and orthotoluidine methods respectively. Following glucagon administration the gastrin levels dropped in the controls and the gastrin patients, and increased in the duodenal patients by an average of 30%. Insulin levels increased in all three groups, but the increase was statistically significant in the two patients groups. Glucose levels in the blood also increased with no significant differences between the groups. It is suggested that the different effect of glucagon on gastrin levels may be due to gastrin-insulin interaction; the levels of the two hormones in the blood of duodenal patients were higher than in the other two groups studied.
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PMID:The effect of glucagon on the blood levels of gastrin, insulin and glucose in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers. 52 17

Insulin, glucagon and C-peptide content in the blood was assayed with the use of commercial radioimmune kits (Diagnostic, USA, and Oris, France). A total of 93 peptic ulcer patients (35 with duodenal peptic ulcer, 28 with gastric ulcer, 16 after Billroth-I resection, and 14 after Billroth-II resection) and 25 patients with chronic gastritis attended by secretory insufficiency were investigated. The study was conducted on empty stomach and after a test breakfast containing 57 g of protein, 63 g of fat, 103 g of carbohydrates that comprised 1212 kcal. The highest changes in hormone incretion were recorded in patients with peptic ulcer disease after Billroth-I and Billroth-II resection, the lowest--in patients with chronic gastritis attended by secretory insufficiency.
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PMID:[Effect of food on blood levels of insulin, glucagon and C-peptide in gastroduodenal pathology]. 162 73

Blood serum insulin, glucagon, pepsinogen, trypsin was studied by radioimmunological methods in 95 patients with ulcer disease. Fasting values and values 1 and 2 hours after a standard breakfast (1212 kcal) were evaluated. It was established that all patients showed a statistically valid increase of the basal level of glucagon while patients with gastric ulcer showed an increase of the basal insulin level. Use of a test breakfast showed reserve and compensatory capacities of the hormonal pancreatic function. Patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer revealed an increase of the pepsinogen level under conditions of basal secretion and after a test breakfast.
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PMID:[Pancreatic hormonal function and proteolytic activity in peptic ulcer]. 208 6

To determine its efficacy and safety in treating obesity, a silicone-rubber balloon was passed into the stomach of 10 nondieting, obese subjects. In a counterbalanced sequence, the balloon was inflated with 400 mL for 1 mo and deflated for 1 mo. Lower intakes of solid and liquid test meals (NS), significantly slower gastric emptying, and concomitant changes in glucose, insulin, glucagon, and cholecystokinin concentrations consistent with slower emptying resulted during balloon inflation. After balloon inflation, one small gastric ulcer developed, which subsequently healed. Significant weight loss occurred during the second and third week of the inflation period (F[1,9] = 5.0, p less than 0.05). However, the weight loss was small and the significant effect did not continue through the fourth week.
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PMID:Gastric balloon to treat obesity: a double-blind study in nondieting subjects. 218 57

A study was made of changes of the content of hormones (gastrin, insulin, glucagon, triodonthyronine, thyroxine, thyrotrophin, somatotrophin, adrenocorticotrophin and hydrocortisone) under the influence of standard food load in 166 patients with GIT diseases (gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic anacid gastritis and chronic enteritis). Forty-three healthy persons entered the control group. Hormones were determined in the peripheral blood by radioimmunoassay. Taking food in healthy persons was shown to cause the stimulation of the secretion of most hormones. To elucidate the mechanisms of hormonal shifts after food load, hormones were also studied after per os intake of solutions with different pH. Disorders of postprandial reactions of the endocrine system which were specific for these nosological forms, were revealed in GIT diseases. The results of the study are of interest in view of new approaches to functional interrelationships of the GIT with endocrine glands.
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PMID:[New approaches to studying the functional relations of the gastrointestinal tract with the endocrine glands]. 408 61

