Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01275 (glucagon)
 26,492 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The BB rat spontaneously develops insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in association with marked insulitis in the islet of Langerhans. Since platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) is involved in allergic and inflammatory reactions, we tested a PAF antagonist, Ginkgolide B (BN 52021) for potential effects on islet inflammation and diabetes. Diabetes prone BB/Wor rats were treated daily from weaning at 25 days until 105 days of age with either saline (n = 30, controls), 10 (n = 25, low dose) or 20 (n = 30, high dose) mg/kg body weight of BN 52021. The overall incidence of IDDM was unaffected by treatment. Quantitative analysis of insulin area showed a dose-dependent protection of beta cells by Ginkgolide B, reflected in a 6- (low dose) to 8-fold (high dose) (P less than 0.01-0.005) increase in the insulin/glucagon cell ratio compared to the saline treated rats. Ginkgolide B reduced severe insulitis from 84% in the saline rats developing IDDM to 59% (n.s.) in the low and to 33% (P less than 0.001) in the high dose group. These data suggest that PAF inhibitors may prove useful in immunomodulator therapy of IDDM since beta cells are preserved.
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PMID:Effects of ginkgolide B, a platelet-activating factor inhibitor on insulitis in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat. 177 55

We examined the response of plasma glucose concentration and glucose counterregulatory factors (eg, glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol, and norepinephrine) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in four patients with Shy-Drager syndrome and in five control subjects to determine if glucose counterregulation occurred in the patients with sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system defects. The recovery of plasma glucose from hypoglycemia in a slower phase in the patients appeared to be almost similar to that in the control subjects, along with the absence of an initial rapid recovery phase; that is, there was no significant difference in the plasma glucose levels observed at any point between the patients and the control subjects. Although the insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the control subjects provoked a rapid release of epinephrine, followed by an increase in the plasma glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol levels, it did not cause a significant increase in any of the glucose counterregulatory factors in the patients. Our findings that the restoration of normoglycemia after insulin-induced hypoglycemia occurred despite no significant increase in the counterregulatory hormonal factors suggest that other glucose counterregulatory mechanisms (eg, increased glucose release from the liver by the intrinsic effect of hypoglycemia on the liver) than the hormonal glucose counterregulatory factors might play an important role in the recovery of plasma glucose from insulin-induced hypoglycemia in a state of chronic deficiency of hormonal factors.
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PMID:Hormonal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with Shy-Drager syndrome. 635 Aug 10

Pancreatic tissue specimens of domestic ducks were fixed in PAF, paraformaldehyde and Bouin's fluid. Sections were immunohistochemically stained with antisera against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Immunoreactive cells were detected in both exocrine and endocrine pancreas. The endocrine cells were grouped into three islet types: A, B and mixed islets. A islets comprised glucagon, somatostatin and 5-HT immunoreactive cells. B islets showed insulin, somatostatin and 5-HT immuno-reactive cells. Mixed islets were composed of all four immunoreactive cytotypes. Using a double immunofluorescent technique, it was observed that 5-HT immunoreactivity was present in some of the glucagon and in some of the insulin immunoreactive cells. B islets were observed throughout the pancreas. A and mixed islets were more concentrated in the splenic lobe, and decreased in number in the other lobes. These results were compared with those obtained in other avian species.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of the endocrine pancreas of ducks. 874 Oct 99

The number and the size of the Langerhans islets in the pancreata of most of investigated cases with diabetic foetopathy is increased (polynesia and macronesia). The B endocrine cells are immunoreactive for both insulin and IAPP, the reaction for IAPP being weaker in comparison with the controls. In one of the cases (the mother with long history of treated type 1 diabetes, who died during delivery) no presence of insulin-immunoreactive of PAF positive B cells is discovered. The reactivity for glucagon and somatostatin in the pancreata with diabetic foetopathy is found to be similar to the controls. In the vicinity of some islets lymphoid cell infiltrations are observed.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies of the pancreas in newborns with diabetic fetopathy]. 896 31