Glucagon provocation test was performed in the patients with hypergastrinemia and hyperchlorhydria to investigate its diagnostic value. A paradoxical response of plasma gastrin level in the patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and a marked decrease of plasma gastrin level in the patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, excluded gastric antrum, multiple endocrine adenomatosis, pernicious anemia and chronic renal failure were demonstrated by glucagon infusion. Glucagon provocation test, therefore, was considered to be of great value in the diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, particularly, in the case of an excluded gastric antrum in which secretin provocation test caused the false positive result because of a marked increase of pancreatic secretion. Glucagon provocation test in combination with secretin provocation test, therefore, is at present the most preferable diagnostic procedure for detecting the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.U
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PMID:Clinical significance of glucagon provocation test in the diagnosis of hypergastrinemia. 611 93

Hanisch E, Schwille PO. Effects of various vagotomies and sympathectomies on gastric secretory function in the non-stressed and by immobilization stressed rat. Scand J Gastroenterol 1984, 19, Suppl 89, 99-104 The aim of the present study was to study several gastrointestinal parameters (acid, pepsin secretion, ulcer index, gastrin, somatostatin, glucagon) following various forms of sympathectomies in comparison with vagotomies under two different states of sympatho-adrenal activation in male gastric fistula rats. It is concluded that acid and pepsin appear regulated by the autonomous nervous system, even in the basal state. Gastric ulcer formation/prevention depends on gastric sympathetic innervation and on the state of activation of the adrenal medulla. Basal gastrin, somatostatin, glucagon may be modified by both limbs of the autonomous nervous system.
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PMID:Effects of various vagotomies and sympathectomies on gastric secretory functions in the non-stressed and by immobilization stressed rat. 614 96

A case of metastatic islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas associated with the production of multiple polypeptide hormones (insulin, glucagon, and gastrin) is described. Three years prior to the histologic diagnosis the patient presented with a gastric ulcer and an androgen responsive pancytopenia with hypoplastic bone marrow. Discontinuation of androgen therapy resulted in relapse of pancytopenia. After the diagnosis of islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas was established, the patient was treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and streptozotocin and subsequently elevated serum polypeptide hormones returned toward normal levels. Concurrent with the normalization of peptide hormones another complete hematologic remission was achieved without use of androgens. Injection of the patient's serum into female rats produced a significant fall in leukocyte (P less than 0.02) and platelet counts (P less than 0.005), but no significant decrease in hematocrit. The clinical course and laboratory findings in this case suggest the presence of a previously undescribed serum factor released by an islet cell tumor capable of suppressing hematopoiesis.
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PMID:Pancreatic islet cell carcinoma associated with multiple hormone secretion and pancytopenia. Evidence of a serum factor suppressing hematopoiesis. 629 5

The present study included 104 patients with gastric disorders associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Thirty of them presented with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 30 with gastric ulcer (GU), 20 with adenomatous gastric polyps (AGP), and 24 with gastric cancer (GC). The control group was comprised of 12 practically healthy subjects. We elucidated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endocrine cells of gastric mucosa producing glucagon (GC) and pancreatic polypeptide (PPP) in the patients with GAG, GU, AGP and GC prior to and after the surgical intervention and following eradication therapy. It was shown that GAG, AGP, and GC were associated with the persistence of Helicobacter pylori infection and accompanied by hyperplasia of GC and PPP-secreting endocrine cells of gastric mucosa. GU was characterized by hypolasia of VEGF-secreting epithelial cells of the stomach and GC and PPP-secreting endocrine cells of gastric mucosa. The levels of VEGF, GC and PPP that directly or indirectly realize their pathological properties through H. pylori, Bcl-2, and proapoptotic protein BAX proved to be of high prognostic value as regards the evolvement and clinical course of gastric disorders associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. The study demonstrated that adequate eradication therapy in patients with H. pylori-associated diseases of the stomach significantly reduces the number of gastric cells secreting VEGF and has practically no effect on the amount of GC and PPP-producing endocrine cells of gastric mucosa.
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PMID:[The role of epitheliocytes secreting vascular endothelial growth factor, pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon in the development of oncological diseases of the stomach]. 2264 62


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